Bhagavadgita 2
Gītābhāṣya (of Rāmānuja) 2
- Language
- Sanskrit
2.1
sañjaya uvāca ---
taṃ tathā kṛpayāviṣṭam aśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇam |
viṣīdantam idaṃ vākyam uvāca madhusūdanaḥ ||
2.2
śrī-bhagavān uvāca ---
kutas tvā kaśmalam idaṃ viṣame samupasthitam |
anāryajuṣṭam asvargyam akīrtikaram arjuna ||
2.3
mā klaibyaṃ gaccha kaunteya naitat tvayy upapadyate |
kṣudraṃ hṛdayadaurbalyaṃ tyaktvottiṣṭha parantapa ||
p21997
evam upaviṣṭe pārthe kuto 'yam asthāne samupasthitaḥ śoka ity ākṣipya tam imaṃ viṣamasthaṃ śokam avidvatsevitaṃ paralokavirodhinam akīrtikaram atikṣudraṃ hṛdayadaurbalyakṛtaṃ parityajya yuddhāyottiṣṭheti śrībhagavān uvāca //
2.4
arjuna uvāca ---
kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṃkhye droṇaṃ ca madhusūdana |
iṣubhiḥ pratiyotsyāmi pūjārhāv arisūdana ||
2.5
gurūn ahatvā hi mahānubhāvān śreyaś cartuṃ bhaikṣam apīha loke |
hatvārthakāmāṃs tu gurūn ihaiva bhuñjīya bhogān rudhirapradigdhān ||
2.4-5
punar api pārthaḥ snehakāruṇyadharmādharmabhayākulo bhagavaduktaṃ hitatamam ajānann idam uvāca -- bhīṣmadroṇādikān gurūn bahumantavyān katham ahaṃ haniṣyāmi? kathaṃtarāṃ bhogeṣv atimātrasaktān tān hatvā tair bhujyamānāṃs tān eva bhogān tadrudhireṇopasicya teṣv āsaneṣūpaviśya bhuñjīya? //
2.6
na caitad vidmaḥ kataran no garīyo yad vā jayema yadi vā no jayeyuḥ |
yān eva hatvā na jijīviṣāmas te 'vasthitāḥ pramukhe dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ ||
2.7
kārpaṇyadoṣopahatasvabhāvaḥ pṛcchāmi tvā dharmasaṃmūḍhacetāḥ |
yac chreyaḥ syān niścitaṃ brūhi tan me śiṣyas te 'haṃ śādhi māṃ tvāṃ prapannam ||
2.8
na hi prapaśyāmi mamāpanudyād yac chokam ucchoṣaṇam indriyāṇām |
avāpya bhūmāv asapatnam ṛddhaṃ rājyaṃ surāṇām api cādhipatyam ||
2.6-8
evaṃ yuddham ārabhya nivṛttavyāpārān bhavato dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ prasahya hanyur iti cet, astu / tadvadhalabdhavijayād adharmyād asmākaṃ dharmādharmāv ajānadbhiḥ tair hananam eva garīya iti me pratibhātīty uktvā, yan mahyaṃ śreya iti niścitam, tac śaraṇāgatāya tava śiṣyāya me brūhīty atimātrakṛpaṇo bhagavatpādāv upasasāda //
2.9
sañjaya uvāca ---
evam uktvā hṛśīkeśaṃ guḍākeśaḥ parantapaḥ |
na yotsya iti govindam uktvā tūṣṇīṃ babhūva ha ||
p24071
"evam asthāne samupasthitasnehakāruṇyābhyām aprakṛtiṃ gatam, kṣatriyāṇāṃ yuddhaṃ paramadharmam apy adharmaṃ manvānaṃ dharmabubhutsayā ca śaraṇāgataṃ pārtham uddiśya, ātmayāthātmyajñānena yuddhasya phalābhisandhirahitasyātmaprāptyupāyatājñānena ca vinā asya moho na śāmyati" iti matvā, bhagavatā paramapuruṣeṇa adhyātmaśāstrāvataraṇaṃ kṛtam / taduktam -- "asthānasnehakāruṇyadharmādharmadhiyākulam / pārthaṃ prapannam uddiśya śāstrāvataraṇaṃ kṛtam" // iti //
2.10
tam uvāca hṛśīkeśaḥ prahasann iva bhārata |
senayor ubhayor madhye sīdamānam idaṃ vacaḥ ||
evaṃ dehātmanor yāthātmyājñānanimittaśokāviṣṭam, dehātiriktātmajñānanimittaṃ ca dharmaṃ bhāṣamāṇam, parasparaviruddhaguṇānvitam, ubhayos senayor yuddhāyodyuktayor madhye akasmān nirudyogaṃ pārtham ālokya paramapuruṣaḥ prahasann ivedam uvāca -- parihāsavākyaṃ vadann iva ātmaparamātmayāthātmyatatprāptyupāyabhūtakarmayogajñānayogabhaktiyogagocaraṃ "na tv evāhaṃ jātu nāsam" ityārabhya "ahaṃ tvā sarvapāpebhyo mokṣayiṣyāmi mā śucaḥ" ityetadantaṃ vacanam uvācetyarthaḥ //
2.11
śrī-bhagavān uvāca ---
aśocyān anvaśocas tvaṃ prajñāvādāṃś ca bhāṣase |
gatāsūn agatāsūṃś ca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ ||
aśocyān prati anuśocasi / "patanti pitaro hy eṣāṃ luptapiṇḍodakakriyāḥ" ityādikān dehātmasvabhāvaprajñānimittavādāṃś ca bhāṣase / dehātmasvabhāvajñānavatāṃ nātra kiṃcic chokanimittam asti / gatāsūn dehān agatāsūn; ātmanaś ca prati tatsvabhāvayāthātmyavido na śocanti / atas tvayi vipratiṣiddham idam upalabhyate, yad etān haniṣyāmīty anuśocanam, yac ca dehātiriktātmajñānakṛtaṃ dharmādharmabhāṣaṇam / ato dehasvabhāvaṃ ca na jānāsi, tadatiriktam ātmānaṃ ca nityam, tatprāptyupāyabhūtaṃ yuddhādikaṃ dharmaṃ ca / idaṃ ca yuddhaṃ phalābhisandhirahitam ātmayāthātmyāvāptyupāyabhūtam / ātmā hi na janmādhīnasadbhāvaḥ; na maraṇādhīnavināśaś ca, tasya janmamaraṇayor abhāvāt / ataḥ sa na śokasthānam / dehas tv acetanaḥ pariṇāmasvabhāvaḥ;
tasyotpattivināśayogaḥ svābhāvika iti so 'pi na śokasthānam ityabhiprāyaḥ //
p26358
prathamaṃ tāvad ātmanāṃ svabhāvam śṛṇu --
2.12
na tv evāhaṃ jātu nāsaṃ na tvaṃ neme janādhipāḥ |
na caiva na bhaviṣyāmaḥ sarve vayam ataḥ param ||
ahaṃ sarveśvaras tāvat, ataḥ vartamānāt pūrvasmin anādau kāle, na nāsam -- api tv āsam / tvanmukhāś caite īśitavyāḥ kṣetrajñāḥ na nāsam; api tv āsan / ahaṃ ca yūyaṃ ca sarve vayam, ataḥ parasmin anante kāle, na caiva na bhaviṣyāmaḥ; api tu bhaviṣyāma eva / yathāhaṃ sarveśvaraḥ paramātmā nitya iti nātra saṃśayaḥ, tathaiva bhavantaḥ kṣetrajñā ātmāno 'pi nityā eveti mantavyāḥ //
p27002
evaṃ bhagavataḥ sarveśvarād atmanām, parasparaṃ ca, bhedaḥ pāramārthika iti bhagavataivoktam iti pratīyate; ajñānamohitaṃ prati tannivṛttaye pārmārthikanityatvopadeśasamaye aham, tvam, ime, sarve, vayam iti vyapadeśāt / aupacārikātmabhedavāde hi ātmabhedasyātāttvikatvena tattvopadeśasamaye bhedanirdeśo na saṃgacchate / bhagavaduktātmabhedaḥ svābhāvika iti śrutir apy āha, "nityo nityānāṃ cetanaś cetanānām eko bahūnāṃ yo vidadhāti kāmān" iti / nityānāṃ bahūnāṃ cetanānāṃ ya eko nityaś cetanas san kāmān vidadhātītyarthaḥ / ajñānakṛtabhedadṛṣṭivāde tu paramapuruṣasya paramārthadṛṣter nirviśeṣakūṭasthanityacaitanyātmayāthātmyasākṣātkārān nivṛttājñānatatkāryatayā ajñānakṛtabhedadarśanaṃ tanmūlopadeśādivyavahārāś ca
na saṃgacchante /
atha paramapuruṣasyādhigatādvaitajñānasya bādhitānuvṛttirūpam idaṃ bhedajñānaṃ dagdhapaṭādivan na bandhakam ity ucyate -- naitad upapadyate; marīcikājalajñānādikaṃ hi bādhitam anuvartamānaṃ na jalāharaṇādipravṛttihetuḥ / evam atrāpy advaitajñānena bādhitaṃ bhedajñānam anuvartamānam api mithyārthaviṣayatvaniścayān nopadeśādipravṛttihetur bhavati / na ceśvarasya pūrvam ajñasya śāstrādhigatatattvajñānatayā bādhitānuvṛttiḥ śakyate vaktum; "yaḥ sarvajñaḥ sarvavit", "parāsya śaktir vividhaiva śrūyate svābhāvikī jñānabalakriyā ca", "vedāhaṃ samatītāni vartamānāni cārjuna / bhaviṣyāṇi ca bhūtāni māṃ tu veda na kaścana" iti śrutismṛtivirodhāt / kiṃ ca paramapuruṣaś ca idānīṃtanaguruparamparā ca, advitīyātmasvarūpaniścaye
sati anuvartamāne 'pi bhedajñāne, svaniścayānurūpam advitīyātmajñānaṃ kasmā upadiśatīti vaktavyam // pratibimbavatpratīyamānebhyo 'rjunādibhya iti cet -- naitad upapadyate; na hy anunmattaḥ ko 'pi maṇikṛpāṇadarpaṇādiṣu pratīyamāneṣu svātmapratibimbeṣu, teṣāṃ svātmano 'nanyatvaṃ jānan, tebhyaḥ kim apy upadiśati / bādhitānuvṛttir api tair na śakyate vaktum; bādhakenādvitīyātmajñānenātmavyatiriktabhedajñānakāraṇasyānāder vinaṣṭatvāt / dvicandrajñānādau tu candraikatvajñānena pāramārthikatimirādidoṣasya dvicandrajñānahetor avinaṣṭatvād bādhitānuvṛttir yuktā; anuvartamānam api prabalapramāṇabādhitatvenā-kiṃcitkaram / iha tu bhedajñānasya saviṣayasya sakāraṇasyā-pāramārthikatvena vastuyāthātmyajñānavinaṣṭatvān na kathañcid
api bādhitānuvṛttiḥ saṃbhavati / ataḥ sarveśvarasyedānīṃtanaguruparamparāyāś ca tattvajñānam asti cet, bhedadarśanatatkāryopadeśādyasaṃbhavaḥ / nāsti cet, ajñānasya taddhetoḥ sthitatvenājñatvād eva sutarām upadeśo na saṃbhavati //
2.12_2
kiṃ ca guror advitīyātmavijñānād eva brahmājñānasya sakāryasya vinaṣṭatvāc śiṣyaṃ praty upadeśo niṣprayojanaḥ / gurus tajjñānaṃ ca kalpitam iti cet, śiṣyatajjñānayor api kalpitatvāt tad apy anivartakam / kalpitatve 'pi pūrvavirodhitvena nivartakam iti cet, tad acāryajñāne 'pi samānam iti tad eva nivartakaṃ bhavatīty upadeśānarthakyam eva -- iti kṛtam asamīcīnavādaiḥ //
2.13
dehino 'smin yathā dehe kaumāraṃ yauvanaṃ jarā |
tathā dehāntaraprāptir dhīras tatra na muhyati ||
ekasmin dehe vartamānasya dehinaḥ kaumārāvasthāṃ vihāya yauvanādyavasthāprāptau ātmanaḥ sthiratvabuddhyā yathā ātmā naṣṭa iti na śocati, dehād dehāntaraprāptāv api tathaiva sthira ātmeti buddhimān na śocati / ata ātmanāṃ nityatvād ātmano na śokasthānam //
p30458
etāvad atra kartavyam -- ātmanāṃ nityānām evānādikarmavaśyatayā tattatkarmocitadehasaṃsṛṣṭānāṃ tair eva dehair bandhanivṛttaye śāstrīyaṃ svavarṇocitaṃ yuddhādikam anabhisaṃhitaphalaṃ karma kurvatām avarjanīyatayā indriyair indriyārthasparśāḥ śītoṣṇādiprayuktasukhaduḥkhadā bhavanti, te tu yāvacchāstrīyakarmasamāpti kṣantavyā iti / imam artham anantaram evāha --
2.14
mātrāsparśās tu kaunteya śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhadāḥ |
āgamāpāyino 'nityās tāṃs titikṣasva bhārata ||
śabdasparśarūparasagandhāḥ sāśrayāḥ tanmātrākāryatvān mātrā ity ucyante / śrotrādibhis teṣāṃ sparśāḥ śītoṣṇamṛduparuṣādirūpasukhaduḥkhadāḥ bhavanti / śītoṣṇaśabdaḥ pradarśanārthaḥ / tān dhairyeṇa yāvadyuddhādiśāstrīyakarmasamāpti titikṣasva / te cāgamāpāyitvād dhairyavatām kṣantuṃ yogyāḥ / anityāś ca te / bandhahetubhūtakarmanāśe sati āgamāpāyitvenāpi na vartante ityarthaḥ //
p31462
tatkṣamā kimarthety atrāha --
2.15
yaṃ hi na vyathayanty ete puruṣaṃ puruṣarṣabha |
samaduḥkhasukhaṃ dhīraṃ so 'mṛtatvāya kalpate ||
yaṃ puruṣaṃ dhairyayuktam avarjanīyaduḥkhaṃ sukhavan manyamānam, amṛtatvasādhanatayā svavarṇocitaṃ yuddhādikarma anabhisaṃhitaphalaṃ kurvāṇaṃ tadantargatāḥ śastrapātādimṛdukrūrasparśāḥ na vyathayanti; sa evāmṛtatvaṃ sādhayati / na tvādṛśo duḥkhāsahiṣṇur ityarthaḥ / ātmanāṃ nityatvād etāvad atra kartavyam ityarthaḥ //
p32037
yat tu ātmanāṃ nityatvaṃ dehānāṃ svābhāvikaṃ nāśitvaṃ ca śokānimittam uktam, "gatāsūn agatāsūṃś ca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ" iti, tad upapādayitum ārabhate --
2.16
nāsato vidyate bhāvo nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ |
ubhayor api dṛṣṭo 'ntas tv anayos tattvadarśibhiḥ ||
p32372
asataḥ dehasya sadbhāvo na vidyate / sataś cātmano nāsadbhāvaḥ / ubhayoḥ -- dehātmanor upalabhyamānayor yathopalabdhi tattvadarśibhir anto dṛṣṭaḥ -- nirṇayāntatvān nirūpaṇasya nirṇaya iha antaśabdenocyate / dehasyācidvastuno 'sattvam eva svarūpam; ātmanaś cetanasya sattvam eva svarūpam iti nirṇayo dṛṣṭa ityarthaḥ / vināśasvabhāvo hy asattvam / avināśasvabhāvaś ca sattvam / yathā uktaṃ bhagavatā parāśareṇa, "tasmān na vijñānam ṛte 'sti kiṃcit kvacit kadācid dvija vastujātam", "sadbhāva evaṃ bhavato mayokto jñānaṃ yathā satyam asatyam anyat", "anāśī paramārthaś ca prājñair abhyupagamyate / tat tu nāśi na saṃdeho nāśidravyopapāditam", "yat tu kālāntareṇāpi nānyasaṃjñām upaiti vai / pariṇāmādisaṃbhūtāṃ tad vastu nṛpa tac ca kim" iti / atrāpi "antavanta
ime dehāḥ", "avināśi tu tad viddhi" iti hy ucyate / tad eva sattvāsattvavyapadeśahetur iti gamyate //
2.16_2
atra tu satkāryavādasyāprastutatvān na tatparo 'yaṃ ślokaḥ; dehātmasvabhāvājñānamohitasya tanmohaśāntaye hy ubhayor nāśitvānāśitvarūpasvabhāvaviveka eva vaktavyaḥ / sa eva "gatāsūn agatāsūn" iti ca prastutaḥ / sa eva ca, "avināśi tu tad viddhi", "antavanta ime dehāḥ" iti anantaram upapādyate / ato yathā ukta evārthaḥ //
p33672
ātmanas tv avināśitvaṃ katham avagamyata ity atrāha --
2.17x
avināśi tu tad viddhi yena sarvam idaṃ tatam |
vināśam avyayasyāsya na kaścit kartum arhati ||
2.17
tad atmatattvam avināśīti viddhi, yena ātmatattvena cetanena tadvyatiriktam idam acetanatattvaṃ sarvaṃ tataṃ vyāptam / vyāpakatvena niratiśayasūkṣmatvād ātmano vināśānarhasya tadvyatirikto na kaścit padārtho vināśam kartum arhati, tadvyāpyatayā tasmāt sthūlatvāt / nāśakaṃ hi śastrajalāgnivāyvādikaṃ nāśyaṃ vyāpya śithilīkaroti / mudrādayo 'pi hi vegavat saṃyogena vāyum utpādya taddvāreṇa nāśayanti / ata ātmatattvam avināśi //
p34376
dehānāṃ tu vināśitvam eva svabhāva ityāha --
2.18
antavanta ime dehā nityasyoktāḥ śarīriṇaḥ |
anāśino 'prameyasya tasmād yudhyasva bhārata ||
p34591
"diha upacaye" ityupacayarūpā ime dehā antavantaḥ vināśasvabhāvāḥ / upacayātmakā hi ghaṭādayo 'ntavanto dṛṣṭāḥ / nityasya śarīriṇaḥ karmaphalabhogārthatayā bhūtasaṃghātarūpā dehāḥ, "puṇyaḥ puṇyena" ityādiśāstrair uktāḥ karmāvasānavināśinaḥ / ātmā tv avināśī; kutaḥ ? aprameyatvāt / na hy ātmā prameyatayopalabhyate, api tu pramātṛtayā / tathā ca vakṣyate, "etad yo vetti taṃ prāhuḥ kṣetrajña iti tadvidaḥ" iti / na cānekopacayātmaka ātmopalabhayate, sarvatra dehe "aham idaṃ jānāmi" iti dehasya cānyasya ca pramātṛtayaikarūpeṇopalabdheḥ / na ca dehāder iva pradeśabhede pramātur ākārabheda upalabhyate / ata ekarūpatvena anupacayātmakatvāt pramātṛtvād vyāpakatvāc ca ātmā nityaḥ / dehas tu upacayātmakatvāt, śarīriṇaḥ karmaphalabhogārthatvāt,
2.18_2
anekarūpatvāt, vyāpyatvāc ca vināśī / tasmād dehasya vināśasvabhāvatvād atmano nityatvāc ca ubhayāv api na śokasthānam iti, śastrapātādipuruṣasparśān avarjanīyān svagatān anyagatāṃś ca ghairyeṇa soḍhvā amṛtatvaprāptaye anabhisaṃhitaphalaṃ yuddhākhyaṃ karmārabhasva //
2.19
ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ yaś cainan manyate hatam |
ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate ||
p35852
enam -- uktasvabhāvam ātmānaṃ prati, hantāraṃ hananahetuṃ kam api yo manyate; yaś cainaṃ kenāpi hetunā hataṃ manyate; tāv ubhau na vijānītaḥ, uktair hetubhir asya nityatvād eva enam ayaṃ na hanti asyāyaṃ hananahetur na bhavati / ata eva cāyam ātmā na hanyate / hantidhātur apy ātmakarmakaḥ śarīraviyogakaraṇavācī / "na hiṃsyāt sarvā bhūtāni", "brāhmaṇo na hantavyaḥ" ityādīny api
2.19_2
śāstrāṇi avihitaśarīraviyogakaraṇaviṣayāṇi //
2.20
na jāyate mriyate vā kadācin nāyaṃ bhūtvā bhavitā vā na bhūyaḥ |
ajo nityaḥ śāśvato 'yaṃ purāṇo na hanyate hanyamāne śarīre ||
Translations (3)
- Srimad-Bhagavad-Gita — Swami Swarupananda 1909, English
- The Bhagavadgîtâ (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 8) — Kashinath Trimbak Telang 1882, English
- The Song Celestial — Edwin Arnold 1885, English
Commentaries (14)
- Jñāneśvarī — Jñāneśvara, Marathi
- Subodhinī — Śrīdhara Svāmin, Sanskrit
- Bhagavadgītāvīraśaivabhāṣya — Sanskrit
- Bhagavadāśayānusaraṇabhāṣya — Bhāskara (Vedāntin), Sanskrit
- Bhagavadgītāvivaraṇa (Sarvatobhadra) — Sanskrit
- Gītārthasaṅgraha (of Abhinavagupta) — Abhinavagupta, Sanskrit
- Bhagavadgītābhāṣya (Śāṅkarabhāṣya) — Śaṅkara, Sanskrit
- Tattvaprakāśikā — Keśava Kāśmīrī, Sanskrit
- Arthaprakāśikā — Upaniṣadbrahmayogin 1715, Sanskrit
- Sārārthavarṣiṇī — Viśvanātha Cakravartin 1680, Sanskrit
- Tātparyabodhinī — Śaṅkarānanda, Sanskrit
- Bālabodhinī — G.S. Pathak 1825, Sanskrit
- Vaṃśī — Vaṃśīdhara 1675, Sanskrit
- Gūḍhārthadīpikā — Madhusūdana Sarasvatī 1570, Sanskrit
Other recensions (1)
- Vulgate (700 verses) — Sanskrit
Linked texts (1)
- Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit