The Institutes of Akbar 400: 171. Mubarak Khan, son of Kamal Khan, the Gakk’har.

400

The Gakk’hars are a tribe inhabiting, according to the Maásir, the hilly districts between the Bahat and the Indus. At the time of Zainul’ábidín, king of Kashmir, a Ghaznīn noble of the name of Malik Kīd ( كيد, or كير ), who was a relation of the then ruler of Kābul, took away these districts from the Kashmiris, and gradually extended his power over the region between the Nīláb (Indus) and the Sawāliks and the frontier of modern Kashmīr. Malik Kīd was succeeded by his son Malik Kalān, and Malik Kalān by Malik Bīr. After Bīr, the head of the tribe was Sultān Tatár, who rendered Bābar valuable service, especially in the war with Rānā Sangā. Sultan Tatār had two sons, Sultán Sārang, and Sultán Adam. Sārang fought a great deal with Sher Sháh and Salīm Sháh, capturing and selling a large number of Afghāns. The Fort Rohtás was commenced by Sher Shāh with the special object of keeping the Gakk’hars in check. Sher Sháh in the end captured Sultán Sārang and killed him, and confined his son Kamāl Khān in Gwáliár, without, however, subjugating the tribe. Sultán Adam was now looked upon as the head of the clan. He continued to oppose the Afghāns. Once Salīm Shāh gave the order to blow up a portion of the Gwáliár Fort, where the state prisoners were kept. Kamāl Khān, who was still confined, had a miraculous escape and was in consequence pardoned. Kamāl went to his kinsfolk; but as Sultán Adam had usurped all power, he lived obscurely with his brother Sa’īd Khān, avoiding to come in conflict with his uncle.
Immediately after Akbar’s accession, however, Kamāl paid his respects to the emperor at Jālandhar, was well received, and distinguished himself in the war with Hemū, and during the siege of Mānkoṭ. In the 3rd year, he was sent against the Miyānah Afgháns, who had revolted near Sāronj (Mālwah), and was made on his return jāgīrdár of Karah and Fatḥpūr Ḥaswah. In the 6th year, he served under Khān Zamān (No. 13) against the Afghāns under the son of Mubāriz Khān ’Adlī (p. 320). In the 8th year (970), he was called to Court, and as Akbar wished to reward him, Kamāl Khān begged the emperor to put him in possession of the Gakk’har district, which was still in the hands of his usurping uncle. Akbar ordered the Khan i Kalan (No. 16) and other Panjabi grandees, to divide the district into two parts, and to give one of them to Kamal Khan; if Sultan Adam was not satisfied with the other, they should occupy the country and punish Sultan Adam. The latter alternative was rendered necessary by the resistance of Sultan Adam. The Panjab army, therefore, and Kamal Khan entered the Gakk’har district, and defeated and captured Adam after a severe engagement near the “Qasbah of Hilan”. Sultan Adam and his son Lashkari were handed over to Kamal Khan, who was put in possession of the district. Kamal Khan killed Lashkari, and put Sultan Adam into prison, where he soon after died. (Akbarnamah, II, 240f.)
It is stated in the Tabaqat that Kamal Khan was a commander of Five Thousand, distinguished for courage and bravery, and died in 972.
Mubarak Khan and Jalal Khan served in the 30th year under Mirza Shahrukh, Bhagwan Das, and Shah Quli Mahram, in Kashmir (Akbarnamah, III, 485). The Tabaqat calls both, as also Sa’id Khan, commanders of Fifteen Hundred. A daughter of Sa’id Khan was married to Prince Salim; vide No. 228, note.