The Institutes of Akbar 110: AIN 61. · THE CAMEL STABLES.

110

From the time His Majesty paid regard to the affairs of the state, he has shewn a great liking for this curiously shaped animal; and as it is of great use for the three branches of the government, and well known to the emperor for its patience under burdens, and for its contentment with little food, it has received every care at the hands of His Majesty. The quality of the country breed improved very much, and Indian camels soon surpassed those of Iran and Turan.
From a regard to the dignity of his court, and the diversion of others, His Majesty orders camel-fights, for which purpose several choice animals are always kept in readiness. The best of these khacah camels, which is named Shahpasand (approved of by the Shah), is a country bred twelve years old: it overcomes all its antagonists, and exhibits in the manner in which it stoops down and draws itself up, every finesse of the art of wrestling.
Camels are numerous near Ajmir, Jodhpur, Nagor, Bikanir, Jaisalmir, Batindah, and Bhatnir; the best are bred in the Subah of Gujrat, near Cachh. But in Sind is the greatest abundance: many inhabitants own ten thousand camels and upwards. The swiftest camels are those of Ajmir; the best for burden are bred in T'hat'hah.
The success of this department depends on the Arwanahs, i. e., female camels. In every country, they get hot in winter, and couple. The male of two humps goes by the name of Bughur. The young ones of camels are called nar (male), and mayah (female), as the case may be; but His Majesty has given to the nar the name of Bughdi, and to the female that of Jammazah. The bughdi is the better for carrying burdens and for fighting; the jammazah excels in swiftness. The Indian camel called Lok, and its female, come close to them in swiftness, and even surpass them. The offspring of a bughur and a jammazah goes by the name of g’nwa; the female is called mayah ghurd. If a bughdi, or a lok, couples with a jammázah, the young one is called bughdi or lok respectively. But if a bughdí or a lok couples with an arwánah, the young male is named after its sire, and the young female after its dam. The lok is considered superior to the g’hurd, and the máyah g’hurd.
When camels are loaded and travel, they are generally formed into qatdrs (strings), each qatdr consisting of five camels. The first camel of each qatár is called peshang; the second, peshdarah; the third, miyánah qatár; the fourth, dumdast; the last camel, dumdár.