四分戒本疏卷第一．第二．第三 3.84

3.84

"If a bhikṣu gives food with his own hand to a male outsider or a female outsider, it is a prāyaścittika." This complete precept text has four clauses: first, the offender; second, the recipient; third, the act of giving; fourth, the penalty. "Bhikṣu" is explained as above. "Male or female outsider" refers to naked ascetics and practitioners of other schools—those who have left home outside of this Saṅgha. "Giving food with his own hand" means that if one gives staple or non-staple food, down to ghee, oil, etc., without putting it on the ground and without having someone else give it, it is called giving with one's own hand. "Prāyaścittika" is the clause indicating violation. The Vinaya states: If the other receives what is given, it is a prāyaścittika; if not received, a duṣkṛta. The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya states: Taking a mouthful of one's own food portion and placing it separately, let them take it themselves; one must not take Saṅgha food. If giving to beggars, dogs, birds, and the like, one should measure the amount of one's own food portion and only then reduce it; one must not take from outside one's portion to give. The Sarvāstivāda Vinaya states: If an outsider spies looking for faults, giving food is not called corrupting families. The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhāṣā states: If seen by people of the time, giving by oneself is not an offense; if the Saṅgha jointly gives Saṅgha food, there is no fault, only that one must not give it with one's own hand. The Vinaya states: Regarding non-offenses: if put on the ground; if having someone else give it; if given to one's outsider parents; if given as wages to workers on Buddha stupas or Saṅgha quarters; or if taken by force—none of these are offenses.