四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.28

3.28

若比丘嫌罵者波逸提　此滿足本文有三句。一犯人。二罵業。三結犯。初句可知。亦言嫌罵者。律云。嫌者謂面見不聞處謗言有愛有恚有怖有癡等是言罵者背面耳聞不見處而設罵。三言波逸提者。是違犯罪。問。此罵戒何別答。前非知事人。此是知事人。又前戒實不實犯。此戒實不犯虛。律云。若虛嫌罵者墮。嫌罵一一墮。若不受上座教嫌罵者吉羅。律云。不犯者。實有其事。恐後悔悔恨。語令如法發露。便言有愛恚等。若戲若錯說者。並皆不犯。

"If a monk resents or reviles, it is a prāyaścittika." This complete text has three clauses: first, the person who commits the offense; second, the act of reviling; third, the determination of the offense. The first clause is self-evident. As for "resents or reviles," the Vinaya states: "Resents" means slandering in a place where one is seen face-to-face but not heard, saying that [the officer] has favoritism, anger, fear, or delusion, and the like; "reviles" means uttering abuse behind their back in a place where one is heard by the ear but not seen. Third, as for "prāyaścittika," this is the offense of violation. Question: How does this precept on reviling differ [from the earlier one]? Answer: The former person was not a duty-officer; this one is a duty-officer. Furthermore, in the former precept, whether true or untrue, it is an offense; in this precept, if true, it is not an offense, but only if false. The Vinaya states: If one falsely resents or reviles, it is a prāyaścittika; for each resentment or reviling, it is a prāyaścittika. If one refuses the instruction of a senior and resents or reviles, it is a duṣkṛta. The Vinaya states: Non-offenses: the matter actually exists, and fearing that they might later have regret and remorse, one speaks to have them confess according to the Dharma, saying that they have favoritism, anger, and the like; or if spoken in jest or by mistake—none of these constitute an offense.