Puggalapannatti 2.1: 1. Ekakapuggalapaññatti

And what person is temporarily liberated?

1. What sort of person is one emancipated at times?

Here a certain person, from time to time, on occasions, having touched the eight liberations with the body, dwells [therein], and having seen with wisdom, some of his influxes are destroyed—

Here a person goes on experiencing the eight stages of emancipation from time to time, and he having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed. Such a person is said to be emancipated at times.

this person is called 'temporarily liberated'.

Here a person goes on experiencing the eight stages of emancipation from time to time, and he having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed. Such a person is said to be emancipated at times.

And what person is inviolably liberated?

2. What sort of person is one emancipated not (only) at times?

Here a certain person does not indeed, from time to time, on occasions, having touched the eight liberations with the body, dwell [therein], but having seen with wisdom, his influxes are destroyed—

Here a person goes on experiencing the eight stages of emancipation though not from time to time, and he having seen them through insight, his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed. Such a person is said to be emancipated not (only) at times. Indeed, all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are so emancipated in matters of the higher emancipation.

this person is called 'inviolably liberated'.

Here a person goes on experiencing the eight stages of emancipation though not from time to time, and he having seen them through insight, his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed. Such a person is said to be emancipated not (only) at times. Indeed, all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are so emancipated in matters of the higher emancipation.

Also, all noble persons in the noble liberations are inviolably liberated.

Here a person goes on experiencing the eight stages of emancipation though not from time to time, and he having seen them through insight, his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed. Such a person is said to be emancipated not (only) at times. Indeed, all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are so emancipated in matters of the higher emancipation.

And what person is of liable-to-shake nature?

3. What sort of person is one of perturbable nature?

Here a certain person is an obtainer of meditative attainments accompanied by form or accompanied by formlessness.

Here a person obtains the attainments (of ecstatic trance) whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into, nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is this possibility that indolence coming over him should perturb those attainments. Such a person is said to be of perturbable nature.

Yet he does not obtain them at will, does not obtain them without difficulty, does not obtain them without trouble;

Here a person obtains the attainments (of ecstatic trance) whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into, nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is this possibility that indolence coming over him should perturb those attainments. Such a person is said to be of perturbable nature.

he does not attain nor emerge where he wishes, what he wishes, as long as he wishes.

Here a person obtains the attainments (of ecstatic trance) whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into, nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is this possibility that indolence coming over him should perturb those attainments. Such a person is said to be of perturbable nature.

The possibility indeed exists that, due to negligence, this person's meditative attainments might shake—

Here a person obtains the attainments (of ecstatic trance) whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into, nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is this possibility that indolence coming over him should perturb those attainments. Such a person is said to be of perturbable nature.

this person is called 'of liable-to-shake nature'.

Here a person obtains the attainments (of ecstatic trance) whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into, nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is this possibility that indolence coming over him should perturb those attainments. Such a person is said to be of perturbable nature.

And what person is of unshakeable nature?

4. What sort of person is one of imperturbable nature?

Here a certain person is an obtainer of meditative attainments accompanied by form or accompanied by formlessness.

Here a person obtains the attainment (of ecstatic trance) whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely obtains them as he desires, without difficulty or toil, and he gets into and gets up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is no occasion and there is no opening that indolence coming over him should perturb the attainments of that person. Such a person is said to be of imperturbable nature. Indeed, all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are of imperturbable nature in matters of Ariyan emancipation.

And he obtains them at will, without difficulty, without trouble;

Here a person obtains the attainment (of ecstatic trance) whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely obtains them as he desires, without difficulty or toil, and he gets into and gets up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is no occasion and there is no opening that indolence coming over him should perturb the attainments of that person. Such a person is said to be of imperturbable nature. Indeed, all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are of imperturbable nature in matters of Ariyan emancipation.

he enters into them and emerges from them wherever he wants, whatever he wants, and for as long as he wants.

Here a person obtains the attainment (of ecstatic trance) whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely obtains them as he desires, without difficulty or toil, and he gets into and gets up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is no occasion and there is no opening that indolence coming over him should perturb the attainments of that person. Such a person is said to be of imperturbable nature. Indeed, all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are of imperturbable nature in matters of Ariyan emancipation.

It is impossible and out of the question that on account of negligence those attainments could be shaken for that person—

Here a person obtains the attainment (of ecstatic trance) whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely obtains them as he desires, without difficulty or toil, and he gets into and gets up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is no occasion and there is no opening that indolence coming over him should perturb the attainments of that person. Such a person is said to be of imperturbable nature. Indeed, all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are of imperturbable nature in matters of Ariyan emancipation.

this person is called “of unshakeable nature”.

Here a person obtains the attainment (of ecstatic trance) whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely obtains them as he desires, without difficulty or toil, and he gets into and gets up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is no occasion and there is no opening that indolence coming over him should perturb the attainments of that person. Such a person is said to be of imperturbable nature. Indeed, all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are of imperturbable nature in matters of Ariyan emancipation.

All noble persons are also of unshakeable nature regarding noble liberations.

Here a person obtains the attainment (of ecstatic trance) whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely obtains them as he desires, without difficulty or toil, and he gets into and gets up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is no occasion and there is no opening that indolence coming over him should perturb the attainments of that person. Such a person is said to be of imperturbable nature. Indeed, all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are of imperturbable nature in matters of Ariyan emancipation.

And what person is liable to fall away?

5. What sort of person is one of fallible nature?

Here a certain person obtains the attainments accompanied by form or accompanied by the formless.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely does not obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is this possibility that indolence coming over him should cause him to give up his attainments. Such a person is said to be of fallible nature.

And he does not obtain them at will, nor without difficulty, nor without trouble;

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely does not obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is this possibility that indolence coming over him should cause him to give up his attainments. Such a person is said to be of fallible nature.

he does not enter into them and emerge from them wherever he wants, whatever he wants, and for as long as he wants.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely does not obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is this possibility that indolence coming over him should cause him to give up his attainments. Such a person is said to be of fallible nature.

The possibility exists that on account of negligence that person would fall away from those attainments—

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely does not obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is this possibility that indolence coming over him should cause him to give up his attainments. Such a person is said to be of fallible nature.

this person is called “liable to fall away”.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely does not obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; there is this possibility that indolence coming over him should cause him to give up his attainments. Such a person is said to be of fallible nature.

And what person is not liable to fall away?

6. What sort of person is one of infallible nature?

Here a certain person obtains the attainments accompanied by form or accompanied by the formless.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely obtains them as he desires without difficulty and without toil, and he gets into and gets up from them where, when, and as long as he desires; there is no occasion and there is no opening that indolence coming over him should cause him to give up his attainments. Such a person is said to be of infallible nature. Indeed all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are of infallible nature in matters of Ariyan emancipation.

And he obtains them at will, without difficulty, without trouble;

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely obtains them as he desires without difficulty and without toil, and he gets into and gets up from them where, when, and as long as he desires; there is no occasion and there is no opening that indolence coming over him should cause him to give up his attainments. Such a person is said to be of infallible nature. Indeed all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are of infallible nature in matters of Ariyan emancipation.

he enters into them and emerges from them wherever he wants, whatever he wants, and for as long as he wants.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely obtains them as he desires without difficulty and without toil, and he gets into and gets up from them where, when, and as long as he desires; there is no occasion and there is no opening that indolence coming over him should cause him to give up his attainments. Such a person is said to be of infallible nature. Indeed all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are of infallible nature in matters of Ariyan emancipation.

It is impossible and out of the question that on account of negligence that person would fall away from those attainments—

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely obtains them as he desires without difficulty and without toil, and he gets into and gets up from them where, when, and as long as he desires; there is no occasion and there is no opening that indolence coming over him should cause him to give up his attainments. Such a person is said to be of infallible nature. Indeed all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are of infallible nature in matters of Ariyan emancipation.

this person is called “not liable to fall away”.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely obtains them as he desires without difficulty and without toil, and he gets into and gets up from them where, when, and as long as he desires; there is no occasion and there is no opening that indolence coming over him should cause him to give up his attainments. Such a person is said to be of infallible nature. Indeed all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are of infallible nature in matters of Ariyan emancipation.

All noble persons are also not liable to fall away regarding noble liberations.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he surely obtains them as he desires without difficulty and without toil, and he gets into and gets up from them where, when, and as long as he desires; there is no occasion and there is no opening that indolence coming over him should cause him to give up his attainments. Such a person is said to be of infallible nature. Indeed all persons who are Ariyas (noble or elect) are of infallible nature in matters of Ariyan emancipation.

And what person is capable through volition?

7. What sort of person is he who is competent in will?

Here a certain person obtains the attainments accompanied by form or accompanied by the formless.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; if he follows this up by willing (not to fall away), he does not fall away from those attainments, if he does not so will, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person who is competent in will.

And he does not obtain them at will, nor without difficulty, nor without trouble;

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; if he follows this up by willing (not to fall away), he does not fall away from those attainments, if he does not so will, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person who is competent in will.

he does not enter into them and emerge from them wherever he wants, whatever he wants, and for as long as he wants.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; if he follows this up by willing (not to fall away), he does not fall away from those attainments, if he does not so will, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person who is competent in will.

If he keeps intending, he does not fall away from those attainments.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; if he follows this up by willing (not to fall away), he does not fall away from those attainments, if he does not so will, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person who is competent in will.

If he does not keep intending, he falls away from those attainments—

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; if he follows this up by willing (not to fall away), he does not fall away from those attainments, if he does not so will, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person who is competent in will.

this person is called “capable through volition”.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty, nor without toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; if he follows this up by willing (not to fall away), he does not fall away from those attainments, if he does not so will, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person who is competent in will.

And what person is capable through guarding?

8. What sort of person is he who is competent in watchfulness?

Here a certain person obtains the attainments accompanied by form or accompanied by the formless.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty or toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; if he is watchful, he does not fall away from those attainments; if he is not watchful, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person who is competent in watchfulness.

And he does not obtain them at will, nor without difficulty, nor without trouble;

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty or toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; if he is watchful, he does not fall away from those attainments; if he is not watchful, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person who is competent in watchfulness.

he does not enter into them and emerge from them wherever he wants, whatever he wants, and for as long as he wants.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty or toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; if he is watchful, he does not fall away from those attainments; if he is not watchful, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person who is competent in watchfulness.

If he guards [them], he does not fall away from those attainments.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty or toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; if he is watchful, he does not fall away from those attainments; if he is not watchful, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person who is competent in watchfulness.

If he does not guard [them], he falls away from those attainments—

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty or toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; if he is watchful, he does not fall away from those attainments; if he is not watchful, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person who is competent in watchfulness.

this person is called “capable through guarding”.

Here a person obtains the attainments whether accompanied by an idea of form or by an idea of formlessness, and he does not surely obtain them as he desires, nor without difficulty or toil, neither does he get into nor get up from them where he desires, when he desires, and as long as he desires; if he is watchful, he does not fall away from those attainments; if he is not watchful, he does fall away from them. Such a person is said to be a person who is competent in watchfulness.

And what person is a worldling?

9. What sort of person is said to be an average person?

A person whose three fetters are not abandoned,

The person whose three fetters have not been put away and who is not proceeding to put these away—such a person is said to be an average person.

and who is not practicing for the abandoning of those states—

The person whose three fetters have not been put away and who is not proceeding to put these away—such a person is said to be an average person.

this person is called a “worldling”.

The person whose three fetters have not been put away and who is not proceeding to put these away—such a person is said to be an average person.

And what person is one mature in lineage?

10. What sort of person is one become of the Ariya family?

Endowed with those states immediately after which occurs the descent into the noble state—

The person who is endowed with those conditions immediately after which there is the advent of the Ariyan (noble or elect) nature is said to be one become of the Ariya family.

this person is called “one mature in lineage”.

The person who is endowed with those conditions immediately after which there is the advent of the Ariyan (noble or elect) nature is said to be one become of the Ariya family.

And what person is one restrained through fear?

11 and 12. What sort of person is restrained by fear?

The seven trainees are restrained through fear, as well as those worldlings who are virtuous.

The seven (kinds of) learners are restrained by fear and those average persons who observe the precepts: the Arahants are not restrained by fear.

The worthy one is not restrained through fear.

The seven (kinds of) learners are restrained by fear and those average persons who observe the precepts: the Arahants are not restrained by fear.

And what person is one incapable of progress?

13. What sort of person is incapable of progress?

Those persons who are endowed with the obstruction of kamma, endowed with the obstruction of defilements, endowed with the obstruction of result, lacking faith, lacking desire, unwise, dull-witted, incapable of descending into the certainty, the correctness in wholesome states—

The persons who are covered with the veil of karma, covered with the veil of evil passions, covered with the veil of the consequences (thereof), who are devoid of faith, wanting in desire, are foolish, stupid, incapable of walking along what is recognised to be the true path in regard to things that are good: these persons are said to be incapable of progress.

these persons are called “incapable of progress”.

The persons who are covered with the veil of karma, covered with the veil of evil passions, covered with the veil of the consequences (thereof), who are devoid of faith, wanting in desire, are foolish, stupid, incapable of walking along what is recognised to be the true path in regard to things that are good: these persons are said to be incapable of progress.

And what person is one capable of progress?

14. What sort of person is capable of progress?

Those persons who are not endowed with the obstruction of kamma, not endowed with the obstruction of defilements, not endowed with the obstruction of result, possessing faith, possessing desire, wise, not dull-witted, capable of descending into the certainty, the correctness in wholesome states—

The persons who are not covered with the veil of karma, not covered with the veil of evil passions, not covered with the veil of the consequences (thereof), who have faith, who have desire, are wise, capable of walking along what is recognised to be the true path in regard to things that are good: these persons are said to be capable of progress.

these persons are called “capable of progress”.

The persons who are not covered with the veil of karma, not covered with the veil of evil passions, not covered with the veil of the consequences (thereof), who have faith, who have desire, are wise, capable of walking along what is recognised to be the true path in regard to things that are good: these persons are said to be capable of progress.

And what person is destined?

15 and 16. What sort of person is one with determined destiny?

Five persons [destined for] immediate [retribution] and those with wrong views are destined, and eight noble persons are destined.

Five (types of) persons (going forward to) hell and those who hold erroneous views are persons with determined destiny. Eight (types of) noble persons are persons with determined destiny. The remaining persons are with undetermined destiny.

The remaining persons are undestined.

Five (types of) persons (going forward to) hell and those who hold erroneous views are persons with determined destiny. Eight (types of) noble persons are persons with determined destiny. The remaining persons are with undetermined destiny.

And what person is one practicing for the path?

17 and 18. What sort of person is a path-walker?

Four persons endowed with the path are practicing for the path; four persons endowed with the fruit are established in the fruit.

The four persons who possess the path are path-walkers. The four persons who possess the fruition stage are established in the fruition.

And what person is an equal-headed one?

19. What sort of person is he who is “equal-headed”?

A person whose exhaustion of the influxes and exhaustion of life take place neither before nor after—

The person in whose case no sooner does the termination of sinful tendencies take place than the life terminates. Such a person is said to be one who is “equal-headed”.

this person is called an “equal-headed one”.

The person in whose case no sooner does the termination of sinful tendencies take place than the life terminates. Such a person is said to be one who is “equal-headed”.

And what person is an aeon-stayer?

20. What sort of person is one for whom an aeon endures?

If this person were practicing for the realization of the fruit of stream-entry, and it were the time of the burning of the aeon, the aeon would not burn up for so long as this person does not realize the fruit of stream-entry.

Should such a person strive for realisation of the fruition stage of a stream-attainer, and should it then be the time for the conflagration of the existing aeon, the aeon must not be burnt up until this person realises the desired state: this person is said to be one for whom an aeon endures.

This person is called an “aeon-stayer”.

Should such a person strive for realisation of the fruition stage of a stream-attainer, and should it then be the time for the conflagration of the existing aeon, the aeon must not be burnt up until this person realises the desired state: this person is said to be one for whom an aeon endures.

All persons endowed with the path are aeon-stayers.

All persons who possess the path are such.

Katamo ca puggalo ariyo?

21 and 22. What sort of person is an Ariya?

Aṭṭha ariyapuggalā ariyā.

The eight (types of) Ariyan persons are the Ariyas. The remaining persons are not Ariyas.

Avasesā puggalā anariyā.

The eight (types of) Ariyan persons are the Ariyas. The remaining persons are not Ariyas.

Katamo ca puggalo sekkho?

23–25. What sort of person is a learner?

Cattāro maggasamaṅgino tayo phalasamaṅgino puggalā “sekkhā”.

The four persons who possess the path and the three persons who possess the fruition are learners. Arahants are non-learners; the remaining persons are neither learners nor non-learners.

Arahā asekkho.

The four persons who possess the path and the three persons who possess the fruition are learners. Arahants are non-learners; the remaining persons are neither learners nor non-learners.

Avasesā puggalā nevasekkhanāsekkhā.

The four persons who possess the path and the three persons who possess the fruition are learners. Arahants are non-learners; the remaining persons are neither learners nor non-learners.

Katamo ca puggalo tevijjo?

26. What sort of person is a master of threefold lore?

Tīhi vijjāhi samannāgato puggalo “tevijjo”.

A person having three vijjas is a person endowed with the threefold lore.

Katamo ca puggalo chaḷabhiñño?

27. What sort of person is a possessor of the six super-knowledges?

Chahi abhiññāhi samannāgato puggalo “chaḷabhiñño”.

A person having these is a person endowed with six super-knowledges (supernormal exercise of thought and will).

Katamo ca puggalo sammāsambuddho?

28. What sort of person is a Perfectly Enlightened One?

Idhekacco puggalo pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhati;

Here a certain person who himself thoroughly understands the truths in regard to doctrines unheard of before, and attains omniscience therein, as well as mastery over the fruitions—this sort of person is said to be a Perfectly Enlightened One.

tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇāti, balesu ca vasībhāvaṃ—

Here a certain person who himself thoroughly understands the truths in regard to doctrines unheard of before, and attains omniscience therein, as well as mastery over the fruitions—this sort of person is said to be a Perfectly Enlightened One.

ayaṃ vuccati puggalo “sammāsambuddho”.

Here a certain person who himself thoroughly understands the truths in regard to doctrines unheard of before, and attains omniscience therein, as well as mastery over the fruitions—this sort of person is said to be a Perfectly Enlightened One.

Katamo ca puggalo paccekasambuddho?

29. What sort of person is enlightened for himself?

Idhekacco puggalo pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhati;

Here a person himself thoroughly understands the truths in regard to doctrines unheard of before, but attains neither omniscience nor mastery over the fruitions thereof—this sort of person is said to be one enlightened for himself.

na ca tattha sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇāti, na ca balesu vasībhāvaṃ—

Here a person himself thoroughly understands the truths in regard to doctrines unheard of before, but attains neither omniscience nor mastery over the fruitions thereof—this sort of person is said to be one enlightened for himself.

ayaṃ vuccati puggalo “paccekasambuddho”.

Here a person himself thoroughly understands the truths in regard to doctrines unheard of before, but attains neither omniscience nor mastery over the fruitions thereof—this sort of person is said to be one enlightened for himself.

Katamo ca puggalo ubhatobhāgavimutto?

30. What sort of person is emancipated in both ways?

Idhekacco puggalo aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati;

Here a person goes on himself experiencing the eight stages of emancipation, and having seen them through insight, his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed. This sort of person is said to be emancipated in both ways .

paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti—

Here a person goes on himself experiencing the eight stages of emancipation, and having seen them through insight, his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed. This sort of person is said to be emancipated in both ways .

ayaṃ vuccati puggalo “ubhatobhāgavimutto”.

Here a person goes on himself experiencing the eight stages of emancipation, and having seen them through insight, his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed. This sort of person is said to be emancipated in both ways .

Katamo ca puggalo paññāvimutto?

31. What sort of person is emancipated by way of insight?

Idhekacco puggalo na heva kho aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati;

Here a person without experiencing the eight stages of emancipation but having perceived them through insight, has his sinful tendencies completely destroyed. This sort of person is said to be emancipated by insight.

paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti.

Here a person without experiencing the eight stages of emancipation but having perceived them through insight, has his sinful tendencies completely destroyed. This sort of person is said to be emancipated by insight.

Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo “paññāvimutto”.

Here a person without experiencing the eight stages of emancipation but having perceived them through insight, has his sinful tendencies completely destroyed. This sort of person is said to be emancipated by insight.

Katamo ca puggalo kāyasakkhī?

32. What sort of person is an “eye-witness”?

Idhekacco puggalo aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati;

Here when a person lives experiencing the eight stages of emancipation and having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed. This sort of person is said to be an “eye-witness”.

paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti.

Here when a person lives experiencing the eight stages of emancipation and having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed. This sort of person is said to be an “eye-witness”.

Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo “kāyasakkhī”.

Here when a person lives experiencing the eight stages of emancipation and having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed. This sort of person is said to be an “eye-witness”.

Katamo ca puggalo diṭṭhippatto?

33. What sort of person is one who has won vision?

Idhekacco puggalo “idaṃ dukkhan”ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, “ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo”ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, “ayaṃ dukkhanirodho”ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, “ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā”ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.

Here a man truly understands that this is suffering, that this is the genesis of suffering, that this is the cessation of suffering, and that this is the path leading to the cessation of suffering. The doctrines promulgated by the Tathāgata are perceived by him through insight as well as practised; and having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely extinct. This sort of person is said to be one who has won vision.

Tathāgatappaveditā cassa dhammā paññāya vodiṭṭhā honti vocaritā.

Here a man truly understands that this is suffering, that this is the genesis of suffering, that this is the cessation of suffering, and that this is the path leading to the cessation of suffering. The doctrines promulgated by the Tathāgata are perceived by him through insight as well as practised; and having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely extinct. This sort of person is said to be one who has won vision.

Paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti—

Here a man truly understands that this is suffering, that this is the genesis of suffering, that this is the cessation of suffering, and that this is the path leading to the cessation of suffering. The doctrines promulgated by the Tathāgata are perceived by him through insight as well as practised; and having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely extinct. This sort of person is said to be one who has won vision.

ayaṃ vuccati puggalo “diṭṭhippatto”.

Here a man truly understands that this is suffering, that this is the genesis of suffering, that this is the cessation of suffering, and that this is the path leading to the cessation of suffering. The doctrines promulgated by the Tathāgata are perceived by him through insight as well as practised; and having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely extinct. This sort of person is said to be one who has won vision.

Katamo ca puggalo saddhāvimutto?

34. What sort of person is emancipated by faith?

Idhekacco puggalo “idaṃ dukkhan”ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, “ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo”ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, “ayaṃ dukkhanirodho”ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, “ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā”ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.

Here a person truly understands that this is suffering, that this is the genesis of suffering, that this is the cessation of suffering, and that this is the path leading to the cessation of suffering. The doctrines promulgated by the Tathāgata are perceived by him through insight as well as practised, and having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed, though not in the same way as in the case of one who has won vision. This sort of person is said to be one emancipated by faith.

Tathāgatappaveditā cassa dhammā paññāya vodiṭṭhā honti vocaritā.

Here a person truly understands that this is suffering, that this is the genesis of suffering, that this is the cessation of suffering, and that this is the path leading to the cessation of suffering. The doctrines promulgated by the Tathāgata are perceived by him through insight as well as practised, and having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed, though not in the same way as in the case of one who has won vision. This sort of person is said to be one emancipated by faith.

Paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti, no ca kho yathā diṭṭhippattassa—

Here a person truly understands that this is suffering, that this is the genesis of suffering, that this is the cessation of suffering, and that this is the path leading to the cessation of suffering. The doctrines promulgated by the Tathāgata are perceived by him through insight as well as practised, and having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed, though not in the same way as in the case of one who has won vision. This sort of person is said to be one emancipated by faith.

ayaṃ vuccati puggalo “saddhāvimutto”.

Here a person truly understands that this is suffering, that this is the genesis of suffering, that this is the cessation of suffering, and that this is the path leading to the cessation of suffering. The doctrines promulgated by the Tathāgata are perceived by him through insight as well as practised, and having seen them through insight, some of his sinful tendencies are completely destroyed, though not in the same way as in the case of one who has won vision. This sort of person is said to be one emancipated by faith.

Katamo ca puggalo dhammānusārī?

35. What sort of person is “one conforming to the Norm”?

Yassa puggalassa sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipannassa paññindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, paññāvāhiṃ paññāpubbaṅgamaṃ ariyamaggaṃ bhāveti—

The faculty of insight of a person proceeding to realise the fruition stage of “stream-attainer” develops to a large extent; he cultivates the Noble Path carrying with it insight, preceded by insight—this sort of person is said to be one conforming to the Norm. Such a person practising the fruition stage of a stream-attaining is one conforming to the Norm, while the same person established in the fruition is one who has won vision.

ayaṃ vuccati puggalo “dhammānusārī”.

The faculty of insight of a person proceeding to realise the fruition stage of “stream-attainer” develops to a large extent; he cultivates the Noble Path carrying with it insight, preceded by insight—this sort of person is said to be one conforming to the Norm. Such a person practising the fruition stage of a stream-attaining is one conforming to the Norm, while the same person established in the fruition is one who has won vision.

Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno puggalo dhammānusārī phale ṭhito diṭṭhippatto.

The faculty of insight of a person proceeding to realise the fruition stage of “stream-attainer” develops to a large extent; he cultivates the Noble Path carrying with it insight, preceded by insight—this sort of person is said to be one conforming to the Norm. Such a person practising the fruition stage of a stream-attaining is one conforming to the Norm, while the same person established in the fruition is one who has won vision.

Katamo ca puggalo saddhānusārī?

36. What sort of person is “one conforming by faith”?

Yassa puggalassa sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipannassa saddhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, saddhāvāhiṃ saddhāpubbaṅgamaṃ ariyamaggaṃ bhāveti—

The believing faculty of one proceeding to realise the fruition stage of a stream-attainer develops to a large extent. He cultivates the Noble Path carrying with it faith, preceded by faith—this sort of person is said to be one conforming by faith. Such a person striving after the fruition stage of stream-attaining is one conforming by faith, while the same person established in the fruition is emancipated by faith.