維摩經疏 1.13

1.13

Below, in parārtha, "opening and closing all gates to the evil destinies": they themselves have no evil causes. The three bad paths and the asuras are the evil destinies. The various karmas and kleśas leading people to enter them are called "gates to the evil destinies." The noble path warding them off is designated as "opening and closing." "And taking birth in the paths to manifest their bodies" means manifesting and conferring [teachings] according to beings. The three bad paths, humans, and devas are the five destinies; if asuras are divided, there are distinctively six. Initial entry is called "taking birth"; final emerging is called "manifesting." From "acting as a great king of physicians" onward, they gather and benefit [beings] according to their births. "Acting as a great king of physicians to heal all illnesses" universally clarifies the benefit of conversion. Being able to heal is called "physician"; sovereign is called "king." Being supreme among kings of physicians, it is called "great." Below, it is specifically revealed: "providing medicine according to the illness" means preaching and conferring dharmas according to measure—for greed, teaching impurity; for anger, teaching maitrī; and so forth. "Causing them to take and practice it" means encouraging beings to cultivate. "Causing them to take" means teaching them to give rise to hearing and contemplating so as to assimilate the Dharma; "causing them to practice" means teaching them to arouse practice in accordance with the Dharma.