四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 2.79

2.79

“If a monk keeps an extra bowl without declaring it permissible by giving, and it exceeds the period of ten days, it is a niḥsargika-prāyaścittika.” In this full text of the precept, there are four clauses: first, the offender; second, the extra bowl kept; third, the allowance of keeping it for ten days; fourth, establishing the offense. The first clause can be understood. Regarding “extra bowl,” the Vinaya says: “There are six kinds of bowls: iron bowls, black bowls, red bowls, Sumāla country bowls, Ukkala country bowls, and Uggasa country bowls.” In general, there are two kinds: first, iron bowls; second, clay bowls. These two kinds of bowls must possess the three conformities before they are suitable to be received and kept: 1. conformity in bowl material, which is strictly only clay or iron; 2. conformity in capacity, the large being three sheng and the small being one and a half sheng; 3. conformity in color, as seen in the treatises: an iron bowl is smoked five times, and an ordinary [clay] bowl is smoked three times. Only when the above is fulfilled is it conformity in color. When these three are complete, one may then declare it permissible. Regarding “not declaring it permissible by giving,” this is the condition for an offense. Offenses are of two kinds: first, offenses of exceeding the time; second, offenses of defilement. The eight corresponding categories are not different from the precept on extra robes. Regarding “the period of ten days,” this is the allowance limit. Thus the Vinaya says: Ānanda obtained a bowl and wished to offer it to Kāśyapa; because it was in regular use, it would be returned in ten days, but fearing he would incur an offense of relinquishment and fall, he reported the matter to the Buddha, who allowed up to ten days. Regarding “exceeds […] it is a niḥsargika-prāyaścittika,” this is the aspect establishing the offense for violating the limit; the exceptions and applications are the same as in the precept on extra robes.