四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.84

3.84

若比丘外道男外道女自手與食波逸提　此滿足戒本文有四句。一犯人。二所與處。三與葉。四結罪。言比丘者義如上釋。言外道男女者。裸形異學人。此眾外出家者是。言自手與食者。若正非正食。乃至蘇油等不置地。不使人與者名自手與。言波逸提者。是違句。律云。彼若受與者提。若不受吉。五分云。持己食分一揣別著。使自取不得持僧食。若與乞兒狗鳥等。應量己食分多少。然後減不得持分外與。十云。外道伺求長短與食不名污家。多云。與時人見者自與不犯。若僧共與僧食無過。唯不得自手與。律云。不犯者。若置地。若使人與。若與父母外道。若作佛塔僧房人計價與。若勢力強奪。並皆不犯。

"If a bhikṣu gives food with his own hand to a male outsider or a female outsider, it is a prāyaścittika." This complete precept text has four clauses: first, the offender; second, the recipient; third, the act of giving; fourth, the penalty. "Bhikṣu" is explained as above. "Male or female outsider" refers to naked ascetics and practitioners of other schools—those who have left home outside of this Saṅgha. "Giving food with his own hand" means that if one gives staple or non-staple food, down to ghee, oil, etc., without putting it on the ground and without having someone else give it, it is called giving with one's own hand. "Prāyaścittika" is the clause indicating violation. The Vinaya states: If the other receives what is given, it is a prāyaścittika; if not received, a duṣkṛta. The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya states: Taking a mouthful of one's own food portion and placing it separately, let them take it themselves; one must not take Saṅgha food. If giving to beggars, dogs, birds, and the like, one should measure the amount of one's own food portion and only then reduce it; one must not take from outside one's portion to give. The Sarvāstivāda Vinaya states: If an outsider spies looking for faults, giving food is not called corrupting families. The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā states: If seen by people of the time, giving by oneself is not an offense; if the Saṅgha jointly gives Saṅgha food, there is no fault, only that one must not give it with one's own hand. The Vinaya states: Regarding non-offenses: if put on the ground; if having someone else give it; if given to one's outsider parents; if given as wages to workers on Buddha stupas or Saṅgha quarters; or if taken by force—none of these are offenses.