佛說佛名經 23.8

23.8

"Disciples, having together confessed the three physical karmas, we shall now in turn confess the four evil karmas of speech. A sūtra states: 'The sins of vocal karma can cause sentient beings to fall into the hells and the hungry ghosts to undergo suffering; if in the animals, they take the forms of owls, horned owls, or vultures, whose cries none hear without detestation. If born among humans, their breath is constantly foul, none believe or accept whatever they say, and their family members are discordant and constantly fond of quarreling.' Since vocal karma has such evil retributions as these, therefore, disciples, today with utmost sincerity take refuge in the Buddha!