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Bhagavadgita 15

Gītābhāṣya (of Rāmānuja) 15

Language
Sanskrit

15.1

śrī-bhagavān uvāca ---
ūrdhvamūlam adhaśśākham aśvatthaṃ prāhur avyayam |
chandāṃsi yasya parṇāni yas taṃ veda sa vedavit ||
yaṃ saṃsārākhyam aśvatham ūrdhvamūlam adhaś śākham avyayaṃ prāhuḥ śrutayaḥ, "ūrdhvamūlo 'vākchākha eṣo 'śvatthas sanātanaḥ", "ūrdhvamūlam avākchākhaṃ vṛkṣaṃ yo veda saṃprti" ityādyāḥ / saptalokopariniviṣṭacaturmukhāditvena tasyordhvamūlatvam / pṛthivīnivāsisakalanarapaśumṛgakrimikīṭapataṅgasthāvarāntatayā adhaś śākhatvam / asaṅgahetubhūtād a samyagjñanodayāt pravāharūpeṇācchedyatvenāvyayatvam / yasya cāśvatthasya chandāṃsi parṇāny āhuḥ / chandāṃsi -- śrutayaḥ, "vāyavyaṃ śvetam ālabheta bhūtikāmaḥ", "aindrāgnam ekādaśa kapālaṃ nirvapet prajākāmaḥ" ityādiśrutipratipāditaiḥ kāmyakarmabhir vardhate 'yaṃ saṃsāravṛkṣa iti chandāṃsy evāsya parṇāni / parṇair hi vṛkṣo vardhate / yas tam evaṃbhūtam
aśvatthaṃ veda, sa vedavit / vedo hi saṃsāravṛkṣacchedopāyaṃ vadati; chedyavṛkṣasvarūpajñānaṃ chedanopāyajñanopayogīti vedavid ity ucyate //

15.2

adhaś cordhvaṃ ca prasṛtās tasya śākhā guṇapravṛddhā viṣayapravālāḥ |

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tasya manuṣyādiśākhasya vṛkṣasya tattatkarmakṛtā aparāś ca adhaḥ śākhāḥ punar api manuṣyapaśvādirūpeṇa prasṛtā bhavanti; ūrdhvaṃ ca gandharvayakṣadevādirūpeṇa prasṛtā bhavanti / tāś ca guṇapravṛddhāḥ guṇaiḥ sattvādibhiḥ pravṛddhāḥ, viṣayapravālāḥ śabdādiviṣayapallavāḥ / katham ity atrāha --

15.2_2

adhaś ca mūlāny anusaṃtatāni karmānubandhīni manuṣyaloke ||

15.2_3

brahmalokamūlasyāsya vṛkṣasya manuṣyāgrasya, adho manuṣyaloke mūlāny anusantatāni; tāni ca karmānubandhīni karmāṇy evānubandhīni mūlāni adho manuṣyaloke ca bhavantītyarthaḥ / manuṣyatvāvasthāyāṃ kṛtair hi karmabhiḥ adho manuṣyapaśvādayaḥ, ūrdhvaṃ ca devādayo bhavanti //

15.3

na rūpam asyeha tathopalabhyate nānto na cādir na ca saṃpratiṣṭhā |

15.2_4

asya vṛkṣasya caturmukhāditvenordhvamūlatvam, tatsantānaparamparayā manuṣyāgratvenādhaś śākhatvam, manuṣyatve kṛtaiḥ karmabhir mūlabhūtaiḥ punar apy adhaś cordhvaṃ ca prasṛtaśākhatvam iti yathedaṃ rūpaṃ nirdiṣṭam, na tathā saṃsāribhir upalabhyate / manuṣyo 'haṃ devadattasya putro yajñadattasya pitā tadanurūpaprigrahaś cety etāvanmātram upalabhyate / tathā asya vṛkṣasya antaḥ vināśo 'pi guṇamayabhogeṣv asaṅgakṛta iti nopalabhyate / tathā asya guṇasaṅga evādir iti nopalabhyate / tasya pratiṣṭhā ca anātmani ātmābhimānarūpam ajñānam iti nopalabhyate; pratitiṣṭhaty asminn+eveti hy ajñānam evāsya pratiṣṭhā //

15.3_2

aśvattham enaṃ suvirūḍhamūlam asaṅgaśastreṇa dṛḍhena chitvā ||

15.4

tataḥ padaṃ tat parimārgitavyam yasmin gatā na nivartanti bhūyaḥ |

15.3_3

enam uktaprakāraṃ suvirūḍhamūlam suṣṭhu vividhaṃ rūḍhamūlam aśvatthaṃ samyagjñānamūlena dṛḍhena guṇamayabhogāsaṃgākhyena śastreṇa chitvā, tataḥ viṣayāsaṃgād dhetoḥ tat padaṃ parimārgitavyam anveṣaṇīyam, yasmin gatā bhūyo na nivartante //

p365105

katham anādikālapravṛtto guṇamayabhogasaṃgaḥ tanmūlaṃ ca viparītajñānaṃ nivartata ity ata āha --

15.4_2

tam eva cādyaṃ puruṣaṃ prapadyed yataḥ pravṛttiḥ prasṛtā purāṇī ||

15.4_3

ajñānādinivṛttaye tam eva ca ādyam kṛtsnasyādibhūtam, "mayādhyakṣeṇa prakṛtiḥ sūyate sacarācaram", "ahaṃ sarvasya prabhavo mattas sarvaṃ pravartate", "mattaḥ parataraṃ nānyat kiñcid asti dhanañjaya" ityādiṣūktam ādyaṃ puruṣam eva śaraṇaṃ prapadyet tam eva śaraṇaṃ prapadyeta / yataḥ yasmāt kṛtsnasya sraṣṭur iyaṃ guṇamayabhogasaṅgapravṛttiḥ, purāṇī purātanī prasṛtā / uktaṃ hi mayaitatpūrvam eva, "daivī hy eṣā guṇamayī mam māyā dūratyayā / mām eva ye prapadyante māyām etāṃ taranti te" iti / prapadyeyataḥ pravṛttir iti vā pāṭhaḥ; tam eva cādyaṃ puruṣaṃ prpadya śaraṇam upagamya, iyataḥ ajñānanivṛttyādeḥ kṛstnasyaitasya sādhanabhūtā pravṛttiḥ purāṇī purātanī praṛtā / purātanānāṃ mumukṣūṇāṃ pravṛttiḥ
purāṇī / purātanā hi mumukṣavo mām eva śaraṇam upagamya nirmuktabandhās saṃjātā ityarthaḥ //

15.5

nirmānamohā jitasaṅgadoṣā adhyātmanityā vinivṛttakāmāḥ |
dvandvair vimuktās sukhaduḥkhasaṃjñair gacchanty amūḍhāḥ padam avyayaṃ tat ||
evaṃ māṃ śaraṇam upagamya nirmānamohāḥ nirgatānātmātmābhimānarūpamohāḥ, jitasaṅgadoṣā jitaguṇamayabhogasaṅgākhyadoṣāḥ / adhyātmanityāḥ ātmani yaj jñānaṃ tad adhyātmam, ātmajñānaniratāḥ / vinivṛttakāmāḥ vinivṛttataditarakāmāḥ sukhaduḥkhasajñair dvandvaiś ca vimuktāḥ, amūḍhāḥ ātmānātmasvabhavajñāḥ, tad avyayaṃ padaṃ gacchanti anavacchinnajñānākāram ātmānaṃ yathāvasthitaṃ prāpnuvanti; māṃ śaraṇam upagatānāṃ matprasādāder evaitāḥ sarvāḥ pravṛttayaḥ suśakāḥ siddhiparyantā bhavantītyarthaḥ //

15.6

na tad bhāsayate sūryo na śaśāṅko na pāvakaḥ |
yad gatvā na nivartante tad dhāma paramaṃ mama ||
tad atmajyotir na sūryo bhāsayate, na śaśāṅkaḥ, na pāvakaś ca / jñānam eva hi sarvasya prakāśakam; bāhyāni tu jyotīṃṣi viṣayendriyasaṃbandhavirodhitamonirasanadvāreṇopakārakāṇi / asya ca prakāśako yogaḥ / tadvirodhi cānādikarma / tannivartanaṃ coktaṃ bhagavatprapattimūlam asaṅgādi / yad gatvā punar na nivartante, tat paramaṃ dhāma paraṃ jyotiḥ mama madīyam; madvibhūtibhūtaḥ mamāṃśa ityarthaḥ / ādityādīnām api prakāśakatvena tasya paramatvam / ādityādīni hi jyotīṃṣi na jñānajyotiṣaḥ prakāśakāni; jñānam eva sarvasya prakāśakam //

15.7

mamaivāṃśo jīvaloke jīvabhūtaḥ sanātanaḥ |
manaṣṣaṣṭhānīndriyāṇi prakṛtisthitāni karṣati ||
ittham uktasvarūpaḥ sanātano mamāṃśa eva san kaścid anādikarmarūpāvidyāveṣṭito jīvabhūto jīvaloke vartamāno devamanuṣyādiprakṛtipariṇāmaviśeṣaśarīrasthāni manaṣṣaṣṭhānīndriyāṇi karṣati / kaścic ca pūrvoktena mārgeṇāsyā avidyāyāḥ muktaḥ svena rūpeṇāvatiṣṭhate / jīvabhūtas tv atisaṃkucitajñānāiśvaryaḥ karmalabdhaprakṛtipariṇāmaviśeṣarūpaśarīrasthānām indriyāṇāṃ manaṣṣaṣṭhānām īśvaraḥ tāni karmānuguṇam itas tataḥ karṣati //

15.8

śarīraṃ yad avāpnoti yac cāpy utkrāmatīśvaraḥ |
gṛhītvaitāni saṃyāti vāyur gandhān ivāśayāt ||
yac śarīram avāpnoti, yamāc charīrād utkrāmati, tatrāyam indriyāṇām īśvaraḥ etāni indriyāṇi bhūtasūkṣmais saha gṛhītvā saṃyāti vāyur gandhān ivāśayāt / yathā vāyuḥ srakcandanakastūrikādyāśayāt tatsthānāt sūkṣmāvayavais saha gandhān gṛhītvānyatra saṃyāti, tadvad ityarthaḥ //

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kāni punas tānīndriyāṇīty atrāha --

15.9

śrotraṃ cakṣuḥ sparśanaṃ ca rasanaṃ ghrāṇam eva ca |
adhiṣṭhāya manaś cāyaṃ viṣayān upasevate ||
etāni manaṣṣaṣṭhānīndriyāṇi adhiṣṭhāya svasvaviṣayavṛttyanuguṇāni kṛtvā, tān śabdādīn viṣayān upasevate upabhuṅkte //

15.10

utkrāmantaṃ sthitaṃ vāpi bhuñjānaṃ vā guṇānvitam |
vimūḍhā nānupaśyanti paśyanti jñānacakṣuṣaḥ ||
evaṃ guṇānvitaṃ sattvādiguṇamayaprakṛtipariṇāmaviśeṣamanuṣyatvādisaṃsthānapiṇḍasaṃsṛṣṭam, piṇḍaviśeṣād utkrāmantaṃ piṇḍaviśeṣe 'vathitaṃ vā, guṇamayān viṣayān bhuñjānaṃ vā kadācid api prakṛtipariṇāmaviśeṣamanuṣyatvādipiṇḍād vilakṣaṇaṃ jñānaikākāraṃ vimūḍhā nānupaśyanti / vimūḍhāḥ manuṣyatvādipiṇḍātmatvābhimāninaḥ / jñānacakṣuṣas tu piṇḍātmavivekaviṣayajñānavantaḥ sarvāvastham apy enaṃ viviktākāram eva paśyanti //

15.11

yatanto yoginaś cainaṃ paśyanty ātmany avasthitam |
yatanto 'py akṛtātmāno nainaṃ paśyanty acetasaḥ ||
matprapattipūrvakaṃ karmayogādiṣu yatamānās tair nirmalāntaḥkaraṇā yogino yogākhyena cakṣuṣā ātmani śarīre 'vasthitam api śarīrād viviktaṃ svena rūpeṇāvasthitam enaṃ paśyanti / yatamānā apy akṛtātmānaḥ matprapattivirahiṇaḥ tata evāsaṃskṛtamanasaḥ, tata eva acetasaḥ ātmāvalokanasamarthacetorahitāḥ nainaṃ paśyanti //

p370255

evaṃ ravicandrāgnīnām indriyasannikarṣavirodhisaṃtamasanirasanamukhenendriyānugrāhakatayā prakāśakānāṃ jyotiṣmatām api prakāśakajñānajyotir ātmā muktāvastho jīvāvasthaś ca bhagavadvibhūtir ity uktam, "tad dhāma pramaṃ mama", "mamaivāṃśo jīvaloke jīvabhūtas sanātanaḥ" iti / idānīm acitpariṇāmaviśeṣabhūtam ādityādīnāṃ jyotiṣmatāṃ jyotir api bhagavad vibhūtir ity āha --

15.12

yad ādityagataṃ tejo jagad bhāsayate 'khilam |
yac candramasi yac cāgnau tat tejo viddhi māmakam ||
akhilasya jagato bhāsakam eteṣām ādityādīnāṃ yat tejaḥ, tan madīyaṃ tejaḥ tais tair ārādhitena mayā tebhyo dattam iti viddhi //

p370984

pṛthivyāś ca bhūtadhāriṇyā dhārakatvaśaktir madīyety āha --

15.13

gām āviśya ca bhūtāni dhārayāmy aham ojasā //
puṣṇāmi cauṣadhīḥ sarvās somo bhūtvā rasātmakaḥ ||
ahaṃ pṛthivīm āviśya sarvāṇi bhūtāni ojasā mamāpratihatasāmarthyena dhārayāmi / tathāham amṛtarasamayas somo bhūtvā sarvauṣadhīḥ puṣṇāmi //

15.14

ahaṃ vaiśvānaro bhūtvā prāṇināṃ deham āśritaḥ /
prāṇāpānasamāyuktaḥ pacāmy annaṃ caturvidham //
ahaṃ vaiśvānaro jāṭharānalo bhūtvā sarveṣāṃ prāṇināṃ deham āśritaḥ tair bhuktaṃ khādyacūṣyalehyapeyātmakaṃ caturvidham annaṃ prāṇāpānavṛttibhedasamāyuktaḥ pacāmi //

p371745

atra paramapuruṣavibhūtibhūtau somavaiśvānarau ahaṃ somo bhūtvā, vaiśvānaro bhūtvā iti tatsāmānādhikaraṇyena nirdiṣṭau / tayoś ca sarvasya bhūtajātasya ca paramapuruṣasāmānādhikaraṇyanirdeśahetum āha --

15.15

sarvasya cāhaṃ hṛdi sanniviṣṭo mattaḥ smṛtijñānam apohanaṃ ca /
vedaiś ca sarvair aham eva vedyo vedāntakṛd vedavid eva cāham //
tayoḥ somavaiśvānarayoḥ sarvasya ca bhūtajātasya sakalapravṛttinivṛttimūlajñānodayadeśe hṛdi sarvaṃ matsaṃkalpena niyacchan aham ātmatayā sanniviṣṭaḥ / tathāhuḥ śrutayaḥ, "antaḥ praviṣṭaś śāstā janānāṃ sarvātmā", "yaḥ pṛthivyāṃ tiṣṭhan", "ya ātmani tiṣṭhan ātmano 'ntaro ..... yamayati", "padmakośapratīkāśaṃ hṛdayaṃ cāpy adhomukham", "atha yad idam asmin brahmapure daharaṃ puṇḍarīkaṃ veśma" ityādyāḥ / smṛtayaś ca, "śāstā viṣṇur aśeṣasya jagato yo jaganmayaḥ", "praśāsitāraṃ sarveṣām aṇīyāṃsam aṇīyasām", "yamo vaivasvato rājā yas tavaiṣa hṛdi sthitaḥ" ityādyāḥ / ato matta eva sarveṣāṃ smṛtir jāyate / smṛtiḥ pūrvānubhūtiviṣayam anubhavasaṃskāramātrajaṃ jñānam / jñānam indriyaliṅgāgamayogajo
vastuniścayaḥ; so 'pi mattaḥ / apohanaṃ ca / apohanam -- jñānanivṛttiḥ / apohanam ūhanaṃ vā; ūhanam ūhaḥ; ūho nāma idaṃ pramāṇam itthaṃ pravartitum arhatīti pramāṇapravṛttyarhatāviṣayaṃ sāmagryādinirūpaṇajanyaṃ pramāṇānugrāhakaṃ jñānam; sa coho matta eva / vedaiś ca sarvair aham eva vedyaḥ / ato 'gnisūryavāyusomendrādīnāṃ madantaryāmikatvena madātmakatvāt tatpratipādanaparair api sarvair vedair aham eva vedyaḥ, devamanuṣyādiśabdair jīvātmaiva / vedāntakṛd vedānām -- "indraṃ yajeta", "varuṇaṃ yajeta" ity evam ādīnām antaḥ phalam; phale hi te sarve vedāḥ paryavasyanti; antakṛt phalakṛt; vedoditaphalasya pradātā cāham evetyarthaḥ / tad uktaṃ pūrvam eva, "yo yo yāṃ yāṃ tanuṃ bhaktaḥ śraddhayārcitum icchati" ity ārabhya "labhate
ca tataḥ kāmān mayaiva vihitān hi tān" iti, "ahaṃ hi sarvayajñānāṃ bhoktā ca prabhur eva ca" iti ca / vedavid eva cāham -- vedavic cāham eva / evaṃ madabhidhāyinaṃ vedam aham eva veda; ito 'nyathā yo vedārthaṃ
brūte na sa vedavid ity abhiprāyaḥ //

p373951

ato matta eva sarvavedānāṃ sārabhūtam artham śṛṇu --

15.16

dvāv imau puruṣau loke kṣaraś cākṣara eva ca /
kṣaras sarvāṇi bhūtāni kūṭastho 'kṣara ucyate //
kṣaraś cākṣaraś ceti dvāv imau puruṣau loke prathitau / tatra kṣaraśabdanirdiṣṭaḥ puruṣo jīvaśabdābhilapanīyabrahmādistambaparyantakṣaraṇasvabhāvācitsaṃsṛṣṭasarvabhūtāni / atrācitsaṃsargarūpaikopādhinā puruṣa ity ekatvanirdeśaḥ / akṣaraśabdanirdiṣṭaḥ kūṭasthaḥ acitsaṃsargaviyuktaḥ svena rūpeṇāvasthito muktātmā / sa tv acitsaṃsargābhavād acitpariṇāmaviśeṣabrahmādidehāsādhāraṇo na bhavatīti kūṭastha ity ucyate / atrāpy ekatvanirdeśo 'cidviyogarūpaikopādhinābhihitaḥ / na hi itaḥ pūrvam anādau kāle mukta eka eva / yathoktam, "bahavo jñānatapasā pūtā madbhāvam āgatāḥ", "sarge 'pi nopajāyante pralaye na vyathanti ca" iti //

15.17

uttamaḥ puruṣas tv anyaḥ paramātmety udāhṛtaḥ /
yo lokatrayam āviśya bibharty avyaya īśvaraḥ //
uttamaḥ puruṣas tu tābhyāṃ kṣarākṣaraśabdanirdiṣṭābhyāṃ baddhamuktapuruṣābhyām anyaḥ arthāntarabhūtaḥ paramātmety udāhṛtaḥ sarvāsu śrutiṣu / paramātmeti nirdeśād eva hy uttamaḥ puruṣo baddhamuktapuruṣābhyāṃ arthāntarabhūta ity avagamyate / katham? yo lokatrayam āviśya bibharti / lokyata iti lokaḥ; tattrayaṃ lokatrayam / acetanaṃ tatsaṃsṛṣṭaś cetano muktaś ceti pramāṇāvagamyam etat trayaṃ ya ātmatayā āviśya bibharti, sa tasmād vyāpyād bhartavyāc cārthāntarabhūtaḥ / itaś coktāl lokatrayād arthāntarabhūtaḥ; yataḥ so 'vyayaḥ, īśvaraś ca; avyayasvabhāvo hi vyayasvabhāvād acetanāt tatsaṃbandhena tadanusāriṇaś ca cetanād acitsaṃbandhayogyatayā pūrvasaṃbandhino muktāc cārthāntarabhūta eva / tathaitasya lokatrayasyeśvaraḥ,
īśitavyāt tasmād arthāntarabhūtaḥ //

15.18

yasmāt kṣaram atīto 'ham akṣarād api cottamaḥ /
ato 'smi loke vede ca prathitaḥ puruṣottamaḥ //
yasmād evam uktaiḥ svabhāvaiḥ kṣaraṃ puruṣam atīto 'ham, akṣarān muktād apy uktair hetubhir utkṛṣṭatamaḥ, ato 'haṃ loke vede ca puruṣottama iti prathito 'smi / vedārthāvalokanāl loka iti smṛtir ihocyate / śrutau smṛtau cety arthaḥ / śrutau tāvat, "paraṃ jyotir upasaṃpadya svena rūpeṇābhiniṣpadyate, sa uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ" ityādau / smṛtav api, "aṃśāvatāraṃ puruṣottamasya hy anādimadhyāntam ajasya viṣṇoḥ" ityādau //

15.19

yo mām evam asaṃmūḍho jānāti puruṣottamam /
sa sarvavid bhajati māṃ sarvabhāvena bhārata //

p376606

ya evam uktena prakāreṇa puruṣottamaṃ mām asaṃmūḍho jānāti kṣarākṣarapuruṣābhyām, avyayasvabhāvatayā vyāpanabharaṇāiśvaryādiyogena ca visajātīyaṃ jānāti, sa sarvavin matprāptyupāyatayā yad veditavyaṃ tat sarvaṃ veda; bhajati māṃ sarvabhāvena -- ye ca matprāptyupāyatayā madbhajanaprakārā nirdiṣṭāḥ taiś ca sarvair bhajanaprakārair māṃ bhajate / sarvair madviṣayair vedanair mama yā prītiḥ, yā ca mama sarvair madviṣayair bhajanaiḥ, ubhayavidhā sā prītir anena vedanena mama jāyate // ity etat puruṣottamatvavedanaṃ pūjayati --

15.20

iti guhyatamaṃ śāstram idam uktaṃ mayānagha /
etad buddhvā buddhimān syāt kṛtakṛtyaś ca bhārata //
itthaṃ mama puruṣottamatvapratipādanaṃ sarveṣāṃ guhyānāṃ guhyatamam idaṃ śāstram, "tvam anaghatayā yogyatamaḥ" iti kṛtvā mayā tavoktam / etad buddhvā buddhimāṃs syāt kṛtakṛtyaś ca -- māṃ prepsunā upādeyā yā buddhiḥ sā sarvā upāttā syāt: yac ca tena kartavyam, tat sarvaṃ kṛtaṃ syād ityarthaḥ / anena ślokena, anantaroktaṃ puruṣottamaviṣayaṃ jñānaṃ śāstrajanyam evaitat sarvaṃ karoti, na tatsākṣātkārarūpam ity ucyate //

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