律戒本疏 1.43

1.43

二十二未滿五綴更求新鉢　跋難陀與商人共往至市。市見奸鉢。難陀讚善。商人知意即買與之。因是結戒。不滿五綴不得更求人施得受。受已淨施貪著之人。或壞惡求好。故令五綴。以妨貪著。為綴處木枝滲豆等用意三洗。但令意盡惟不淨無罪。若先無鉢而一時得二鉢得受。受一持一淨捨。若先有更求時突。受時捨墮。若捨時應捨新施眾中捨。眾中捨者令深起慚愧。捨心決定。盛滿中水。次第行之。惡者易之無還。與之所貿之鉢。又盛水行之。盛水行之者不欲令看好故也。亦欲明知滿而人不知名滿。凡與易者其鉢必下。故言與眾中最下鉢者。彼最下鉢與長鉢。比丘以其無足。故以此恥之。若都無人取還與本主。若重勳增色不更受。已勳故油者更受不持。鉢行不失不犯。異國則失也。

Twenty-two: Seeking a new bowl when [the old one] has fewer than five mends. Upananda went together with a merchant to the market. In the market, he saw an exquisite bowl. Upananda praised its excellence; the merchant understood his intention and immediately bought it to give him. On account of this, [the Buddha] formulated the precept: when [a bowl] has fewer than five mends, one must not seek another from someone; if someone gives it, one must not accept it. Having accepted it, it must be assigned (vikalpanā). Greed-attached persons might damage an inferior one to seek a fine one, so five mends were mandated in order to prevent greed and attachment. Where it is mended, one uses wooden splints, seeping beans, and the like, with careful intention, washing it three times; provided that one’s intention is fulfilled, even if it is not clean, there is no offense. If one previously had no bowl and receives two bowls at one time, one may accept them: keep one, and assign (vikalpanā) and forfeit the other. If one already had one and seeks another: at the time of seeking, a duṣkṛta; at the time of receiving, a forfeiture and pāyattika. When forfeiting, one should forfeit the newly given one in the assembly. Forfeiting it in the assembly is to cause deep shame and remorse to arise and make the mind of forfeiture resolute. Fill it full of water and pass it around in order; if someone with an inferior one exchanges it, do not return it, but give him the bowl traded for; then fill that with water and pass it around. The reason for filling it with water and passing it around is that one does not want [monks] to inspect whether it is fine, and also to make it clearly known to be full without people having to wonder whether it is full. Whoever exchanges with it will certainly have an inferior bowl; hence it is said, 'give it to the one in the assembly who has the most inferior bowl.' That most inferior bowl is given to the monk with the extra bowl; because he was insatiable, he is shamed in this way. If no one at all takes it, it is returned to the original owner. If repeatedly smoked, its color is enhanced, but it must not be re-consecrated. For an already smoked and thus oiled one, it is re-consecrated but not kept. If one travels with the bowl without losing it, there is no offense; in another country, it is forfeited.