律戒本疏 1.10

1.10

第六無主自作大房　阿毘羅比丘自作高廣大房。乞求非一。居士所謙。佛已多欲損法。多榮妨學。又外妨難致患非一。因此結戒。令如法如量。要三乞白眾。眾為作白四羯磨。然後得作也。過量不白二俱犯殘。量取內云僧地私地及自錢作皆犯。初論說平地時輕偷。雖小作不乞地犯殘也。難處妨處今悉分別。是舍四邊　一邊內有官地居士地外道地佛地比丘尼地及流水深地深坑大石大樹。是名妨處。妨彼自妨故。以後生難故亦名難處。此處作之二俱重偷。惡蛇惡龍蜈蚣百足諸毒虫處。是名難處。後生難故。自妨妨彼亦名妨處。此處作之亦二俱重偷。是舍四邊。一歸內有蟻子死舉死。是名妨處。二俱妨後亦難起亦名處。是處作之二俱突。或教人作舍已捨。行了後不白過量難處妨處。或未成行還自成亦不如法罪悉如上。若僧地作房。房中間無一歸佛經行路。是亦妨處重偷。若私房後為白衣沙彌作屋。不白重偷為三寶作房。眾和便作不羯磨。為三寶作大乞地不犯。若難妨犯四人偷。買得先成舍。若受施不犯僧殘得突。是過量舍應還僧。不應買買犯突。還已聽懺悔。私房中作閣無犯。先已白故。若僧房中作當白僧。不白突。

Sixth: building a large hut for oneself without an owner. The monk Ābila built a high, wide, and large hut for himself, begging [for materials] repeatedly, which caused householders to complain. The Buddha [determined that] much desire harms the Dharma, much ostentation impedes study, and moreover external obstacles and difficulties bring non-negligible troubles. Therefore, he established the precept requiring it to be built in accordance with the Dharma and within the proper measure, obliging [the monk] to ask and announce [it] three times to the saṃgha, and the saṃgha to perform a motion with three announcements (jñapti-caturtha-karman) for him, after which he may build it. If it exceeds the measure or is not announced, both incur a saṃghāvaśeṣa. Regarding the measurement, it is said that whether it is built on saṃgha land, private land, or with one's own funds, all constitute offenses. The basic treatise explains that when leveling the ground, it is a light sthūlāccaya. Even if it is built small, if the land is not requested [from the saṃgha], it incurs a saṃghāvaśeṣa. Places with difficulties and places with obstacles are now all distinguished: within the four borders of this dwelling, if inside any one border there is official land, householder land, non-Buddhist land, the Buddha's land, bhikṣuṇīs' land, flowing water, deep ground, deep pits, large rocks, or large trees, this is called an 'obstacle place', because it obstructs others and obstructs oneself. Because difficulties will arise later, it is also called a 'difficulty place'. Building in such a place incurs a grave sthūlāccaya for both. A place of venomous snakes, vicious nāgas, centipedes, millipedes, and various poisonous insects is called a 'difficulty place', because difficulties will arise later; and obstructing oneself and others makes it also called an 'obstacle place'. Building in such a place also incurs a grave sthūlāccaya for both. Within the four borders of this dwelling, if inside one cubit there are ant hills, that is called an 'obstacle place'. Since it brings both obstacles and difficulties that arise later, it is also called a '[difficulty] place'. Building in such a place incurs a duṣkṛta for both. If one instructs another to build a dwelling and, having departed, travels, and after it is finished [the other] does not announce it, exceeds the measure, or builds in a place with difficulties or obstacles; or if, before it is completed, [the first monk] travels and returns, and completes it himself, also in discord with the Dharma, the offenses are entirely as above. If one builds a hut on saṃgha land, and in between the huts there is not a one-cubit path for walking meditation dedicated to the Buddha, this is also an obstacle place, incurring a grave sthūlāccaya. If behind a private hut one builds a shelter for white-clothed laymen or novice monks (śrāmaṇera) without announcing it, it is a grave sthūlāccaya. If one builds a hut for the Three Jewels, when the assembly is in harmony they build it directly without a karman. Building a large [dwelling] for the Three Jewels and requesting land incurs no offense. If there are difficulties and obstacles, the four monks commit a sthūlāccaya. If one buys an already completed dwelling, or receives it as a gift, one does not commit a saṃghāvaśeṣa, but incurs a duṣkṛta. Such a dwelling that exceeds the measure should be returned to the saṃgha; one should not buy it, and buying it incurs a duṣkṛta. After returning it, confession is permitted. Building an attic inside a private hut incurs no offense, because it was already announced previously. If one builds it inside a saṃgha hut, one must announce it to the saṃgha; failing to announce it incurs a duṣkṛta.