四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.10

3.10

若比丘與女人同室宿者波逸提　此滿足戒本文有四句。一犯人。二女人。三同室宿。四結犯。初句可知。第二言與女人者。律云。人女有知命根不斷。三言室宿者。室有四種。一四周障上有覆。即同在一堂內。中有隔者准論不合。二前敞無壁。即長行房擔下兩頭有障。三雖覆而不遍。即同院一門上通覆開中央。四雖覆遍而有開處。謂通覆障上少開明孔。言宿者。此等四室比丘與女人同宿戒。女人後至。或比丘後至。或二人俱至。若亞臥隨脇轉側。一一皆犯。四言波逸提者。是犯句。於中有二。若與女人同室宿隨轉側一一犯提。若與女人畜生若人黃門二根人同宿吉羅。若比丘盡日臥女人立者吉羅。女人若坐犯屏墮。多善二論若都集堂同障內設使出入皆犯。十誦若在室中通夜坐者不犯。必應多共處有明不睡者。祇云。一房別戶有隔無犯。若大會通夜說法露地風雨寒雪欲入房內。應端身直坐。若老病不能坐者。當施隔不得用疎物。高齊肩腋。下至地不得容猫兒過。若無隔者女人可信應語女人言。汝先眠。我坐。比丘欲眠。語令起我。欲眠。汝莫眠。若眠者汝無福行。多論與十女宿得十墮。一一轉各各得十墮。若白衣舍與女人並房不閉戶吉羅。不犯中。律云。若先不知室內有女宿。若不成室相。若坐若行若病。若為強力所投。若為人所縛。若命梵等並皆無犯。

"If a bhikṣu lodges in the same room with a woman, it is a prāyaścittika." This complete Prātimokṣa text contains four phrases: first, the person who commits the offense; second, the woman; third, lodging in the same room; fourth, declaring the offense. The first phrase is obvious. Regarding the second phrase, "with a woman": the Vinaya states, "A human woman who has conscious awareness and whose life faculty is not severed." Regarding the third phrase, "lodging in a room": there are four kinds of rooms: 1. It is obstructed on all four sides and covered above. That is, being together within one hall; if there is a partition within it, according to the treatises, it is not considered [the same room]. 2. The front is open without a wall; that is, beneath the eaves of a long row of rooms where both ends are obstructed. 3. Though covered, it is not completely covered; that is, in the same courtyard sharing a single gate, it is entirely covered above but open in the center. 4. Though completely covered, there are openings; that is, the entire covering and obstruction has a small opening for light. Regarding "lodging": in these four kinds of rooms, the precept against a bhikṣu lodging together with a woman applies whether the woman arrives later, or the bhikṣu arrives later, or the two arrive together. If one lies down and turns from side to side, with each and every turn one commits an offense. Regarding the fourth phrase, "prāyaścittika": this is the phrase designating the offense. Within this there are two [aspects]: if one lodges in the same room with a woman, with each turn from side to side one commits a prāyaścittika. If one lodges together with a female animal, a human paṇḍaka, or a person with both sexual organs, it is a duṣkṛta. If the bhikṣu lies down all day and the woman stands, it is a duṣkṛta; if the woman sits, one commits a falling offense (prāyaścittika) for [being in] a secluded place. According to both treatises, the Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā and the Samantapāsādikā, if they gather altogether in a hall within the same enclosure, even if they enter and exit, they commit offenses. In the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya, if one sits throughout the night in the room, one does not commit an offense; this must be in a place with many people together where there is light and one does not sleep. The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya says that if there is one room with separate doors and a partition, there is no offense. If during a great assembly one preaches the Dharma through the night, and in the open air there is wind, rain, cold, or snow, and one wishes to enter inside a room, one should sit upright. If one is old or sick and unable to sit, one should set up a partition; one must not use coarse material; it must be as high as the shoulders and armpits, and go down to the ground so that not even a kitten can pass through. If there is no partition, and the woman is trustworthy, one should tell the woman: "You sleep first; I will sit." When the bhikṣu wishes to sleep, he tells her to get up: "I wish to sleep; you must not sleep. If you sleep, you will have no meritorious practice." The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā says that lodging with ten women brings ten falling offenses; with each and every turn, one incurs ten falling offenses each time. In a layperson's house, if one's room is adjacent to a woman's and the door is not closed, it is a duṣkṛta. Among the non-offenses, the Vinaya states: if one previously did not know there was a woman lodging inside the room; if it does not constitute the characteristics of a room; if one is sitting, walking, or sick; if one is thrown in by superior force; if one is bound by someone; or if for the sake of life, the brahma-practice, and so on—in all such cases there is no offense.