翻譯名義集 7.8

7.8

【Sāṅghika】 Translated here as property of the saṅgha of the four directions. The *Lüchao* lists four kinds of permanent property (*nitya*): First, the permanently permanent property, which refers to the saṅgha's kitchens, storehouses, monastic buildings, various implements, flowering and fruit trees, fields, gardens, servants, livestock, and so forth. Because its essence is restricted to that particular place and does not extend to other boundaries, it can only be used and enjoyed, and may not be divided or sold; hence it is called 'permanently permanent'. Second, permanent property of the ten directions, such as the monastic community's regular meals offered to monks; its essence extends to the ten directions, but is restricted to this local place; these two are called *sāṅghika* property. Third, present property for the present community, which refers to goods received as offerings by monks that were offered exclusively to the monks present at this place. Fourth, present property of the ten directions, such as the light personal belongings of deceased members of the five assemblies. If a karmavācanā has not yet been performed, one incurs an offense against the monks of the ten directions; if a karmavācanā has already been performed, one incurs an offense with respect to the monks present; these two are called property of the monks present.