翻譯名義集 7.40

7.40

The Great Commentary states: "A disciple of the Śākya receiving the prohibitive precepts is their nature; shaving the hair and wearing cut, dyed robes is their characteristic appearance." The Daozong chao states: "Deportment is the characteristic appearance of the śramaṇa, namely shaving the hair and wearing ruined [colored] robes; essence is the nature of the śramaṇa, namely the unmanifest precept-nature." The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya states: "The three robes are the standard and banner of the noble and saintly śramaṇas." The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: "The Tathāgatas of the three times all wore such robes." The Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra explains the twelve dhūtas; regarding robes there are two kinds: First is the rag robe (pāṃśukūla). The Treatise on the Great Perfection of Wisdom comments: "Due to fine robes, one pursues things in the four directions and falls into wrong livelihood. If one receives fine robes from others, personal attachment arises; if one is not personally attached, the donor feels resentment. Furthermore, fine robes are an occasion for those who have not attained the Path to give rise to greed and attachment; fine robes cause the calamity of thieves, or even the loss of life. Because there are such harms, one adopts the practice of worn rag robes." Second is wearing only the three robes. The Treatise on the Great Perfection of Wisdom comments: "The practitioner has few desires and is content, with robes merely covering the body, neither too many nor too few; hence one receives the three robes. White-robed laypersons seek pleasure, and so keep many kinds of robes. Some non-Buddhists practice austerities, and so go naked without shame. Therefore, the Buddha's disciples abandon the two extremes and abide in the Middle Way." Beishan states: "Kauṇḍinya wore dilapidated clothes worth five coins, while Subhūti had a magnificent room with a hundred treasures—both were noble sages. Hengyue wore a single patch-robe his entire life, while Xuanjing changed his clothes every dawn—both were eminent monks. Overcoming or not overcoming [delusion] lies within oneself; fitting or not fitting does not depend on material things."