律戒本疏 1.132

1.132

七十九飲酒　沙伽羅六通羅漢降惡龍。已名振諸國競供好食。有一女人。恐食不消。以似水酒蜜與娑伽陀。飲已眠醉。尸臥路中。衣鉢六物星布在地。佛行遇見。因以制戒。以因酒破一切戒作一切惡故。及作四逆唯不能破僧人不信故。見七眾同結記定斯罪。小草微渧亦不得飲。有二種酒。木酒穀酒。穀酒米麴雜種種藥。木酒唯根莖花葉。不雜米麴。有酒色酒味酒香。能醉人者飲之悉墮。若飲若嘗咽咽犯墮。若糟若麴能醉人者食之皆犯墮。咽咽悉皆波逸提也。

79. Drinking alcohol [is a pāyattika]. Sāgata, an arhat with the six supernormal knowledges, subdued an evil dragon. His fame having shaken all the countries, they vied to offer him fine food. There was a woman who, fearing his food would not digest, gave Sāgata liquor mixed with honey that looked like water. Having drunk it, he fell into a drunken sleep, lying like a corpse in the middle of the road, with his robes, bowl, and six personal requisites scattered about like stars on the ground. The Buddha encountered him while walking, and because of this formulated the precept. Because alcohol causes the breaking of all precepts and the committing of all evils, down to committing the four inexpiable sins—failing only to break the Saṃgha because people would not believe [a drunkard]—and seeing that the sevenfold assembly jointly formulated and fixed this offense, one must not drink even a tiny drop on a blade of grass. There are two kinds of alcohol: fermented alcohol and grain alcohol. Grain alcohol is mixed from rice, yeast, and various herbs. Fermented alcohol is made only from roots, stems, flowers, and leaves, without mixing rice and yeast. Whatever has the color of liquor, the taste of liquor, the aroma of liquor, and can intoxicate people, drinking it is in all cases a pāyattika. Whether drinking or tasting, swallow by swallow one incurs a pāyattika. Lees or yeast that can intoxicate people, eating them is in all cases an offense of pāyattika; swallow by swallow, all are pāyattika.