四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.76

3.76

若比丘非時受食食者波逸提　此滿足戒本文有四句。一犯人。二非時。三食。四結罪。初句可知。二言非時者。從日中乃至明相未出。三言食者。律云。食有二種。佉闍尼食及蒲闍尼食。僧祇云。一五正食。二離正食。枝葉花果細未磨等名佉闍尼。善見云。佉闍尼食者。米麥作飯[麩-夫+少]等是。蒲闍尼者一切菓是。四言波逸提者。是違犯結罪句。故律云。若非時食咽咽墮。若非時漿明相出。若七日藥過七日皆犯。已食過時故。藥過限失受故。若盡形藥無緣限故犯吉羅。律云。不犯者。作黑石蜜和米作法。若有病限藥。時過煮麥令皮不破漉汁飲。若喉中現出還咽不犯。五六病人不及食。腹中空悶聽。以蘇塗身故不差。麵塗身猶故不差。蘇和[麩-夫+少]塗又不差。以湯洗若不差。瓮盛肉汁。坐中如是等足以。至曉一切不得過食。

"If a bhikṣu receives food and eats at an improper time, it is a prāyaścittika." / In this full text of the precept, there are four clauses: first, the offender; second, the improper time; third, eating; fourth, the assignment of the offense. The first clause is clear. Second, "improper time": from midday until the break of dawn has not yet appeared. Third, "food": the Vinaya states: "There are two kinds of food: khādanīya food and bhojanīya food." The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya says: "First, the five principal foods; second, foods other than the principal foods. Branches, leaves, flowers, fruits, and finely ground grains are called khādanīya." The Samantapāsādikā says: "Khādanīya food includes rice and wheat made into cooked rice, parched barley flour, and the like. Bhojanīya is all fruits." Fourth, "prāyaścittika": this is the clause assigning the offense for transgression. Therefore the Vinaya states: "If one eats at an improper time, with each swallow one falls [into an offense]. If it is an improper-time broth and the break of dawn appears, or if it is seven-day medicine exceeding seven days, all constitute offenses." This is because one eats food past the time, and because when medicine exceeds its limit, the reception is lost. If it is lifetime medicine taken without the appropriate conditions, one incurs a duṣkṛta. The Vinaya states: "Regarding non-offense: preparing black rock-sugar mixed with rice as a procedure; if one has an illness requiring limited medicine, when the time has passed, boiling wheat so that the skin does not break and filtering the juice to drink; if [food] comes up in the throat and is swallowed back down, there is no offense. If five or six sick persons miss their meal and their bellies feel empty and faint, it is permitted [to relieve them]: if anointing the body with ghee does not cure it, anointing the body with flour still does not cure it, anointing with ghee mixed with parched barley flour still does not cure it, and washing with hot broth does not cure it, filling a jar with meat broth and having them sit in it—such methods are sufficient; until dawn, one must not eat any past the time."