翻譯名義集 7.87

7.87

2. 【Saṃghāvaśeṣa】 The Samantapāsādikā states: "'Saṃgha' means the saṅgha; 'vaśeṣa' (ba) means the beginning, referring to the karman of concealment granted first by the saṅgha. 'Śeṣa' (shisha) means remnant, referring to the karman of rehabilitating the offense granted at the end. If one commits this offense, the saṅgha performs the ritual procedure to eradicate it; therefore it is named after the domain [of rehabilitation]." The Vinayamātṛkā states: "'Saṃgha-remnant' is like a person who has been hacked by another, with only the throat remaining (can); hence it is called remnant, and principle requires that they be saved swiftly. The retribution for a saṃghāvaśeṣa offense is like a lifespan of eight thousand years in the Nirmāṇarati Heaven; in human reckoning, it is 23.04 billion years. This is falling into the Mahāraurava Hell, taking eight hundred human years as one day and night in that heaven."