律戒本疏 1.55

1.55

第二毀呰語　姓有四種。一劫初帝王種。二波羅門。初時修梵行者也。三名毘舍。貴族及中間姓常前謂居士。四者首陀羅。下雜姓也。此四種人出家受戒。六群恚恨作八種毀呰。八種者種伎作犯病相煩惱罵。語前三種姓云。如是種何用出家受戒。為輕毀心故一一語突。語下雜姓一一語犯墮。以慚恥深故語前三種姓言。如應學伎術作。汝所作何用出家受戒。為一一語突。語下雜姓一一語犯墮也。解已更說解者犯墮。若不解突。語四種人言。汝是犯後四篇戒。如是惡病相。如是重煩惱。如是二種惡罵人。何用出家受戒。為又作出家在家罵法。以毀呰之。於彼四姓一一毀中一一犯墮。八種之外更以餘事毀大比丘者突。若以八事毀呰沙彌白衣非人畜生悉突。若如實毀呰。毀呰而非妄語。毀而不實。是毀呰妄語也。

Second: Derisive speech.
There are four kinds of social classes (varṇa): first, the royal class of the beginning of the kalpa; second, brāhmaṇas, those who initially cultivated pure conduct (brahmacarya); third, vaiśyas, noble clans and intermediate lineages, commonly called householders; fourth, śūdras, the lower mixed lineages. When people of these four kinds went forth and received the precepts, the ṣaḍvargika monks became resentful and made eight kinds of derision. The eight kinds are: caste, skills, crafts, offenses, illnesses, physical characteristics, afflictions, and insults. If one says to the former three classes: 'Why should someone of such a caste go forth and receive the precepts?', because of a contemptuous mind each utterance is a duṣkṛta. If spoken to the lower mixed lineages, each utterance is an offense of pāyattika, because their sense of shame is deep. If one says to the former three classes: 'With the arts, skills, and crafts you ought to study, why should you go forth and receive the precepts?', each utterance is a duṣkṛta. If spoken to the lower mixed lineages, each utterance is an offense of pāyattika. If [the listener] understands and one says it again, to one who understands it is an offense of pāyattika; if they do not understand, it is a duṣkṛta. If one says to any of the four kinds of people: 'You have committed offenses in the latter four sections of precepts; you have such foul illnesses and characteristics; you have such heavy afflictions; you are such a foul, insulting person—why should you go forth and receive the precepts?', and further uses the abusive methods of those who have gone forth or householders to revile them: in deriding each of those four classes, each insult constitutes an offense of pāyattika. Deriding a senior monk with matters other than these eight is a duṣkṛta. If one uses the eight matters to deride a novice (śrāmaṇera), a white-robed layperson, an amānuṣa, or an animal, all are duṣkṛtas. If one derides them according to reality, it is derisive speech and not lying speech; if one derides them without truth, it is derisive lying speech.