四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 2.79

2.79

若比丘畜長鉢不淨施齊十日過者尼薩耆波逸提　此滿足戒本文有四句。一犯人。二所畜長鉢。三開十日畜。四為結犯。初句可知。言長鉢者。律云。鉢有六種。鐵鉢黑鉢赤蘇摩羅國鉢烏伽羅國鉢憂伽賒國鉢。大要有二。一者鐵鉢。二者泥鉢。此二種鉢。要具三。如方堪受持。一者鉢如但唯泥鐵。二者量如大者三升。小者升半。三是色如見論。鐵鉢五熏。凡鉢三熏。已上方是色如具。此三方可說淨。言不淨施者。是犯緣。犯有二種。一者過犯。二者染犯。相對八門。是長衣戒不異。所齊十日者。是開限。故律云。阿難得鉢欲奉迦葉。以常用故十日當還。恐犯捨墮。以事白佛。開至十日。所言過者尼薩耆波逸提。此是違限結犯相門。開通如長衣戒。

“If a monk keeps an extra bowl without declaring it permissible by giving, and it exceeds the period of ten days, it is a niḥsargika-prāyaścittika.” In this full text of the precept, there are four clauses: first, the offender; second, the extra bowl kept; third, the allowance of keeping it for ten days; fourth, establishing the offense. The first clause can be understood. Regarding “extra bowl,” the Vinaya says: “There are six kinds of bowls: iron bowls, black bowls, red bowls, Sumāla country bowls, Ukkala country bowls, and Uggasa country bowls.” In general, there are two kinds: first, iron bowls; second, clay bowls. These two kinds of bowls must possess the three conformities before they are suitable to be received and kept: 1. conformity in bowl material, which is strictly only clay or iron; 2. conformity in capacity, the large being three sheng and the small being one and a half sheng; 3. conformity in color, as seen in the treatises: an iron bowl is smoked five times, and an ordinary [clay] bowl is smoked three times. Only when the above is fulfilled is it conformity in color. When these three are complete, one may then declare it permissible. Regarding “not declaring it permissible by giving,” this is the condition for an offense. Offenses are of two kinds: first, offenses of exceeding the time; second, offenses of defilement. The eight corresponding categories are not different from the precept on extra robes. Regarding “the period of ten days,” this is the allowance limit. Thus the Vinaya says: Ānanda obtained a bowl and wished to offer it to Kāśyapa; because it was in regular use, it would be returned in ten days, but fearing he would incur an offense of relinquishment and fall, he reported the matter to the Buddha, who allowed up to ten days. Regarding “exceeds […] it is a niḥsargika-prāyaścittika,” this is the aspect establishing the offense for violating the limit; the exceptions and applications are the same as in the precept on extra robes.