律戒本疏 1.126

1.126

七十三自手掘地使墮　阿毘羅比丘掘地。外道邪見言。地有命因譏而制。非受邪說。三界護法上已詳之。地有二種。生不生。多雨國八月地生。謂春夏冬有四月也。生謂春末夏初。各有二月也。除是名不生。又頹壚蟻封石底土亦不生地濕相著名生。異是名不生。若自掘若教人掘。一一犯墮。不生地一一犯突。手畫地及至沒芥子。一一犯突。若比丘為師匠欲作佛圖僧房。為畫作摸像處所無犯。又諸出寶處沙鹽之地亦無所犯也。

73. Digging the ground with one's own hand or having it dug is a pāyattika. The monk Ābila dug the ground. Non-Buddhists of heterodox view said that the earth has life; because of their ridicule, the rule was formulated. It was not that [the Buddha] accepted heterodox teachings; protecting the Dharma with respect to the threefold world has already been detailed above. There are two kinds of ground: animate and inanimate. In countries with much rain, the ground is animate for eight months; that is, in spring, summer, and winter there are four months [each]. 'Animate' means the end of spring and the beginning of summer, two months each. Outside of this, it is called inanimate. Furthermore, collapsed mounds, anthills, and earth under stones are also inanimate. When the earth is moist and cohesive, it is called animate; different from this, it is called inanimate. If one digs it oneself or instructs another to dig it, each act is an offense of pāyattika. For inanimate earth, each is a duṣkṛta. Drawing on the ground with one's hand down to the depth of a mustard seed, each is a duṣkṛta. If a monk is a master builder intending to construct a stupa or a monastic dwelling, drawing in order to outline the shapes of the structures is without offense. Furthermore, where gems are extracted, or in places of sand and salt, it is also without offense.