The Chachnāma (Fatḥnāma-yi Sind) 165: Muhammad Kasim proceeds to Sawandi Samma.

165

It is related that when Muhammad Kasim had attended to the affairs of the district of Brahmanabad, and of the eastern and western parts of the territory, he marched from that place on Thursday, the third of Muharram A.H. 94 (9 Oct., 712 A.D.) He stopped at a village called Manhal, in the vicinity of Sawandi. There was a beautiful lake and a delightful meadow there, which were called Dhanda and Karbaha. He pitched his tents on the banks of the Dhanda. The inhabitants of the country were Samanis. The chiefs and merchants all came and made submission to Muhammad Kasim, and he gave them protection, according to the orders of Hajjaj. He said that they might live in their country with comfort and content, and pay the revenue at the proper season. He fixed revenue upon them and appointed a person from each tribe as the head of his tribe. One was a Samani, whose name was Bawadu, and the other, Budehi Samman Dhawal. The agriculturists in this part of the country were Jats, and they made their submission and were granted protection. When all these circumstances were communicated to Hajjaj, he sent an emphatic answer, ordering that those who showed fight should be destroyed, or that their sons and daughters should be taken as hostages and kept. Those who chose to submit, and in whose throats the water of sincerity flowed, were to be treated with mercy, and their property secured to them. The artizans and merchants were not to be heavily taxed. Whosoever took great pains in his work or cultivation was to be encouraged and supported. From those who espoused the dignity of Islam, only a tenth part of their wealth and the produce of the land was to be required; but those who followed their own religion were to pay from the produce of their manual industry, or from the land, the usual sums, according to the established custom of the country, and bring it to the Government collectors. Muhammad Kasim then marched from that place and arrived at Bahrawar. There he called Sulaiman son of Pathan and Aba Fazzatu-l Kasha'ri and made them swear by the Omnipotent. He gave them strict orders, and sent them with a body of men belonging to Haidar son of 'Amru and Bani Tamim towards the territory of the people of Bahraj. They took up their residence there; and 'Umar son of Hajjazu-l Akbari Hanafi was appointed their chief, and a body of famous warriors were placed under him.