The Memoirs of Bābur 910.4.5

910.4.5

There are many differing tribes in the Kābul country; in its dales and plains are Turks and clansmen[761] and `Arabs; in its town and in many villages, Sārts; out in the districts and also [Sidenote: Fol. 131b.] in villages are the Pashāī, Parājī, Tājīk, Bīrkī and Afghān tribes. In the western mountains are the Hazāra and Nikdīrī tribes, some of whom speak the Mughūlī tongue. In the north-eastern mountains are the places of the Kāfirs, such as Kitūr (Gawār?) and Gibrik. To the south are the places of the Afghān tribes. Eleven or twelve tongues are spoken in Kābul,—`Arabī, Persian, Turkī, Mughūlī, Hindī, Afghānī, Pashāī, Parājī, Gibrī, Bīrkī and Lamghānī. If there be another country with so many differing tribes and such a diversity of tongues, it is not known. (_e. Sub-divisions of the Kābul country._) The [Kābul] country has fourteen _tūmāns_.[762] Bajaur, Sawād and Hash-nagar may at one time have been dependencies of Kābul, but they now have no resemblance to cultivated countries (_wilāyāt_), some lying desolate because of the Afghāns, others being now subject to them. In the east of the country of Kābul is the Lamghānāt, 5 _tūmāns_ and 2 _bulūks_ of cultivated lands.[763] The largest of these is Nīngnahār, sometimes written Nagarahār in the histories.[764] Its _dārogha's_ residence is in Adīnapūr,[765] some 13 _yīghāch_ east of Kābul by a very bad and tiresome road, going in three or four places over small hill-passes, and in three or four others, through [Sidenote: Fol.