律戒本疏 1.86

1.86

三十三到白衣家自恣多與若餅若[麩-夫+少]　若復二三鉢應受。受已出外應與餘善比丘。胡本中無善字也。波羅門女出適暫歸家為作餅[麩-夫+少]。欲送還失跌。難陀知三四弟子悉乞持去。乃至三作三索令盡。夫嫌遲絕昏更趣。爾時呵嘖而未結戒。又復一時吉星出日。商人來期。期共採寶。波難陀龍一商人取[麩-夫+少]令盡。失伴被劫為賊所害。以二緣結戒。故言。若餅若[麩-夫+少]凡有三種鉢。聽稱食畜。一分羹二分飯。上鉢三升。中鉢二升。下鉢一升。滅此非法。天竺國法為乞人作分。或三升或四升。故佛聽上鉢取一。中鉢取二。下鉢取三。故言二三鉢。此謂二三人共俱乞食。故因為限。過是犯墮。取以計長應與餘比丘。又應量主人有無取定。而已過亦墮。後有人來應外與之。若不分與應語言。我於施主已取爾許。爾許在。若悉取應語言。我已盡取。汝勿復入。若不分而不語突。若前已語而後人猶入。入者犯突。若不長不分無罪。但應語後令知。律云。上鉢受三升。飯一升羹半餘可食物。而律師云。鉢正受三升。以飯虛足容羹等。故中下鉢亦應如是知之也。

Thirty-three: Going to a layperson's house and accepting as much cake or parched grain as they unrestrainedly give. If there are another two or three bowls, one should accept them; having accepted them, one should go outside and give them to other good monks. (In the Indian text there is no word for "good".) A Brahmin woman had married out and temporarily returned home to make cakes and parched grain for [her relatives]; wishing to send them back, she stumbled and fell. Nanda knew this, and all three or four of his disciples begged for them and carried them away, up to three times making and three times demanding them until they were exhausted. The husband resented the delay and severed the marriage, going to another woman. At that time [the Buddha] rebuked them, but had not yet formulated the precept. Furthermore, at another time on the day when an auspicious constellation appeared, merchants made an appointment to gather jewels together. Upananda urged a merchant to take parched grain until it was exhausted; [the merchant] lost his companions, was robbed, and was harmed by bandits. Because of these two causes, [the Buddha] formulated the precept. Therefore it says: "Whether cakes or parched grain..." In general, there are three sizes of bowls permitted to be kept according to the food: one part soup and two parts boiled rice. The upper bowl holds three sheng, the middle bowl holds two sheng, and the lower bowl holds one sheng. To deviate from this is contrary to Dharma. The custom in India is to prepare portions for beggars of either three sheng or four sheng. Therefore the Buddha permitted one [portion] to be taken in the upper bowl, two in the middle bowl, and three in the lower bowl; hence it says "two or three bowls." This means that two or three persons go together to beg for food, and therefore a limit was established accordingly. Exceeding this is an offense of pāyattika. What is taken should be calculated as an excess and given to other monks. Furthermore, one should measure whether the host has [enough] or not and take a fixed amount; if one exceeds it, that too is a pāyattika. If another person comes later, one should give it to him outside. If one does not divide and give it, one should tell him: "I have already taken so much from the donor, and so much remains." If one has taken all, one should tell him: "I have already taken everything; do not enter again." If one does not divide it and does not tell him, it is a duṣkṛta. If the former has already told him and the latter still enters, the one who enters incurs a duṣkṛta. If it is not in excess and is not divided, there is no offense, but one should simply inform the one who comes later to let him know. The Vinaya says: "The upper bowl holds three sheng: one sheng of boiled rice, half a sheng of soup, and the rest for other edible things." But the Vinaya master says: "The bowl holds exactly three sheng; because boiled rice is loose and airy, it has enough room to contain the soup and the rest." Therefore the middle and lower bowls should also be understood in this way.