四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.12

3.12

若比丘與未受具戒人共宿過二宿至三宿波逸提　此滿足戒本文有四句。一犯人。二未受具人。三共宿過限。四結罪。初句可知。二言未受具人者。除比丘比丘尼餘未受大戒人是。三言共宿者。律云。同室宿有四種。如前所明。於中四句差別。二人一室異。二室一人異。三人室俱一。四人室俱異。此等並是共宿中攝。言過二宿至三宿者是開限律云。共宿至三夜明相未出應起避去。若至第四宿。若自去。若使彼去。若不避明相似應明想出至第四日旦即犯一提。若避明相旦時未犯於第四夜。隨宿轉側一一提罪。今戒本中直對不避明相違法一邊而結故。言過二宿至三宿提。若避明相過三未犯第四夜。祇若三夜犯竟未懺悔。無二夜開隨宿人結罪。若懺竟得開二夜。十誦若通夜坐。若病得與沙彌過宿病人臥者開。餘不病比丘不應臥。四言波逸提者。是犯名。母論云。若至第三夜比丘無去處者不應臥坐。至明相現。若至第四宿。又無去處明相欲現時。若自去。若遣彼去。若不爾者皆犯提罪。若與非人畜生男共過三宿一切吉羅餘不犯緣並同前戒。

"If a bhikṣu lodges together with a person who has not received the upasampadā precepts beyond two nights, up to three nights, it is a prāyaścittika." This complete Prātimokṣa text contains four phrases: first, the person who commits the offense; second, the unordained person; third, lodging together beyond the limit; fourth, declaring the offense. The first phrase is obvious. Regarding the second phrase, "unordained person": except for bhikṣus and bhikṣuṇīs, other persons who have not received the great precepts are this. Regarding the third phrase, "lodging together": the Vinaya states that lodging in the same room has four kinds, as explained previously. Among them there are four permutations: 1. the two persons are the same, but the room is different; 2. the room is the same, but one person is different; 3. both the persons and the room are the same; 4. both the persons and the room are different. All of these are included under lodging together. Regarding "beyond two nights, up to three nights": this is the limit of the permission. The Vinaya states that when lodging together up to the third night, before the break of dawn appears, one should get up and leave to avoid it. If it reaches the fourth night, whether one leaves oneself or sends the other away, if one does not avoid the break of dawn and with the conception that dawn has broken it reaches the dawn of the fourth day, one immediately commits one prāyaścittika. If one avoids the break of dawn, at dawn there is no offense yet; but on the fourth night, with each turn from side to side while lodging, each is a prāyaścittika offense. Now, in the Prātimokṣa text, it is formulated directly against the single side of transgressing the Dharma by not avoiding the break of dawn; hence it says: "exceeding two nights up to three nights is a prāyaścittika." If one avoids the break of dawn, after exceeding three nights one has not committed an offense until the fourth night. The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya states: "If after three nights one has committed the offense and has not yet repented, there is no permission for two nights; the offense is declared according to the person with whom one lodges. If one has finished repenting, one receives permission for two nights." The Sarvāstivāda Vinaya states: "If one sits throughout the night, or if there is illness, one is permitted to exceed the nights of lodging with a śrāmaṇera; permission is granted for a sick person to lie down, but the remaining, non-sick bhikṣus should not lie down." Regarding the fourth phrase, "prāyaścittika": this is the name of the offense. The Vinayamātṛkā states: "If it reaches the third night and the bhikṣu has nowhere to go, he should not lie down, but sit until the break of dawn appears. If it reaches the fourth night and again he has nowhere to go, when the break of dawn is about to appear, he should either leave himself or send the other away. If not, in all cases he commits a prāyaścittika offense. If he exceeds three nights lodging with a male non-human or animal, all are duṣkṛtas." The remaining conditions for non-offense are all identical to the previous precept.