藥師經疏 1.7

1.7

經。此等眾生至畜生道　三乘業受生　問人間命終生餓鬼道者有何相貌。答大威德陀羅尼經第二卷云。其人臨終有十種相。一轉舌向上及舐下唇。二身體熱惱求欲得水。三論說飲食而但口張。四眼目青色如孔雀頂。五瞳人乾燥。六故糞失尿。七右脚先冷。八口言燒我。九右手作拳。十如是慳貪諸遍患故。不捨施故而取命終生餓鬼道中。問生畜生道有何相貌。答彼經中說有五種相。一於妻子所愛心所牽。二手足指等悉皆捲縮。三腹上行出。四作白羊鳴。五口中沫出。臨命終時。此五相現。當知決定生畜生道　問造何業故生二趣中。答以慳貪故生餓鬼中。以愚癡故生畜生中　問何故不生地獄中。答不起重瞋損惱他故不生地獄中。

Sūtra: “Such sentient beings […] up to: the animal realm.” / Third: taking rebirth by driven by karma. / Question: What signs appear when someone dies in the human realm and is reborn into the hungry ghost realm? / Answer: The second fascicle of the Daweide tuoluoni jing states: “When that person is near death, there are ten signs: first, turning the tongue upward and licking the lower lip; second, heat and distress in the body, desiring to obtain water; third, speaking of food and drink yet only opening the mouth; fourth, the eyes turning green like the crest of a peacock; fifth, pupils becoming dry; sixth, involuntary defecation and urination; seventh, the right foot becoming cold first; eighth, saying from the mouth, ‘I am burning!’; ninth, clenching the right hand into a fist; tenth, because of such pervasive afflictions of stinginess and greed, dying without giving, and taking rebirth in the hungry ghost realm.” / Question: What signs appear when being reborn into the animal realm? / Answer: That sūtra states there are five signs: “First, the heart is drawn by love for wife and children; second, the fingers, toes, and limbs all curl and shrink; third, movement occurs above the abdomen; fourth, bleating like a white sheep; fifth, frothing at the mouth. When near the end of life, these five signs appear; one should know that rebirth in the animal realm is certain.” / Question: Creating what karma causes rebirth in these two destinies? / Answer: Due to stinginess and greed, one is born among hungry ghosts; due to delusion, one is born among animals. / Question: Why is one not born in hell? / Answer: Because one does not give rise to heavy anger that harms others, one is not born in hell.