四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.122

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若比丘得新衣應三種壞色一一色中隨意壞若青若黑若木蘭若比丘不以三種壞色若青若黑若木蘭著餘新衣者波逸提　滿足戒本文有三句。一犯人。二得新衣已下教染壞方法。三若比丘以下不壞故違返聖教畜著結罪。辨相中初句可知。二言得新衣應三種壞者。律云。新衣者。若新若初從人得俱名新衣。十誦云。得他故者初得亦名新衣。言三種壞色者。青黑木蘭。三言不以三色壞著新衣波逸提者。是違返聖教結罪句。律云。彼得衣不作三種壞色著者墮。若重衣若輕衣。不作淨而畜者吉羅。若非衣鉢囊及諸巾。不作淨畜者吉羅。謂點色作淨。一切緣身所受用物。皆須作淨而畜。若未染衣寄白衣家者吉羅。准此言淨者。謂以成色衣。或餘物以點著名淨。而並須染壞非謂。二衣須染。餘者但淨而已。若准律文。一切不染皆提。一切不淨皆吉。五分所以作淨者。異外道故。令與俗別作三種記。故失則易覓。多論云。五大色衣不成受。若應量不應量一切不得著。若點著者吉羅。此律犯墮。要三色相現成壞色衣畜者無罪。純色悉犯。祇云。純色不點壞提。著白色衣輕。點淨者不得。並作或一三五七九為點。極大齊四指。極小如豌豆。善見如麻子大。若約四分著白色衣提。不點犯輕。三色之中以一一色壞則成沙門衣。重衣不作淨吉。不得如花形作。浣褺有泥污。鳥足污即名為淨。若新大衣趣一角作。乃至一切衣新細揲亦爾。若眾多碎衣一處合補者。一處作。別者一一作淨。律云。不犯者。若得白衣染作三種色。餘輕重乃至內作淨者不犯。

"If a bhikṣu obtains a new robe, he should apply one of three kinds of disfiguring colors, disfiguring it as he pleases with either blue-green, black, or mangrove bark color. If a bhikṣu, without applying one of the three kinds of disfiguring colors—either blue-green, black, or mangrove bark color—wears another new robe, it is a prāyaścittika." The complete text of the precept has three clauses: 1. The person committing the offense. 2. From "obtains a new robe" onward, the method for dyeing and disfiguring. 3. From "if a bhikṣu" onward, violating the sacred teaching by keeping and wearing [an undyed robe] without disfiguring it, which incurs the offense. In distinguishing the characteristics, the first clause is clear. The second, "obtaining a new robe, he should apply three kinds of disfiguring colors": the Vinaya states that as for a new robe, whether it is brand new or newly acquired from someone, both are called new robes. The Sarvāstivāda Vinaya states: When one obtains another's used robe, upon first obtaining it, it is also called a new robe. The "three kinds of disfiguring colors" are blue-green, black, and mangrove bark color. The third, "wearing a new robe without disfiguring it with the three colors, it is a prāyaścittika": this is the clause setting down the offense for violating the sacred teaching. The Vinaya states: If one obtains a robe and wears it without applying the three kinds of disfiguring colors, it is an offense of falling. Whether a heavy robe or a light robe, keeping it without marking it to render it permissible is a duṣkṛta. If an item other than robes, such as a bowl bag and various towels, is kept without marking it permissible, it is a duṣkṛta. This refers to marking with color to render it permissible; all objects used in connection with the body must be marked permissible and then kept. If one deposits an undyed robe at a layperson's house, it is a duṣkṛta. According to this, "permissible" means that for a robe of completed color, or other articles, applying a mark is called permissible; but they must both be dyed and disfigured, not that the two robes must be dyed while the rest are only marked. According to the Vinaya text, all that are not dyed are prāyaścittikas, and all that are not marked permissible are duṣkṛtas. The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya states that the reason for rendering them permissible is to differ from non-Buddhists; making three kinds of marks distinguishes them from the worldly, so that if lost, they are easy to search for. The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā states: Robes of the five primary colors do not constitute valid ordination [requisites]; whether of proper measure or not of proper measure, none may be worn. If one marks and wears them, it is a duṣkṛta; in this Vinaya, one commits an offense of falling. One must ensure that the marks of the three colors appear, forming a disfigured-color robe, and keeping it is without offense; solid primary colors all incur an offense. The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya states: Solid primary colors not marked and disfigured incur a prāyaścittika; wearing a white robe is light [an offense of duṣkṛta]; those marked to render permissible are not permitted. One may make one, three, five, seven, or nine marks together. The largest is equal to four fingerbreadths; the smallest is like a pea. The Samantapāsādikā says it is as large as a hemp seed. According to the Dharmaguptaka, wearing a white robe is a prāyaścittika, and failing to mark it is a minor offense. If disfigured with any one of the three colors, it becomes a recluse's robe. A heavy robe not marked permissible is a duṣkṛta. It must not be made in the shape of a flower. Stains from mud during washing or bird foot droppings are immediately counted as permissible. For a new great robe, one applies it to one corner; the same applies to all fine new patches of cloth. If many piececloth fragments are stitched together in one place, one marks it in one place; if separate, one marks each permissible individually. The Vinaya states that it is not an offense: if one obtains a white robe and dyes it into the three colors, or for other light and heavy robes down to marking them permissible on the inside, there is no offense.