翻譯名義集 7.9

7.9

【Araṇya】 Also named *āreṇya*. The *Dazhidulun* translates it as a distant and secluded place; the *Sarvāstivāda-śāstra* translates it as a calm and quiet place. Tiantai states: Not engaging in worldly affairs is called calm (*xian*); being free from bustling noise is called quiet (*jing*). It is also translated as 'free from contention', meaning that where one dwells, one does not contend with the world, that is, a place five *li* away from villages. Sengzhao states: "Anger and contention arise among assemblies; freedom from contention emerges from empty seclusion. Therefore, the Buddha praised dwelling in an araṇya." Master Huanying translated it as empty and tranquil. Master Huiyuan divided it into three types: first, dharma-araṇya, that is, at the beginning of the *Avataṃsaka*, referring to the preaching that all dharmas are originally tranquil and calm, devoid of the sense of arising or action; second, mātaṅga-araṇya, referring to charnel grounds, which must be one krośa away from villages, beyond the reach of the bellowing of a large ox; third, daṇḍaka-araṇya, referring to a sandy desert. *Qi* (desert) is pronounced with the fanqie *qian-li*.