無量壽經義記卷下 1.36

1.36

第三段明偷盜破不盜戒也。從佛言其二惡者訖是為二大善。就此段中有五子句明義。第一子句段明盜因。從佛言其二惡者訖無所恃怙。此盜中句明義無異前章也。第二第三子句雙明也。從獨來獨去無一隨者訖事至乃悔善惡禍福追命所生者。善因善果惡因惡果雙明也。或在樂處者。此是善果也。或入苦毒者。此是苦果也。第四子句與前行惡人作譬也。從今世現有王法牢獄訖二痛二燒懃苦如是。此明二世苦。現在受五法之苦。未來世受三塗之苦也。第五子句明勸結。從譬如大火焚燒人身訖二大惡。第四段明貪婬破不婬戒。從佛言其三惡者訖是為三大善。就此段中有四子句明義。第一子句明貪婬因。從初訖但欲唐得。第二子句明行惡因果。從眄睞細色患人而苦之也。第三子句明後受三塗苦報　從亦復不畏五法禁令訖三痛三燒懃苦如是。如是之惡著於人鬼者。造如此重。或注其名字。或在人中六根不具。或在鬼中也。第四子句段明勸結也。從譬如大火焚燒人身訖三大善。第五段明妄語破不妄語戒。從佛言其四惡者訖是為四大善。就此段中有五子句。第一子句明妄語因。從佛言其四惡者訖難得誠實。第二子句明惡果。從尊貴自大訖天神記識。第三子句明修善因也。從賴其前世頗其作福德訖營護助之。第四子句明行惡眾生後世受三塗地獄果報。從今世為惡福德自滅訖四痛四燒懃苦如是。第五子句明勸結。從譬如大火焚燒人身訖四大善。第六段明飲酒破不飲酒戒。從佛言其五惡者訖是為五大善。就此段中有六子句明義。第一子句明飲酒方便。從佛言其五惡者訖用自振給。特欲飲酒先起方便飲酒。是正犯戒體也。第二子句明飲酒是惡因也。從耽酒嗜美訖父母兄弟眷屬。第三子句明行惡果報。從六親憎惡訖無得脫捨。如是人心意俱然者。明六親及一切世人同心願令其死故言心意俱然也。第四子句明善因果也。善人行善者。明行善因也。從樂入樂唯明入明者。善果也。第五子句明行惡未來世愛重苦報也。從惡人行惡訖五痛五燒懃苦如是。第六子句明勸結。從譬如大火焚燒人身訖五大善。人能於中一心制意者。此明十善意地貪瞋癡也。端身正念者。明身無殺盜婬也言行相副者。不妄語也。所作至誠者。不綺語也。所語如諸者。不兩舌也。心口不轉者。不惡口也。此是十善幡十惡勸持五戒十善必得生天也。

The third section explains stealing, which breaks the precept against stealing. From "The Buddha said: 'The second evil...'" down to "...this is the second great good." Within this section, there are five clauses explaining the meaning. The first clause explains the cause of theft. From "The Buddha said: 'The second evil...'" down to "...having nothing to rely upon." The meaning of the clauses within this [discussion of] theft is no different from the previous chapter. The second and third clauses explain [causes and effects] together. From "Coming alone and departing alone, with none accompanying..." down to "...only when the matter arrives do they regret it; good and evil, misfortune and fortune follow life wherever it is born": wholesome causes and wholesome fruits, unwholesome causes and unwholesome fruits are explained together. "Or being in a place of pleasure": this is a wholesome fruit. "Or entering bitter poison": this is a painful fruit. The fourth clause provides a metaphor for the people who performed evil previously. From "In this world there are currently the king's laws and prisons..." down to "...two sufferings and two burnings, being diligently afflicted like this." This explains the suffering of two lifetimes: in the present receiving the suffering of the five laws, and in future lifetimes receiving the suffering of the three paths. The fifth clause explains the encouraging conclusion. From "It is like a great fire burning a person's body..." down to "...the two great evils." The fourth section explains lustful greed, which breaks the precept against sexual misconduct. From "The Buddha said: 'The third evil...'" down to "...this is the third great good." Within this section, there are four clauses explaining the meaning. The first clause explains the cause of lustful greed. From the beginning down to "...only desiring to obtain it in vain." The second clause explains the cause and fruit of performing evil. From "Gazing at fine forms, troubling people and making them suffer." The third clause explains subsequently receiving the painful retribution of the three paths. From "Neither fearing the prohibitions of the five laws..." down to "...three sufferings and three burnings, being diligently afflicted like this." "Such evils attach to humans and ghosts": creating such heavy [karma], their names are recorded, and they are either among humans with incomplete sense faculties or among ghosts. The fourth clause explains the encouraging conclusion. From "It is like a great fire burning a person's body..." down to "...the three great goods." The fifth section explains lying, which breaks the precept against false speech. From "The Buddha said: 'The fourth evil...'" down to "...this is the fourth great good." Within this section, there are five clauses. The first clause explains the cause of lying. From "The Buddha said: 'The fourth evil...'" down to "...it is difficult to find sincerity." The second clause explains the evil fruit. From "Noble and arrogant..." down to "...heavenly spirits record and remember." The third clause explains the cause of cultivating goodness. From "Relying on having made considerable merit in past lives..." down to "...protecting and helping them." The fourth clause explains that sentient beings who perform evil receive the karmic retribution of the three paths and hells in future lives. From "Committing evil in this life, merit naturally extinguishes..." down to "...four sufferings and four burnings, being diligently afflicted like this." The fifth clause explains the encouraging conclusion. From "It is like a great fire burning a person's body..." down to "...the four great goods." The sixth section explains drinking alcohol, which breaks the precept against drinking alcohol. From "The Buddha said: 'The fifth evil...'" down to "...this is the fifth great good." Within this section, there are six clauses explaining the meaning. The first clause explains the expedient means of drinking alcohol. From "The Buddha said: 'The fifth evil...'" down to "...to supply themselves." Particularly desiring to drink alcohol, one first gives rise to expedient means; drinking alcohol is the actual transgression of the precept's essence. The second clause explains that drinking alcohol is an unwholesome cause. From "Indulging in wine and craving fine flavors..." down to "...parents, brothers, and kin." The third clause explains the karmic retribution of performing evil. From "The six relations detest and hate them..." down to "...unable to escape or cast it off." "Such people's minds are entirely like this": this explains that the six relations and all worldly people unitedly wish for their death; hence it says "their minds are entirely like this." The fourth clause explains wholesome causes and fruits. "Wholesome people doing good": this explains practicing wholesome causes. From "Entering pleasure from pleasure, entering brightness only from brightness": this is the wholesome fruit. The fifth clause explains that those who perform evil will receive heavy and painful retribution in future lives. From "Evil people doing evil..." down to "...five sufferings and five burnings, being diligently afflicted like this." The sixth clause explains the encouraging conclusion. From "It is like a great fire burning a person's body..." down to "...the five great goods." "If people are able to control their minds with single-mindedness": this explains the ten wholesome [actions] regarding greed, hatred, and delusion of the mental ground. "Upright in body and correct in mindfulness": this explains that the body is without killing, stealing, or lust. "Words and actions matching each other": not lying. "What they do being completely sincere": no frivolous speech. "What they say being completely faithful": no divisive speech. "Mind and mouth not shifting": no harsh speech. These are the ten wholesome [actions] turning back the ten unwholesome [actions], encouraging the upholding of the five precepts and ten wholesome [actions], which will surely result in birth in heaven.