律戒本疏 1.21

1.21

三十事捨墮者　長財宜捨。而罪隧惡道。故名捨墮。捨墮物持現前捨。捨而不實何也。令知非法起慚愧心。則貪心薄也。捨有二種。一施捨。二淨施捨。不淨物應施捨。淨物長應淨施捨。三衣鉢百一法用物非長。不須淨捨。餘一切長悉應淨捨。一肘已下不淨施突。已上墮。綿糸縷三毛捨𥿾不淨捨突。若絹若布時已淨施。後作衣不須淨捨。捨墮衣未截。貿易餘衣。餘衣亦捨墮。若受淨捨人取物用突。應奪取強令悔適。若苦索不還受淨施人犯重。若滿人乃至多人共財不須淨捨。絹布等淨物大比丘邊捨。飯食善沙彌邊淨捨。寶物白衣邊淨捨。後求淨物。僧祇曰。若僧中分物人得一分。要當作同意淨施。若不作犯墮。若二人共得物者。未分時不犯也。

The thirty matters of niḥsargika-pāyattika: Extra possessions should be forfeited, and the offense causes one to fall into evil destinies; hence it is called 'forfeiture and falling' (niḥsargika-pāyattika). The forfeited object must be brought forward and surrendered; why is it surrendered and not retained [by the Saṃgha]? It causes one to realize it is non-Dharmic, to give rise to a mind of shame, and thus greed is diminished. There are two kinds of forfeiture: first, forfeiture by donation; second, forfeiture through vikalpanā. Impure items should be forfeited by donation; extra pure items should be forfeited through vikalpanā. The three robes, the bowl, and the hundred-and-one requisites of the Dharma are not extra items, and do not need to be forfeited through vikalpanā. All other extra items must be forfeited through vikalpanā. [A piece of cloth] of one cubit or less not made into vikalpanā incurs a duṣkṛta; above that, a pāyattika. Cotton, thread, yarn, and the three kinds of wool forfeit […] if not made into vikalpanā, incur a duṣkṛta. If silk or cloth has already been made into vikalpanā, making robes from it later does not require vikalpanā forfeiture. If an unmeasured robe liable to forfeiture is exchanged for another robe, the other robe is also liable to forfeiture. If the recipient of the vikalpanā takes the object and uses it, he incurs a duṣkṛta; one should seize it and compel him to repent. If it is persistently demanded and not returned, the recipient of the vikalpanā commits a grave offense. If it is common property belonging to a full complement of people or many people, it does not need to be forfeited through vikalpanā. Pure objects such as silk and cloth are forfeited before a senior monk; food is forfeited before a virtuous novice; precious objects are forfeited before a white-robed layperson. Afterwards, seek pure objects. The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya states: If the assembly distributes items and each person receives one share, one must make a consented vikalpanā; if one does not, one commits a pāyattika. If two people jointly acquire an item, before it is divided, no offense is committed.