Bhagavadgita 18
Sārārthavarṣiṇī 18
- Language
- Sanskrit
Contents
18.1
śrīviśvanātha— saṃnyāsajñānakarmādestraividhyaṃ muktinirṇayaḥ| guhyasāratamā bhaktirityaṣṭādaśa ucyate|| anantarādhyāye “tadityanabhisandhāya phalaṃ yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ| dānakriyāśca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ||” ityatra bhagavadvākye mokṣakāṅkṣiśabdena saṃnyāsina evocyante, anye vā yadyanye eva te, tarhi “sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ tataḥ kuru yatātmavān” iti tvaduktānāṃ sarvakarmaphalatyāgināṃ teṣāṃ sa tyāgaḥ kaḥ? saṃnyāsināñca ko vā saṃnyāsaḥ? iti vivekato jijñāsurāha—saṃnyāsasyeti| pṛthagiti yadi saṃnyāsatyāgaśabdau bhinnārthoṃ tadā saṃnyāsasya tyāgasya ca tattvaṃ pṛthagvedimicchāmi| yadi tvekārthau tāvapi tanmate vā anyamate vā tayorekyārtham arthāt ekārthatvamiti pṛthagvedimicchāmi| he hṛṣikeśeti madbuddheḥ pravarttakatvāt tvameva imaṃ sandehamutthāpayasi| ‘keśinisūdanaḥ’ iti tañca sandehaṃ tvameva keśinamiva vidārayasīti bhāvaḥ| ‘mahābāho’ iti tvaṃ mahābāhurbalānvito'haṃ kiñcidbāhubalānvita ityetaddarśaneva mayā saha sakhyaṃ tava, na tu sārvajñyādibhiraṃśairatastvadvatta-kiñcitsakhyabhāvādeva praśne mama niḥśaṅkatā bhāvaḥ|
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—bhagavān śrīkṛṣṇane gītāmeṃ kahīṃ-kahīṃ karmasaṃnyāsakā aura kahīṃ-kahīṃ karmakā svarūpataḥ tyāga na kara saba prakārake karmoṃke phalatyāgakā upadeśa diyā hai| sthūla dṛṣṭise ina donoṃmeṃ paraspara yathārtha tātparya, unameṃ bheda tathā vaiśiṣṭyake sambandhameṃ praśnakara sthūla buddhi-sampanna logoṃke sandehako dūra karanā cāhate haiṃ| viśeṣataḥ ślokameṃ āe hue ‘keśiniṣūdana’ ‘hṛṣīkeśa’, ‘mahābāho’ ādi sambodhanoṃkā kucha gūr̤ha rahasya hai| kṛṣṇane bhīṣaṇa āsurī pravṛttivāle keśī nāmaka daityakā vadha haiṃ ki āpa mere sandeharūpa daityakā vināśa karanemeṃ pūrṇarūpase samartha haiṃ| samasta indriyoṃke preraka evaṃ prabhu honeke kāraṇa āpa mere sāre sandehoṃko sampūrṇarūpase dūrakara ātma-tattva, bhagavat-tattva aura bhakti-tattvako hai| yadi koī vyakti arjunakī bhām̐ti bhagavānke śaraṇāgata hokara unase use pūrṇa kara dete haiṃ|
18.2
śrīviśvanātha—prathamaṃ prācyaṃ matamāśritya saṃnyāsatyāgaśabdayorbhinnajātīyārthatvamāha—kāmyānāmiti| “putrakāmo yajeta” “svargakāmo yajeta” ityevaṃ kāmopabandhena vihitānāṃ kāmyānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ svarūpeṇaiva tyāgaṃ saṃnyāsaṃ vidurna tu nityānāmapi sandhyopāstyādīnāmiti bhāvaḥ| sarveṣāṃ kāmyānāṃ nityānāmapi karmaṇāṃ phalatyāgameva, na tu svarūpatastyāgaṃ keṣāmapīti bhāvaḥ| nityānāmapi karmaṇāṃ phalaṃ “karmaṇā pitṛlokaḥ” iti, “dharmeṇa pāpamapanudati” ityādyāḥ śrutayaḥ pratipādayantyevetyatastyāge phalābhisandhirahitaṃ sarvakarmakaraṇam| sanyāse tu phalābhisandhirahitaṃ nityakarmakaraṇam, kāmyakarmaṇāṃ tu svarūpeṇaiva tyāga iti bhedo jñeyaḥ|
bhāvānuvāda—pahale prācīna matakā āśrayakara saṃnyāsa aura tyāga—ina donoṃ śabdoṃke bhinna arthako batā rahe haiṃ—'kāmyānām' ityādi| 'putrakī kāmanāse yajña kareṃge', 'svargakī kāmanāse yajña kareṃge' ityādi kāmya karmoṃke svarūpataḥ tyāgako hī 'saṃnyāsa' jāno| kintu, sandhyā-upāsanā ādi nitya sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—śrībhagavān kahate haiṃ—tattvavid mahāpuruṣoṃkā tyāga na kara kevala sakāma karmoṃkā svarūpataḥ tyāga karanā hī saṃnyāsa hai tathā sakāma evaṃ nitya-naimittika karmoṃkā svarūpataḥ tyāga na kara kevala karmaphala tyāga karanā hī tyāga śabdakā tātparya hai| śāstroṃke vibhinna sthānoṃmeṃ jāna lenepara hī uparokta vicāroṃkā carama sāmañjasya sambhavapara hai| śrīkṛṣṇane śrīmadbhāgavatameṃ uddhavako lakṣyakara adhikārīke bhedase karma, karmaphalameṃ āsakta logoṃke lie karmayoga, karmaphalase virakta parama tyāgī avasthāse jñānādhikārameṃ praveśa karāneke lie karmaphalatyāga tathā abhyāsa karate-karate nitya aura naimittika karmoṃke phalakā tyāga karanā cāhie| kucha dina aisā karanepara cittake śuddha honepara jñānarūpa unnata sopānapara karmoṃkā svarūpataḥ tyāga sambhava ho sakatā hai| yahām̐ taka ki 'jñānañca mayi saṃnyaseta' ke anusāra jñānakī siddhi honepara ukta jñāna bhī parityakta bhagavān śrīkṛṣṇane kahā hai—'tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta' (śrīmadbhā. 11/20/9), 'jñānaniṣṭho virakto vā' (śrīmadbhā.11/18/28), 'yastvātmaratireva syāt' (gītā 3/17), 'sarvadharmān parityajya' (gītā 18/66) tathā yogavāśiṣṭhameṃ yogī karmoṃkā tyāga na kareṃ, eka unnata sthitimeṃ karma hī yogīkā parityāga kara degā| sādhāraṇataḥ śāstroṃmeṃ karmatyāgakā upadeśa na dekara kevala kāmya hai, usakā kāraṇa hai ki baddhajīva sādhāraṇataḥ sakāma karmoṃmeṃ āsakta rahatā pātā| jīvako kramaśaḥ uccādhikārameṃ le jāneke lie hī ye upadeśa die gae haiṃ| kramapaddhatise pahale-pahala karmaphalake tyāgakā abhyāsa karanepara cittakī śuddhi hogī, tatpaścāt ātmākī prasannatā (ātmarati) honepara hī karmoṃkā svarūpataḥ tyāga sambhava hai| bhagavānne isī dṛṣṭikoṇase 'na buddhibhedaṃ janayet' (gītā 3/26) ślokakā upadeśa diyā hai arthāt karmameṃ āsakta avivekī logoṃko karmatyāgakā upadeśa nahīṃ denā cāhie, kyoṃki buddhike apakva honeke kāraṇa unakī buddhimeṃ bhrama ho jātā hai tathā ve paramārtha-pathase cyuta kevalā bhaktimeṃ adhikāra honepara nitya-naimittika aura kāmya-sabhī karmoṃkā ślokakī ṭīkāmeṃ likhā hai ki saubhāgyavaśa mahat puruṣoṃkī kṛpāse ananyā nitya-naimittika karmoṃkā ācaraṇa karanese merī ājñālaṃghana karaneke kāraṇa pāpa sparśa karatā hai| yahām̐ para nitya karma karanekā tātparya karmamārgīya devatā-deviyoṃke uddeśyase anuṣṭhita sandhyā-upāsanā ādi hai tathā naimittika karmase pitṛ aura devatāoṃke arcana-pūjana ādi dhārmika kṛtyoṃko samajhanā cāhie| ina sabakā samucitarūpase tyāga karanepara hī śrīkṛṣṇakī ananyā ācārya pravara śrīmadgopāla bhaṭṭagosvāmī dvārā saṃkalita satkriyāsāra dīpikākā anuśīlana karanepara yaha bhalībhām̐ti samajha pāem̐ge ki śrīkṛṣṇake unake lie pitṛ puruṣoṃ athavā devī-devatāoṃke arcana-pūjanakā vidhāna bhakta dvārā anyānya karmoṃkā parityāga kie jānepara bhī koī pāpa yā avasthita sāre śubha evaṃ kalyāṇajanaka sthitiko prāpta karate haiṃ| “śrīkṛṣṇane kahā-kāmya karmoṃkā svarūpataḥ parityāgakara nitya aura naimittika karmoṃke niṣkāmarūpase anuṣṭhāna karanekā nāma hī 'saṃnyāsa' hai| nitya, naimittika aura kāmya-sabhī prakārake karmoṃkā anuṣṭhāna karate hue ṭhākura |
18.3
śrīviśvanātha-tyāge punarapi matabhedamupakṣipatti-tyājyamiti| doṣavat hiṃsādidoṣavattvāt karma svarūpata eva tyājyamityeke sāṃkhyāḥ| pare mīmāṃsakā yajñādikaṃ karmaśāstre vihitatvānna tyājyamityāhuḥ |
bhāvānuvāda-tyāgake viṣayameṃ punaḥ matabheda dikhā rahe haiṃ-'tyājyam' ityādi| kucha sāṃkhyavādiyoṃkā mata hai ki hiṃsā ādi doṣoṃse yukta honeke kāraṇa karma svarūpataḥ hī tyājya haiṃ| dūsare arthāt mīmāṃsaka loga kahate
18.4
śrīviśvanātha—svamatamāha—niścayamiti| trividhaḥ—sāttviko rājasaḥ tāmasaśceti| atra tyāgasya traividhyamupakramya “niyatasya tu saṃnyāsaḥ karmaṇo nopapadyate| mohāttasya parityāgastāmasaḥ parikīrttitaḥ||” iti tasya eva tāmasabhedaiḥ saṃnyāsaśabdaprayogādbhagavanmate tyāga-saṃnyāsaśabdayoraikyārthamevetyavagamyate|
bhāvānuvāda—aba śrībhagavān apanā mata batā rahe haiṃ—‘niścayam’ viṣayameṃ tīnoṃ prakārake tyāgoṃkā varṇanakara kahate haiṃ—nitya karmoṃkā saṃnyāsa
18.5
śrīviśvanātha—kāmyānāmapi madhye bhagavanmate sāttvikāni yajñadānatapāṃsi phalākāṅkṣārahitaiḥ karttavyānītyāha—yajñādikaṃ karttavyameva| tatra hetuḥ— pāvanānīti cittaśuddhikaratvādityarthaḥ|
18.6
śrīviśvanātha—yena prakāreṇa kṛtānyetāni pāvanāni bhavanti, taṃ prakāraṃ darśayati—etānyapīti| saṅgaṃ karttṛtvābhiniveśaṃ phalābhisandhiñca, phalābhisandhikarttṛtvābhiniveśayostyāga eva tyāgaḥ saṃnyāsaścocyate iti bhāvaḥ|
18.7
śrīviśvanātha—prakrāntasya trividhatyāgasya tāmasaṃ bhedamāha—niyatasya nityasya| mohāt śāstratātparyājñānāt| saṃnyāsī kāmyakarmaṇyāvaśyakatvābhāvāt parityajatu nāma, nityasya tu karmaṇastyāgo nopapadyate iti tu-śabdārthaḥ| mohādajñānāt, tāmasa iti tāmasatyāgasya phalamajñānaprāptireva, na tvabhīpsitajñānaprāptiriti bhāvaḥ|
bhāvānuvāda—prakaraṇake anusāra tīna prakārake tyāgameṃ se yahām̐ ‘tāmasa’ tyāgake viṣayameṃ kahā jā rahā hai| ‘mohāt’ arthāt śāstrake tātparyako
18.8
śrīviśvanātha—duḥkhamityeveti| yadyapi nityakarmaṇāmāvaśyakameva, tatkaraṇe guṇa eva, na tu doṣa iti jānāmyeva, tadapi taiḥ śarīraṃ mayā kathaṃ vṛthā kleśayitavyamiti bhāvaḥ| tyāgaphalaṃ jñānaṃ na labheta|
bhāvānuvāda—yadyapi nitya karma āvaśyaka hī haiṃ, unake karanemeṃ guṇa śarīrako kyoṃ kaṣṭa dūm̐, unakā tyāga tāmasa hai| ve tyāgake phala jñānako
18.9
śrīviśvanātha—kāryamavaśyakarttavyamiti buddhyā niyataṃ nityaṃ karma, sāttvika iti tyāgātyāgaphalaṃ jñānaṃ sa labhetaiveti bhāvaḥ|
18.10
śrīviśvanātha—evambhūtasāttvikatyāgapariniṣṭhitasya lakṣaṇamāha—na dveṣṭīti| akuśalamasukhadaṃ śīte prātaḥsnānādikaṃ na dveṣṭi, kuśale sukhagrīṣmasnānādau|
18.11
śrīviśvanātha—ito'pi śāstrīyaṃ karma na tyājyamityāha—nahīti| tyaktuṃ na śakyaṃ na śakyāni, taduktam—'na hi kaścit kṣaṇamapi jātu tiṣṭhatyakarmakṛt' iti|
18.12
śrīviśvanātha—evambhūtatyāgābhāve doṣamāha—aniṣṭaṃ narakaduḥkhamiṣṭaṃ svargasukhaṃ miśraṃ manuṣyajanmani sukhaduḥkhamatyāgināmevambhūta-tyāgarahitānāmeva bhavati, pretya paraloke|
'aniṣṭaṃ'—narakakā duḥkha, 'iṣṭaṃ'—svargakā sukha, 'miśraṃ'—manuṣya janmake nahīṃ| 'pretya'—paraloka|
18.13
śrīviśvanātha—nanu karma kurvataḥ karmaphalaṃ kathaṃ na bhavedityāśaṅkya nirahaṅkāratve sati karmalepo nāstītyupapādayitumāha—pañcaitānīti pañcabhiḥ| sarvakarmaṇāṃ siddhaye niṣpattaye imāni pañcakāraṇāni me mama vacanānnibodha jānīhi—samyak paramātmānaṃ khyāti kathayatīti saṃkhyameva sāṃkhyaṃ vedāntaśāstraṃ tasmin, kīdṛśe-kṛtaṃ karma tasyānto nāśo yasmāttasmin proktāni|
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—dehadhārī baddhajīvoṃke lie saba prakārake karmoṃkā prakārake karmoṃkā tyāga karanā amaṅgalajanaka hai| isīlie karmādhikārī nitya-naimittika karmoṃke ācaraṇakā upadeśa dekhā jātā hai| kramaśaḥ karmoṃmeṃ āsakti dūra honepara phalakī ākāṃkṣāse rahita hokara kevala kartavya-buddhise śāstravihita karmoṃkā ācaraṇa karanā kalyāṇajanaka hai| karmaphalakī kāmanāse rahita kevala karttavyake lie karmoṃkā ācaraṇa karanā hī kṛṣṇakī dṛṣṭimeṃ haiṃ| aise loga bhagavadbhaktoṃkā saṃga pākara śīghra hī bhaktirājyameṃ praveśa kara
18.14
śrīviśvanātha—tānyeva gaṇayati—'adhiṣṭhānaṃ' śarīram, 'karttā' cijjar̤agranthirahaṅkāraḥ, 'karaṇaṃ' cakṣuḥśrotrādi, pṛthagvidhamanekaprakāram, 'pṛthak ceṣṭā' prāṇāpānādīnāṃ pṛthagvyāpārāḥ, daivaṃ sarvaprerako'ntaryāmī ca|
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—ślokameṃ āe hue pām̐ca kāraṇoṃko vistṛtameṃ cāhie, kyoṃki baddhajīvake isameṃ adhiṣṭhita (avasthita) honeke kāraṇa abhimāna hī use karmaphaloṃkā bhoktā banā detā hai, isalie ātmā hī hi draṣṭā sraṣṭā'| (pra. u. 4) vedānta sūtrameṃ bhī 'jño'ta eva' (bra. sū. 2/3/17) tathā 'karttā śāstrārthavattvāt' (bra. sū. 2/3/31) ādise isakī hṛdayagata parameśvarakī preraṇāse karttavya aura akarttavyakā nirṇayakara bhaktike par̤akara śīghra hī paramagati prāpta karate haiṃ|
18.15
śrīviśvanātha—śarīrādibhiriti śārīraṃ vācikaṃ mānasaṃ ceti karma trividham, tacca sarvaṃ dvividham—nyāyaṃ dharmyaṃ, viparītamanyāyamadharmyaṃ, tasya sarvasyāpi karmaṇa ete pañca hetavaḥ|
18.16
śrīviśvanātha—tataḥ kimata āha—tatra sarvasmin karmaṇi pañcaiva hetavaḥ, ityevaṃ sati kevalaṃ vastuto niḥsaṅgamevātmānaṃ jīvaṃ yaḥ karttāraṃ paśyati, so'kṛtabuddhitvādasaṃskṛtabuddhitvādurmatirnaiva paśyati, so'jñānī andha evocyate iti bhāvaḥ|
paramātmā nāmaka koī pṛthak vastu usake hṛdayameṃ sākṣī niyantā aura mitrake rūpameṃ sthira hokara usake sabhī karmoṃkā saṃcālana kara rahe haiṃ| yadyapi deha, karttā, vibhinna ceṣṭāem̐, indriyām̐—ye saba bhautika kāraṇa haiṃ, tathāpi mukhyakāraṇa to paramātmā haiṃ| isalie manuṣyako kevala ukta cāra bhautika kāraṇoṃko hī na dekhakara sarvakāraṇa paramātmāko hṛdayameṃ avasthita dekhanā cāhie| udvigna rahate haiṃ|
18.17
śrīviśvanātha—kastarhi sumatiścakṣuṣmānityata āha—yasyeti ahaṅkṛto'haṅkārasya bhāvaḥ svabhāvaḥ karttṛtvābhiniveśo yasya nāstyataeva yasya buddhirna lipyate iṣṭāniṣṭabuddhyā karmasu nāsajjati, sa hi karmaphalaṃ na prāpnotīti kiṃ vaktavyam? sa hi karma bhadrābhadraṃ kurvannapi naiva karotītyāha—hatvāpīti| sa imān sarvānapi prāṇino lokadṛṣṭyā hatvāpi svadṛṣṭyā naiva hanti, nirabhisandhitvāditi bhāvaḥ, ato na badhyate karmamūlaṃ na prāpnotīti|
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—jo loga apaneko parameśvarake adhīna jānakara karttāpanake abhimāna evaṃ phalakāmanāse rahita hokara karmoṃkā ācaraṇa karate kisīkī hatyā nahīṃ karate evaṃ hanana-karmake phalase ābaddha nahīṃ hote|”—śrībhaktivinoda ṭhākura|
18.18.1
śrīviśvanātha—tadevaṃ bhagavanmate uktalakṣaṇāḥ sāttvikastyāga eva saṃnyāso jñānināṃ, bhaktānāntu karmayogasya svarūpeṇaiva tyāgo'vagamyate, yaduktamekādaśe bhagavataiva—“ājñāyaiva guṇān doṣān mayādiṣṭānapi svakān| dharmān saṃtyajya yaḥ sarvān māṃ bhajet sa ca sattamaḥ||” ityasyārthaḥ svāmicaraṇairvyākhyāto yathā—“mayā vedarūpeṇādiṣṭānapi svadharmān saṃtyajya yā māṃ bhajet sa ca sattama iti kimajñānato nāstikyādvā? na, dharmācaraṇe sattvaśuddhyādīn guṇān vipakṣe doṣān pratyavāyāṃśca ājñāya jñātvāpi maddhyānavikṣepaka tayā madbhaktyaiva sarvaṃ bhaviṣyatīti dṛḍhaniścayenaiva dharmān saṃtyajya” iti| atra dharmān dharmaphalāni saṃtyajyeti tu vyākhyā na ghaṭate, na hi dharmaphalatyāge kaścidatra pratyavāyo bhavedityavadheyam| ayaṃ bhāvaḥ bhagavadvākyānāṃ tadvyākhyātṝṇāñca—jñānaṃ hi cittaśuddhimavaśyamevāpekṣate, niṣkāmakarmabhiścittaśuddhitāratamye vṛtte eva jñānodayatāratamyaṃ bhavennānyathā| ataeva samyak jñānodayasiddhyarthaṃ sannyāsibhirapi niṣkāmakarmakarttavyameva, karmabhiḥ samyaktayā cittaśuddhau vṛttāyāṃ tu tairapi karma na karttavyameva| yaduktaṃ–“ārurukṣormuneryogaṃ karma kāraṇamucyate| yogārūḍhasya tasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇamucyate||” iti, “yastva ātmaratireva syādātmatṛptiśca mānavaḥ| ātmanyeva ca saṃtuṣṭastasya kāryaṃ na vidyate||” iti| bhaktistu paramā svatantrā mahāprabalā cittaśuddhiṃ naivāpekṣate yaduktaṃ–“vikrīḍitaṃ vrajavadhūbhiridañca viṣṇoḥ śraddhānvito'śṛṇuyāt” ityādau “bhaktiṃ parāṃ bhagavati pratilabhya kāmaṃ hṛdrogamāśvapahinotyacireṇa dhīraḥ||” iti|
18.18.2
atra tvātmapratyayena hṛdrogavattve bādhikāriṇi paramāyā bhakterapi prathamameva praveśastatastatraiva kāmādīnāmapagamaśca, tathā “praviṣṭaḥ karṇarandhreṇa svānāṃ bhāvasaroruham| dhunoti śamalaṃ kṛṣṇaḥ salilasya yathā śarat||” iti ca ityato bhaktyaiva yadi tādṛśī cittaśuddhiḥ syāt tadā bhaktaiḥ kathaṃ karma karttavyamiti| atha prakṛtamanusarāmaḥ–kiñca, na kevalaṃ dehādivyatiriktasyātmano jñānameva jñānaṃ tathātmatattvamapi jñeyaṃ, tādṛśa jñānāśraya eva jñānī, kintvetattrike karmasambandhaḥ varttate, tadapi saṃnyāsibhirjñeyamityāha—jñānamiti| atra ‘codanā’ śabdena vidhirucyate, yaduktaṃ bhaṭṭaiḥ–“codanā copadeśaśca vidhiścaikārthavācinaḥ” iti| uktaṃ ślokārddhaṃ svayameva vyācaṣṭe—karaṇamiti yajjñānaṃ tat ‘karaṇa’–kārakam, jñāyate'neneti jñānamiti vyutputteḥ, yajjñeyaṃ jīvātmatattvaṃ, tadeva ‘karma’–kārakam, yastasya parijñātā sa ‘karttā’ iti trividhaḥ, ‘karaṇaṃ’ ‘karma’ ‘karttā’ iti trividhaṃ kārakamityarthaḥ| ‘karma–saṃgrahaḥ’–karmaṇā niṣkāmakarmānuṣṭhānenaiva saṃgṛhyata iti ‘karmacodanā’–padavyākhyā| ‘jñānatvaṃ’, ‘jñeyatvaṃ’, ‘jñātṛtvaṃ’ caitattrayaṃ niṣkāmakarmānuṣṭhānamūlakamiti bhāvaḥ|
18.18.3
ācaraṇake viṣayameṃ sattva-śuddhi ādi guṇasamūha evaṃ dūsarī ora doṣasamūha jānakara, merī (bhagavānkī) bhakti dvārā hī sabhī siddha hoṃge—aisā dṛr̤haniścayakara dharmasamūha parityāgakara merā bhajana karate haiṃ|” ve ‘dharma’ arthāt hogī, kyoṃki aisā samajhanā cāhie ki dharmaphala-tyāgase koī doṣa nahīṃ hai| kyoṃki jñāna niścaya hī cittaśuddhikī apekṣā karatā hai; niṣkāma-karma sādhana ekānta kartavya hai| karma dvārā bhalībhām̐ti cittakī śuddhi honepara kāraṇa (sādhana) karma hai, kintu jñānabhūmikāmeṃ ārūr̤ha honepara vikṣepaka sunate haiṃ, ve bhagavānkī parābhakti lābhakara śīghra hī kāmarūpa hṛdrogako uttarameṃ kahate hai—“kāma ādise yukta vyaktike hṛdayameṃ athavā adhikāriyoṃke bhaktoṃke śravaṇapathase bhāvapadmarūpa hṛdayameṃ praveśakara unake samasta malako karmakā anuṣṭhāna kyoṃ kareṃgeṃ? yahām̐ ālocya ślokakā anusaraṇa kara haiṃ| apane ślokake ādhe aṃśakī vyākhyā svayaṃ kara rahe haiṃ-'karaṇaṃ' ityādi| ise jānanevālā hai, vahī parijñātā hai arthāt vahī jñātā hai| karaṇa, karma tathā karttā-ye tīna kāraka haiṃ arthāt 'karmasaṃgraha' haiṃ| 'karmasaṃgrahaḥ'-(karmaṇā-saṃgraha) niṣkāma karma dvārā hī saṃgṛhīta honeke kāraṇa| yaha 'karmacodanā' padakī haiṃ|
18.18.4
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti-ātmā nirguṇa vastu hai| karmakī preraṇā, karmakā śuddha ātmatattvavid hote haiṃ| ve kṛṣṇakī icchāse athavā kṛṣṇakī pratike "jñāna, jñeya aura jñātā-ye tīna hī karmacodanā (karmapravṛttike kāraṇa) preraṇā hī karmakā sūkṣmāṃśa hai arthāt karmakī sthūla sattākī prāptike pūrva karma-karttākā parijñātatva| kriyāgata avasthāke sthūla ākārameṃ karmake tīna
18.20
śrīviśvanātha—sāttvikaṃ jñānamāha—sarvabhūteṣviti| ekaṃ bhāvamekameva jīvātmānaṃ nānāvidhaphalabhogārthaṃ krameṇa sarvabhūteṣu manuṣyadevatiryagādiṣu varttamānamavyayaṃ naśvareṣvapi teṣvanaśvaraṃ vibhakteṣu parasparaṃ vibhinneṣvapyavibhaktamekarūpaṃ yena karmasambandhinā jñānenekṣate, tat sāttvikaṃ jñānam|
kāraṇoṃke kāraṇa, samasta īśvaroṃke bhī īśvara, sabake ādi, svayaṃ anādi svayaṃ-bhagavān śrīkṛṣṇa eka honepara bhī vividha avatāroṃke rūpameṃ jagatmeṃ āvirbhūta hote haiṃ| ve sabhī svarūpataḥ evaṃ tattvataḥ eka haiṃ| rasagata yā haiṃ| unase vibhinnāṃśake rūpameṃ prakaṭita jīvasamūha atyanta sūkṣma tattva haiṃ tathā saṃkhyāmeṃ ananta haiṃ— ‘bālāgraśatabhāgasya śatadhā kalpitasya ca| bhāgo jīvaḥ sa vijñeyaḥ sa cānantyāya kalpate||' (śve. u. 5/9) eka samajātīya tattva haiṃ| ve manuṣya, deva, paśu, pakṣī ādi vibhinna yoniyoṃmeṃ hue yahām̐ śrīkṛṣṇa batā rahe haiṃ ki deva, dānava, mānava, paśu, pakṣī ādi vibhinna śarīroṃmeṃ nānāvidha phaloṃko bhoganeke lie varttamāna ananta jīvoṃko cit-tattvakī dṛṣṭise akhaṇḍa, avyaya, bhedarahita ādi jisa jñānase anubhava
18.21
śrīviśvanātha—rājasaṃ jñānamāha—sarvabhūteṣu jīvātmanaḥ pṛthaktvena yajjñānamiti| dehanāśa evātmano nāśa ityasurāṇāṃ matam| ataeva pṛthakpṛthag deheṣu pṛthak pṛthagevātmeti tathā śāstrakāraṇāt pṛthag vidhān nānābhāvān nānābhiprāyan| ātmā sukhaduḥkhāśraya iti, sukhaduḥkhādyanāśraya iti, jaḍa iti, cetana iti, vyāpaka iti, aṇusvarūpa iti, aneka iti, ityādi kalpān yena eka ityādi veda tadrājasam|
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—‘rājasika jñānake dvārā nānā prakārake haiṃ—‘deha hī ātmā haiṃ’; jaina loga kahate haiṃ—‘ātmā dehase bhinna kintu deha-parimita haiṃ’; bauddha loga kahate haiṃ—‘ātmā kṣaṇika vijñānarūpa hai’; tārkika loga kahate haiṃ—‘ātmā dehase svatantra nau viśeṣa guṇoṃkā āśraya hai tathā ajar̤a hai|’ ātmā-sambandhī ye saba bhinna-bhinna abhiprāya jisake “sarvabhūtameṃ arthāt manuṣya, paśu, pakṣī ādi yoniyoṃmeṃ jo jīvātmāem̐ rājasika hai|”—śrībhaktivinoda ṭhākura|
18.22
śrīviśvanātha—tāmasaṃ jñānamāha—yatta jñānamahaitukamautpattikamevātaevaikasmin kārye laukike eva snānabhojanapānastrīsambhoge tatsādhane ca karmaṇi saktaṃ, na tu vaidike karmaṇi yajñadānādau| ataevatattvārthavat tatra tattvarūpo'rthaḥ ko'pi nāstītyarthaḥ| alpaṃ paśunāmiva yat kṣudram, tat tāmasaṃ jñānam| dehādyatiriktatvena ‘tat’-padārthajñānaṃ ‘sāttvikam,’ nānāvādapratipādakaṃ nyāyādiśāstrajñānaṃ—‘rājasam,’ snānabhojanādivyavahārikajñānaṃ—tāmasamiti saṅkṣepaḥ|
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—‘‘snāna-bhojana ādi daihika kāryoṃko bṛhat jñānako sāttvika jñāna kahate haiṃ| nānā vāda-prativādaka nyāya ādi śāstroṃke tāmasika jñāna kahate haiṃ|’’—śrībhaktivinoda ṭhākura|
18.23
śrīviśvanātha—trividhaṃ jñānamuktvā trividhaṃ karmāha—niyataṃ nityatayā vihitaṃ saṅgarahitamabhiniveśaśūnyamataevarāgadveṣato rāgadveṣābhyāṃ vinaiva kṛtamaphalaprepsunā phalākāṅkṣārahitenaiva kartrā kṛtaṃ karma yat sāttvikam|
18.24
śrīviśvanātha—kāmepsunā'lpāhaṅkāravatā ityarthaḥ sāhaṅkāreṇātyahaṅkāravatā ityarthaḥ|
18.25
śrīviśvanātha—anukarmmānuṣṭhānānantaram āyatyāṃ bhāvinaṃ bandhaṃ rājadasyuyamadūtādibhirbandhanaṃ kṣayaṃ dharmajñānādyapacayaṃ hiṃsā svasya nāśañcānapekṣyāparyālocya pauruṣaṃ vyāvahārikapuruṣamātrakarttavyaṃ karma mohādajñānādeva yadārabhyate tattāmasam|
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—varttamāna ślokameṃ bhagavān karmake tīna prakāra 'madarpaṇaṃ niṣphalaṃ vā sāttvikaṃ nijakarma tat| rājasaṃ phalasaṅkalpaṃ hiṃsāprāyādi tāmasam||' (śrīmadbhā. 11/25/23) bhagavadarpita niṣkāma nitya karmahī sāttvika kahalātā hai| phalakī icchāse kahalātā hai| “bhāvī kleśa, dharma-jñāna ādikā nāśa, hiṃsā arthāt ātmanāśa—ina sabakī ālocanā kie binā mohavaśa kevala vyavahārika pauruṣa-karmameṃ pravṛtta
18.26
śrīviśvanātha—trividhaṃ karmoktam, trividhaṃ karttāramāha—muktasaṅga iti|
18.27
śrīviśvanātha—‘rāgī’ karmaṇyāsaktaḥ, ‘lubdho’ viṣayāsaktaḥ|
bhāvānuvāda—‘rāgī’—karmameṃ āsakta, ‘lubdhaḥ’—viṣayameṃ āsakta|
18.28
śrīviśvanātha—ayukto'naucityakārī prākṛtaḥ prakṛtau svaḥsvabhāve eva varttamānaḥ, yadeva svamanasi āyāti tadevānutiṣṭhati, na tu gurorapi vacaḥ pramāṇayatītyarthaḥ| ‘naiṣkṛtikaḥ’ parāpamānakarttā| tadevaṃ jñānibhiruktalakṣaṇaḥ sāttvika eva tyāgaḥ karttavyaḥ, sāttvikameva karmaniṣṭhaṃ jñānamāśrayaṇīyaṃ, sāttvikameva karma karttavyaṃ sāttvikenaiva kartrā bhavitavyaṃ,—eṣa eva saṃnyāso jñānināmiti me jñānaṃ prakaraṇārthaniṣkarṣaḥ| bhaktānāṃ tu triguṇātītameva jñānaṃ, triguṇātītaṃ me karma bhaktiyogākhyaṃ triguṇātītā eva karttāraḥ, yaduktaṃ bhagavataiva śrīmadbhāgavate—‘‘kaivalyaṃ sāttvikaṃ jñānaṃ rajo vaikalpikaṃ tu yat| prākṛtaṃ tāmasaṃ jñānaṃ manniṣṭhaṃ nirguṇaṃ smṛtam||” iti, ‘‘lakṣaṇaṃ bhaktiyogasya nirguṇasyetyudāhṛtam” iti “sāttvikaḥ kārako'saṅgī rāgāndho rājasaḥ smṛtaḥ| tāmasaḥ smṛtivibhraṣṭo nirguṇo madapāśrayaḥ|” iti| kiñca, na kevalametatrikameva bhaktimate guṇātītamapi tu bhaktisambandhi sarvameva guṇātītam, yaduktaṃ tatraiva—‘‘sāttvikyādhyātmikī śraddhā karmaśraddhā tu rājasī| tāmasyadharme yā śraddhā matsevāyāntu nirguṇāḥ||” iti, “vanantu sāttviko vāsaḥ grāmo rājasa ucyate| tāmasaṃ dyūtasadanaṃ manniketantu nirguṇam||” iti, “sāttvikaṃ sukhamātmotthaṃ viṣayotthantu rājasam| tāmasaṃ mohadainyotthaṃ nirguṇaṃ madapāśrayam||” iti| tadevaṃ guṇātītānāṃ bhaktānāṃ bhaktisambandhīni jñānakarmaśraddhādau sva-sukhādīni sarvāṇyeva guṇātītāni| sāttvikānāṃ jñānināṃ jñānasambandhīni tāni sarvāṇi sāttvikānyeva, rājasānāṃ karmiṇāṃ tāni sarvāṇi rājasānyeva, tāmasānāmucchṛṅkhalānāṃ tāni sarvāṇi tāmasānyeveti śrīgītā-bhāgavatārthadṛṣṭyā jñeyam| jñānināmapi punarantimadaśāyāṃ jñānasaṃnyāsānantaramurvaritayā kevalayā bhaktyaiva guṇātītatvaṃ caturdaśādhyāye uktam|
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—śrīmadbhāgavatameṃ sāttvika ādike bhedase karttā ‘sāttvikaḥ kārako'saṅgī rāgāndho rājasaḥ smṛtaḥ| tāmasaḥ smṛtivibhraṣṭo nirguṇo madapāśrayaḥ||’ (śrīmadbhā. 11/25/26) arthāt, anāsakta karttā sāttvika, karma aura karmaphalameṃ atyanta āsakta karttā rājasika, vivekaśūnya karttā tāmasika tathā mere śaraṇāgata bhakta nirguṇa hote haiṃ|
18.29
śrīviśvanātha—jñānibhiḥ sarvamapi vastu sāttvikamevopādeyamiti jñāpayituṃ buddhyādīnāmapi traividhyamāha—buddheriti|
18.30
śrīviśvanātha—bhayābhaye saṃsārāsaṃsāra-hetuke|
18.31
śrīviśvanātha—‘ayathāvat’ asamyaktayā ityarthaḥ|
18.32
śrīviśvanātha—‘yā manyata’ iti—kuṭhāraśchinattītivat yayā manyate ityarthaḥ|
18.33
śrīviśvanātha—dhṛtestraividhyamāha—dhṛtyeti|
18.36
śrīviśvanātha—sāttvikaṃ sukhamāha—sārddhena ‘abhyāsāt’ punaranuśīlanādeva ramate, na tu viṣayeṣvivotpattyaiva ramate ityarthaḥ| ‘duḥkhāntaṃ’ nigacchati yasmin ramamāṇaḥ saṃsāraduḥkhaṃ taratītyarthaḥ|
18.37
śrīviśvanātha—viṣamiveti—indriyamano-nirodho hi prathamaṃ duḥkhada eva bhavatīti bhāvaḥ|
18.38
śrīviśvanātha—yadamṛtopamaṃ parastrīsambhogādikam|
18.39
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—sukha bhī sāttvika ityādi bhedase tīna prakārakā 'sāttvikaṃ sukhamātmotthaṃ viṣayotthaṃ tu rājasam| tāmasaṃ mohadainyotthaṃ nirguṇaṃ madapāśrayam||' (śrīmadbhā. 11/25/29) sukha rājasa, moha aura dainyase utpanna sukha tāmasa tathā bhagavānke kīrttana
18.40
śrīviśvanātha—anuktamapi saṃgṛhṇan prakaraṇārthamupasaṃharati—neti| tat sattvaṃ prāṇijātamanyacca vastumātraṃ kvāpi nāsti yadebhiḥ prakṛtijaistribhirguṇairmuktaṃ rahitaṃ syādataḥ sarvameva vastujātaṃ triguṇātmakaṃ, tatra sāttvikamevopādeyaṃ, rājasatāmase tu nopādeya iti prakaraṇatātparyam|
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—varttamāna ślokameṃ pūrvokta viṣayoṃkā upasaṃhāra bandhanase mukta honeke lie nirguṇa viṣayoṃkā āśraya lenā atyanta āvaśyaka ve satsaṅgake prabhāvase tīnoṃ guṇoṃse ūpara uṭhakara nirguṇa svabhāvameṃ pratiṣṭhita hokara nirguṇa premamayī bhagavat-sevāmeṃ praveśa kareṃ| sādhakoṃkī jānakārīke sādhaka sarala sahajarūpameṃ ise jānakara nirguṇa tattvameṃ praveśa kara sakeṃge| viṣaya sāttvika rājasika tāmasika nirguṇa
dravya hitakara, pavitra, sahajaprāpta indriyasukhaprada dainyajanaka,aśuddha bhagavānko nivedita
deśa vana grāma dyūtasthāna bhagavānkā mandira
phala ātmajñānajanita viṣayabhogajanita moha-dainyajanita kīrttanādi sevājanita
kāla sukha-dharmajñānalābha duḥkha, yaśa, śrīlābha śoka-mohalābha premānanda lābha
jñāna ātmaviṣayaka saṃśayātmaka āhāra-viṣayaka vihārādi parameśvara viṣayaka
karma bhagavadarpita niṣkāma karma bhagavadarpita sakāma karma aśāstrīya hiṃsādi śravaṇa-kīrttanādi
kāraka anāsakta viṣayāviṣṭa anusandhānaśūnya bhakta
śraddhā ātmaviṣayiṇī karmaviṣayiṇī adharmaviṣayiṇī sevāviṣayiṇī
avasthā jāgaraṇa svapna suṣupti turīya
ākṛti devatva naratva sthāvaratva bhagavatpada
niṣṭhā svarga martta naraka bhagavatprāpti
pūrvokta triguṇamaya aura guṇātīta viṣayoṃkā varṇana śrīmadbhāgavatameṃ pāyā jātā hai| śrībhagavānne uddhavajīse kahā hai— ‘dravyaṃ deśaḥ phalaṃ kālo jñānaṃ karma ca kārakaḥ| śraddhāvasthā''kṛtirniṣṭhā traiguṇyaḥ sarva eva hi|| sarve guṇamayā bhāvāḥ puruṣāvyaktadhiṣṭhitāḥ| dṛṣṭaṃ śrutamanudhyātaṃ buddhyā vā puruṣarṣabha||’ (śrīmadbhā. 11/25/30-31) arthāt, dravya, deśa, phala, kāla, jñāna, karma, kāraka, śraddhā, ākṛti triguṇātmaka haiṃ| triguṇoṃko kisa prakāra jītā jā sakatā hai, isake viṣayameṃ śrībhagavān kahate haiṃ— 'etāḥ saṃsṛtayaḥ puṃso guṇakarmanibandhanāḥ| yeneme nirjitāḥ saumya guṇā jīvena cittajāḥ||' (śrīmadbhā. 11/25/32) arthāt, he saumya ! dehātma-buddhike kāraṇa jīva prākṛta guṇa aura karmase sambaddha hokara nānā prakārakī yoniyoṃmeṃ bhramaṇa kara rahā hai| satsaṅgake prabhāvase cittajāta dehātma-abhimānarūpa ina guṇoṃko jo loga bhaktiyogake sādhanase jīta lete haiṃ, ve mere prati niṣṭhā prāptakara paramapada arthāt bhagavat-dhāmameṃ bhagavat-sevā prāpta karate haiṃ| grahaṇakara bhagavat-sevāmeṃ niyukta karate haiṃ, ve bhagavānkī acintya śaktike prabhāvase nirguṇa bana jāte haiṃ| śrīmadbhāgavata ādi śāstroṃmeṃ sthāna-sthānapara
18.41.1
śrīviśvanātha—kiñca, triguṇātmakamapi prāṇijātaṃ svādhikāraprāptena vihitakarmaṇā parameśvaramārādhya kṛtārthībhavatītyāha—brāhmaṇeti ṣaḍbhiḥ| svabhāvenotpattyaiva prabhavanti prādurbhavanti ye guṇāḥ sattvādayastaiḥ prakarṣeṇa vibhaktāni pṛthakkṛtāni karmāṇi brāhmaṇādīnāṃ vihitāni santītyarthaḥ| adhikāra-prāpta śāstravihita karmoṃ dvārā parameśvarakī ārādhanākara kṛtārtha hote haiṃ| isīlie 'brāhmaṇa' ityādi chaḥ ślokoṃko kaha rahe haiṃ| ‘svabhāvaprabhavairguṇaiḥ’—unake svabhāvase hī utpanna jo sāttvika ādi guṇasamūha hote haiṃ arthāt karttavyake rūpameṃ nirdhārita hote haiṃ| sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—bhagavān śrīkṛṣṇa manuṣyoṃko triguṇamaya avasthāse upara uṭhākara kramānusāra unnata adhikārameṃ lāneke lie guṇa aura karmake anusāra unake karmakā vibhāgakara varṇadharmakā nirūpaṇa kara kalyāṇakārī tathā vijñāna-sampanna hai| kintu, samayake pherase tathākathita varṇāśrama dharmiyoṃmeṃ nānā prakārake doṣa dekhakara sādhāraṇa loga usake prati śraddhāhīna ho gae haiṃ| yahām̐ taka ki sādhāraṇa loga bhāratīya samājameṃ pracalita rūḍhivāda, jātigata bheda aura vaiṣamyakā sārā doṣa varṇāśrama dharmake upara pṛthvīke anyānya rāṣṭroṃkī apekṣā atyanta pichar̤e hue haiṃ| adhikāṃśa loga to isī bīca varṇadharmako sampūrṇarūpase dhvasaṃkara jāti-varṇahīna eka nāstika viṣayako naṣṭa karanā jitanā sahaja hai, usakā pravarttana karanā utanā hī kaṭhina hai| bhagavān aise logoṃko sabuddhi pradāna kareṃ|
18.41.2
kyā ve loga gambhīra rūpase isakā vicārakara aisā kara rahe haiṃ athavā bhāvanāmeṃ bahakara vyaktigata isa viṣayameṃ śrīla bhaktivinoda ṭhākura dvārā racita śrīcaitanya śikṣāmṛta granthase manoyogapūrvaka isakā anuśīlanakara avagata hoveṃ— hotā| svabhāvake kisī aṃśako hī aṃgrejī bhāṣāmeṃ jiniyasa ceṣṭā karanī cāhie| bhāratavarṣake manuṣya cāra prakārake svabhāva-bhedase cāra varṇoṃmeṃ vibhakta haiṃ| varṇa-vibhāgakī vidhiyoṃkā pālana karate hue samājameṃ sthita honepara saba prakārakī sāmājika kriyāem̐ svābhāvika rūpase hī phalavatī loga artha evaṃ vijñāna ādi sabhī viṣayoṃmeṃ sarvaśreṣṭha evaṃ pūjanīya hai, ataeva varṇa-vidhiko svīkāra karanā vyartha hai| parantu, unakā aisā sandeha kalā-kauśalase kucha-kucha grahaṇakara jagatameṃ eka prakārakā kārya kara rahe haiṃ| kramaśaḥ kucha dina bītanepara ye naī jātiyām̐ ṭhosa vijñānake ādhārapara pratiṣṭhita samāja-vyavasthāke abhāvameṃ sarvathā lupta ho jāyeṃgī| bhāratīya ārya jātimeṃ varṇa-vyavasthā vidyamāna rahanese hī isa vārddhakya evaṃ jīrṇa-śīrṇa vīryameṃ kahīṃ adhika bar̤hī-car̤hī huī thīṃ| parantu, āja unakī kyā daśā hai? āja ve apane jāti-lakṣaṇase rahita hokara anyānya ādhunika jātiyoṃke dharma aura lakṣaṇa grahaṇakara apanī pūrvāvasthāse sarvathā bhinna rūpameṃ badala gaī haiṃ| yahām̐ taka ki una jātiyoṃke varttamāna loga apane vīra pūrvapuruṣoṃkī vīratā ādi para garva taka nahīṃ karate|
18.41.3
yadyapi hamāre deśakī ārya jāti roma aura grīka jātiyoṃse na jāne kitanī adhika prācīna ki kevala varṇāśrama-vyavasthā sudṛr̤ha rahaneke kāraṇa unakā jāti-lakṣaṇa apaneko śrīrāmacandrajīkā vīra-vaṃśaja mānate haiṃ| jātikī vārddhakya-daśāse bhāratavāsī jitane bhī patita kyoṃ na hoṃ, jaba taka unameṃ varṇa-vyavasthā pracalita rahegī, taba taka ve ārya hī raheṃge, ve kadāpi anārya nahīṃ ho sakeṃge| romana ādi yūropīya ārya-vaṃśīya loga hāna aura bhāṇḍāla ādi antyaja jātiyoṃke logoṃke sātha mila-julakara eka ho gae haiṃ| yūropīya jātiyoṃke varttamāna samājakā adhyayana karanepara hama dekha pāyeṃge ki usa hī pasanda karate haiṃ tathā śūdra svabhāvavāle vyakti sādhāraṇataḥ sevā kāryako hī śreṣṭha samajhate haiṃ| vastutaḥ kucha na kucha aṃśoṃmeṃ varṇadharmako apanāe binā koī samāja ṭika nahīṃ sakatā| vivāha ādi kriyāoṃmeṃ agrasara hogā| sabhī kriyāoṃmeṃ do prakārakī praṇāliyām̐ kārya karatī taka vaijñānika praṇālīko apanāyā nahīṃ jātā, taba taka vahām̐ avaijñānika dvārā hī jala-yātrāem̐ huā karatī thīṃ, parantu vaijñānika jalayānoṃkā nirmāṇa hote hī aba jala-yātrāem̐ ina vaijñānika jala-yānoṃ (jahājoṃ) ke dvārā varṇa-vyavasthākā sucāru rūpase pracalana nahīṃ ho jātā, taba taka eka avaijñānika prāthamika avasthā hī usa deśake samājakī paricālanā karatī hai| ājakala bhāratavarṣako chor̤akara saṃsārake sabhī deśoṃmeṃ varṇa-vyavasthākī prāthamika avasthā hī vahām̐ke samājakī paricālanā karatī hai|
18.41.4
isalie varṇa-vyavasthā bhāratameṃ pūrṇāvasthāmeṃ pratiṣṭhita hokara bhī antameṃ usameṃ kucha aise roga laga gae, jinake kāraṇa hī bhāratakī kucha avanati dṛṣṭigocara tretāyugake prārambhameṃ ārya jātikī unnati caramāvasthāko pahum̐ca cukī thī| usī samaya varṇāśrama-vyavasthākī sthāpanā huī| usa samaya aisī vidhi banāī gaī ki hara vyakti apane svabhāvake anusāra varṇako prāpta karegā nirdiṣṭa kie gae karmoṃko hī apanānā hogā| śrama-vibhāga-vidhi aura svabhāva-nirūpaṇa-vidhi dvārā jagatke karma bar̤e hī sucāru ḍhaṅgase paricālita parakhakara hī upayukta varṇameṃ use śāmila kara liyā jātā thā| jābālī aura gautama, jānaśruti aura citraratha ādikā vaidika itihāsa hī isakā nāmaka prasiddha brāhmaṇa vaṃśakī utpatti huī hai| aila vaṃśameṃ hotrake putra jahnu brāhmaṇa hue| bharyasva rājāke vaṃśameṃ maudgalya gotrīya śatānanda aura kṛpācārya ādi brāhmaṇa utpanna hue| śāstrameṃ aise aise asaṃkhya udāharaṇa haiṃ, jinameṃ jisa samaya varṇa-vyavasthā aise sundara aura saṃskṛtarūpameṃ pracalita thī, usa samaya bhāratakā yaśaḥsūrya madhyāhna ravikī bhām̐ti pṛthvīmeṃ sarvatra hī apanī prabhākā vistāra kara rahā thā| saṃsārake sāre deśa bhāratavāsiyoṃko rājā, pūrvokta varṇāśrama-dharma bhāratameṃ bahuta samaya taka viśuddha rūpameṃ calatā avaidha rūpase brāhmaṇake rūpameṃ svīkṛta honepara unhoṃne apane svabhāvaviruddha brāhmaṇatvakā tyāgakara brāhmaṇa aura kṣatriyoṃke bīca kalaha paidākara śānti varṇa-vyavasthā kramaśaḥ jora pakar̤atī gaī|
18.41.5
kucha samaya paścāt manusmṛti rūpase praveśa honepara ucca varṇa-prāptikī āśāse rahita honepara kṣatriyoṃne vidroha kiyā| ve bauddha dharmakī sṛṣṭikara brāhmaṇa ādikā dhvaṃśa karaneke hai| jaba veda-virodhī bauddha dharma brāhmaṇa ādike viruddha uṭha khar̤ā huā, taba janmagata varṇa-vyavasthā sahaja hī dṛr̤hatara hotī calī gayī| eka ora kuvyavasthā aura dūsarī ora svadeśa-niṣṭhā ina donoṃ bhāvoṃmeṃ paraspara vivāda uṭha khar̤ā huā, jisane kramaśaḥ bhāratavāsī ārya santānako naṣṭaprāya kara diyā| brahma-svabhāva-vihīna nāmamātrake brāhmaṇoṃne svārthapara dharma-śāstroṃkī racanākara dūsare varṇoṃko ṭhaganā ārambha kara diyā| kṣātra svabhāvavihīna kṣatriyagaṇa yuddhase vimukha hokara rājyase cyuta hone lage aura antameṃ tuccha aura heya bauddha dharmakā pracāra karane lage| vaṇika svābhāvarahita vaiśyagaṇa jainādi dharmoṃkā pracāra karane lage| aisī daśāmeṃ bhāratakā saṃsāra-vyāpī vyāpāra dhīre-dhīre naṣṭa hone lagā aura śūdra svabhāvavihīna śūdragaṇa apane svabhāvānukūla kārya na pāneke kāraṇa dasyuprāya ho gaī| isase vedādi sat-śāstroṃkī carcā kramaśaḥ baṃda ho gayī| mleccha deśake śāsakoṃne maukā dekhakara bhāratapara ākramaṇa karake use apane adhikārameṃ daboca liyā| jāti eka dina pṛthvīkī sārī jātiyoṃkā śāsaka aura guru thī, āja varṇa-vyavasthāmeṃ nānā prakārake doṣa ā jāneke kāraṇa usakā kramaśaḥ śithila prabhukī icchā honepara hī koī śaktyāviṣṭa puruṣa punaḥ yathārtha varṇāśrama-dharmakī pratiṣṭhā kareṃge| purāṇoṃke racayitā bhī hamārī taraha āśā vidhikā vicāra kiyā jāya|
18.41.6
kisa varṇakā kisa karmameṃ adhikāra hai, usakā dharmaśāstrameṃ vistārase atithiyoṃko anna-dāna, pavitratāke lie dinameṃ tīna bāra snāna, deva-deviyoṃkī pūjā, veda-pāṭha, upadeśa denā, paurohitya karanā, upanayana ādi dharma-yuddha, rājya-śāsana, prajā-rakṣaṇa aura bar̤e-bar̤e dāna ādi karmoṃmeṃ sevā-kāryoṃmeṃ śūdrakā adhikāra hai| vivāhādi vrata, īśa-bhakti, paropakāra, sādhāraṇa dāna, guru-sevā, atithi-satkāra, pavitratā, mahotsava, go-sevā, jagat-vṛddhikaraṇa aura nyāya-ācaraṇa ādi karmoṃmeṃ sabhī varṇoṃke sabhī strī-puruṣoṃkā adhikāra hai| pati sevā-kāryameṃ striyoṃkā viśeṣa adhikāra upayogī karmoṃmeṃ hī usakā adhikāra hai| sabhī loga sarala buddhi dvārā apane-apane karmādhikārako sthira kara sakate haiṃ| yadi koī vyakti aisā karanemeṃ asamartha ho, to vaha upayukta guruse pūchakara apanā karmādhikāra sthira kare| nirguṇa vaiṣṇavagaṇa isa viṣayameṃ adhika jānanekī icchā karanepara śrīmadgopāla bhaṭṭa gosvāmīkṛta 'satkriyāsāra-dīpikā' granthakā adhyayana kareṃge|
18.42
śrīviśvanātha—tatra sattvapradhānānāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ svābhāvikāni karmāṇyaha—śama iti| ‘śamo’'ntarindriyanigrahaḥ, ‘damo’ bāhyendriyanigrahaḥ ‘tapaḥ’ śārīrādi, ‘jñānavijñāne’ śāstrānubhavotthe, ‘āstikyaṃ’ śāstrārthe dṛr̤haviśvāsaḥ-evamādi brahmakarma brāhmaṇasya karma svabhāvajaṃ svābhāvikam|
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—śrīmadbhāgavatameṃ śama, dama, tapa, śauca, santoṣa, sahiṣṇutā, saralatā, jñāna, dayā, satya aura bhagavadbhakti—inako brāhmaṇakā ‘śamodamastapaḥ śaucaṃ santoṣaḥ kṣāntirārjavam| jñānaṃ dayācyutātmatvaṃ satyaṃ ca brahmalakṣaṇam||' (śrīmadbhā. 7/11/21) śrīkṛṣṇane uddhavako bhī śama, dama, tapa, śauca, santoṣa, sahiṣṇutā, saralatā bhagavadbhakti, dayā, satya ādiko brāhmaṇakā guṇa batāyā hai| ‘dhṛtā tanūruśatī me purāṇī yeneha sattvaṃ paramaṃ pavitram| śamo damaḥ satyamanugrahaśca tapastitikṣānubhavaśca yatra||' (śrīmadbhā. 5/5/24) arthāt, jinhoṃne isa lokameṃ adhyayana ādike dvārā merī vedarūpā ati sattvaguṇa, śama, dama, satya, dayā, tapa, titikṣā aura jñāna ādi āṭha vyaktigata, samājagata, jātigata yā rāṣṭragata ahita honekī kalpanā taka brāhmaṇoṃke sthalapara yadi una guṇoṃse rahita vyakti apaneko brāhmaṇa kaheṃ, to aise brāhmaṇabruva vyaktiyoṃke dvārā samājakā amaṅgala hogā, isameṃ tanika sammāna diyā jāya| gītāke anusāra guṇa, karma, svabhāva aura saṃskārake anusāra kisī vyaktike varṇakā nirūpaṇakara use ucita sammāna diyā jāya, jisase hamāre samājameṃ vaśiṣṭha, nārada, vyāsa ādi jaise brāhmaṇa ho sakeṃ, kṣatriyoṃmeṃ śrīrāma, arjuna, bhīma, mahārāja bharata jaise śūravīra paidā ho sakeṃ, jisake dvārā saṃsārameṃ śānti aura sukhakī pratiṣṭhā ho sake| āja jisa prakāra jāti aura vargarahita nāstika samājakā gaṭhana ho rahā hai, usameṃ cāroṃ ora hatyā, lūṭamāra, ḍakaitī, beīmānī ādikā bolabālā aisī durdaśā kabhī nahīṃ dekhī gaī| 'yasya yallakṣaṇaṃ prokta puṃso varṇābhivyañjakam| yadanyatrāpi dṛśyeta tat tenaiva vinirdiśet||' (śrīmadbhā. 7/11/35) arthāt, manuṣyoṃke varṇako batānevāle jo jo lakṣaṇa kahe gae, una una lakṣaṇoṃko jahām̐ dekhā jāegā, usī varṇase usako nirdeśita karanā hogā| kevala janma dvārā varṇa nirdiṣṭa nahīṃ hogā| vibhinna śrauta evaṃ smārtta-pramāṇa tathā prācīna prathāke anusāra viśvavyāpī śrīgaur̤īyamaṭhake pratiṣṭhātā nityalīlā praviṣṭa oṃ viṣṇupāda aṣṭottaraśata śrīśrīmadbhaktisiddhānta sarasvatī ṭhākura 'prabhupāda' ne varttamāna yugameṃ daiva varṇāśrama-dharmakā punaḥ pracalana kiyā hai|
18.43
śrīviśvanātha—sattvopasarjanarajaḥ pradhānānāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ karmāha—'śauryaḥ' parākramaḥ, 'tejaḥ' prāgalbhyam, 'dhṛtiḥ' dhairyam īśvarabhāvo lokaniyantṛtvam|
'śauryaṃ vīryaṃ dhṛtistejastyāga ātmajayaḥ kṣamā| brahmaṇyatā prasādaśca rakṣā ca kṣatralakṣaṇam||' (śrīmadbhā. 7/11/22) arthāt, yuddhameṃ utsāha, vīratā, dhīratā, tejasvitā, tyāga, manojaya, kṣamā, brāhmaṇoṃke prati bhakti, anugraha aura prajākī rakṣā karanā—ye kṣatriyoṃke lakṣaṇa haiṃ|
18.44
śrīviśvanātha—tama upasarjanaraja:pradhānānāṃ karmāha—kṛṣīti| gāṃ rakṣatīti gorakṣastasya bhāvo gorakṣyam| rajaupasarjanatamaḥ pradhānānāṃ śūdrāṇāṃ karmāha—paricaryātmakaṃ brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāṃ paricarcārūpam|
18.46
śrīviśvanātha—yataḥ parameśvarāt, tamevābhyarcya iti anena karmaṇā parameśvarastuṣyatviti manasā tadarpaṇameva tadabhyarcanam|
18.47
śrīviśvanātha—na ca kriyādibhiḥ svadharmaṃ rājasaṃ ca vīkṣya tatrānabhirucyā sāttvikaṃ karma karttavyamityāha—śreyāniti| paradharmāt śreṣṭhādapi svanuṣṭhitāt samyaganuṣṭhitādapi svadharmo viguṇo nikṛṣṭo'pi samyaganuṣṭhātumaśakyo'pi śreṣṭhaḥ| tena bandhuvadhādi-doṣavattvāt svadharmaṃ yuddhaṃ tyaktvā bhikṣāṭanādirūpaparadharmastvayā nānuṣṭheya iti bhāvaḥ|
tātparya varṇāśrama dharmase hai, vahīṃ varttamāna ślokake vicārakā avalambana kiyā jāegā, kintu jahām̐ svadharmakā tātparya ātmadharma arthāt śrīharibhaktise hai, vahām̐ ‘sarvadharmān parityajya’ ityādi ślokoṃke vicārakā avalambana karanā hī karttavya hai| jahām̐ svadharmakā artha ātmadharma hai, vahām̐ paradharmakā tātparya deha-mana-ādike dharmase hai| jaba taka ātmadharma śrīharibhaktimeṃ śraddhā na ho, taba taka svabhāva-vihita karmakā ācaraṇa hī śreya hai| jaisā ki ‘tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta na nirvidyeta yāvatā| mat kathā śravaṇādau vā śraddhā yāvanna jāyate||' (śrīmadbhā. 11/20/9) “uttamarūpase anuṣṭhita paradharmakī apekṣā asamyak rūpase anuṣṭhita svadharma hī śreya hai, kyoṃki svabhāvavihita karmakā nāma hī ‘svadharma’ hai| yadi svadharma kabhī ṭhīkase anuṣṭhita na bhī ho, to bhī isase sarvakālika sambhāvanā nahīṃ rahatī|”—śrībhaktivinoda ṭhākura|
18.48
śrīviśvanātha—na ca svadharma eva kevalaṃ doṣo'stīti mantavyam, yataḥ paradharmeṣvapi doṣaḥ kaścit kaścidastyevetyāha—sahajaṃ svabhāvavihitaṃ, hi yataḥ sarve'pyārambhāḥ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭasādhanāni karmāṇi doṣeṇāvṛtā eva, yathā dhūmena doṣeṇāvṛta eva vahnirdṛśyate, ato dhūmarūpaṃ doṣamapākṛtya tasya tāpa eva tamaḥ-śītādinivṛttaye yathā sevyate tathā karmaṇo'pi doṣāṃśaṃ vihāya guṇāṃśaṃ eva sattvaśuddhaye sevya iti bhāvaḥ|
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—svabhāvavihita karmako hī sādhāraṇataḥ svadharmameṃ kucha doṣoṃko lakṣyakara dūsare dharmoṃko grahaṇa karate haiṃ, to usase dharmameṃ hiṃsā ādikī vyavasthā dekhakara use chor̤akara brahma-dharmako nirdoṣa upakaraṇasamūha prākṛta dravya honeke kāraṇa unake dvārā kie jānevāle karmoṃmeṃ kucha-na-kucha doṣa avaśya hī varttamāna rahatā hai| jaise yajñameṃ kisī-na-kisī
18.49
śrīviśvanātha—evaṃ sati karmaṇi doṣāṃśān karttṛtvābhiniveśaphalābhisandhi-lakṣaṇān tyaktavataḥ prathamasaṃnyāsinastasya kālena sādhanaparipākato yogārūḍhatvadaśāyāṃ karmaṇāṃ svarūpeṇāpi tyāgarūpaṃ dvitīyaṃ saṃnyāsamāha—asaktabuddhiḥ sarvatrāpi prākṛtavastuṣu na saktā āsaktiśūnyā buddhiryasya saḥ, ato jitātmā vaśīkṛtacitto vigatā brahmalokaparyanteṣvapi sukheṣu spṛhā yasya saḥ, tataśca saṃnyāsena karmaṇāṃ svarūpeṇāpi tyāgena naiṣkarmyasya paramāṃ śreṣṭhāṃ siddhimadhigacchati prāpnoti, yogārūḍhadaśāyāṃ tasya naiṣkarmyamatiśayena siddhaṃ bhavatītyarthaḥ |
āsaktirahita buddhi hai, 'jitātmā'—jinakā citta vaśīkṛta hai, 'vigataspṛhaḥ'— svarūpataḥ tyāgase naiṣkarmyarūpī paramasiddhi prāpta karate haiṃ| yogārūr̤ha daśāmeṃ
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—kisa prakāra karmoṃke doṣavāle aṃśako tyāgakara
“prākṛta vastumeṃ āsaktiśūnya buddhivālā hokara, vaśīkṛta cittavālā hokara tathā brahmaloka-prāpti takake sukha ādimeṃ nispṛha hokara svarūpataḥ karmako tyāgakara ve naiṣkarmyarūpī paramasiddhi lābha karate haiṃ|”—śrībhaktivinoda ṭhākura|
18.50
śrīviśvanātha—tataśca yathā yena prakāreṇa brahma prāpnoti brahmānubhavatītyarthaḥ| yairajñānasya niṣṭhā parā paramo'nta ityarthaḥ,—“niṣṭhā niṣpattināśāntāḥ” ityamaraḥ| avidyāyāmuparataprāyāyāṃ vidyāyā apyuparamārambhe yena prakāreṇa jñānasaṃnyāsaṃ kṛtvā brahmānubhavettaṃ budhyasvetyarthaḥ|
18.53
śrīviśvanātha—buddhyā viśuddhayā sāttvikyā ātmānaṃ mano niyamya| dhyānena bhagavaccintanenaiva yaḥ paroyogastatparāyaṇaḥ, balaṃ kāmarāgayuktaṃ na tu sāmarthyam| ahaṅkārādīn vimucyetyavidyoparamaḥ, śāntaḥ sattvaguṇasyāpyupaśāntimāniti kṛtajñānasaṃnyāsa ityarthaḥ,—“jñānañca mayi saṃnyaset” ityekādaśokteḥ| ajñānajñānayoruparamaṃ vinā brahmānubhavānupapattiriti bhāvaḥ| brahmabhūyāya brahmānubhavāya kalpate samartho bhavati||51-53||
yahām̐ balakā tātparya hai—kāmake rāgase yukta, na ki sāmarthya| ahaṃkāra ādiko tyāgakara ve brahmānubhavake yogya hote haiṃ, yahī avidyākā uparama ‘brahmabhūyāya kalpate’ kā tātparya hai—brahmake anubhavameṃ samartha honā||51-53|| sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—apane vṛttiparaka sāttvika karmoṃke phalako bhagavānke lie arpaṇa karaneke phalasvarūpa sādhakoṃkā citta śuddha ho jātā ve indriya-tṛptikara viṣayoṃke prati anāsakta tathā rāga-dveṣase mukta ho jāte haiṃ| aisī sthitimeṃ ve mithyā ahaṅkāra arthāt dehātma-buddhise rahita ho jāte isīko ‘brahmabhūta’ avasthā kahī gaī hai| yahām̐ taka ki ve apane sūkṣma śarīrako bhī parityāgakara ātmasvarūpameṃ pratiṣṭhita ho jāte haiṃ||51-53||
18.54
śrīviśvanātha—tataścopādhyapagame sati brahmabhūto'nāvṛtacaitanyatvena brahmarūpa ityarthaḥ, guṇamālinyāpagamāt| prasannaścāsāvātmā ceti saḥ, tataśca pūrvadaśāyāmiva naṣṭaṃ na śocati na cāprāptaṃ kāṅkṣati dehādyabhimānābhāvāditi bhāvaḥ| sarveṣu bhūteṣu bhadrābhadreṣu bālaka iva ‘samaḥ’ bāhyānusandhānābhāvāditi bhāvaḥ| tataśca nirindhanāgnāviva jñāne śānte'pyanaśvarāṃ jñānāntarbhūtāṃ madbhaktiṃ śravaṇakīrttanādirūpāṃ labhate, tasyā matsvarūpaśaktivṛttitvena māyāśaktibhinnatvādavidyāvidyayorapagame'pyanapagamāt| ataeva parāṃ jñānādanyāṃ śreṣṭhāṃ niṣkāmakarmajñānādyurvaritatvena kevalāmityarthaḥ| ‘labhate’ iti pūrva jñānavairāgyādiṣu mokṣasiddhayarthaṃ kalayā varttamānāyā api sarvabhūteṣvantaryāmina iva tasyāḥ spaṣṭopalabdhirnāsīditi bhāvaḥ| ataeva kuruta ityanuktvā labhate iti prayuktam,—māṣamudgādiṣu militāṃ teṣu naṣṭeṣvapyanaśvarāṃ kāñcanamaṇikāmiva tebhyaḥ pṛthakṛtyā kevalāṃ labhata itivat| sampūrṇāyāḥ premabhaktestu prāyastadānīṃ lābhasambhavo'sti, nāpi tasyāḥ phalaṃ sāyujyamityataḥ ‘parā’ śabdena premalakṣaṇeti vyākhyeyam|
sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—brahmabhūta avasthā prāpta karaneke bāda bhī parabrahma ki māyika guṇoṃse mukta hokara brahma-svabhāvameṃ avasthita jīva hī brahmabhūta kahalātā hai| śrīviśvanātha cakravarttī ṭhākurane likhā hai—sthūla-sūkṣma upādhiyoṃke dūra honepara śuddha citsvarūpa-prāpta jīvakī avasthāko hī brahmabhūta hokara sampūrṇarūpase apanī sattākā lopa ho jānā samajhate haiṃ, isakā yahām̐ śrīmadhvācārya, śrīviśvanātha cakravarttī, śrībaladeva vidyābhūṣaṇa ādine uparokta 'tattvamasi' 'sarvaṃ khalvidaṃ brahma' 'prajñānaṃ brahma'—ina cāroṃ vākyoṃko vedoṃkā mahāvākya kahakara tathā inakā viparīta arthakara māyāvāda sthāpanakā jo hai—'tuma unake ho' arthāt tuma unake dāsa ho, kintu māyāvādiyoṃkī guṇātmaka dṛṣṭise kucha aṃśoṃmeṃ unakī samānatā hai arthāt brahmakā aṃśa ki pratyeka upaniṣadke pratyeka mantrakā pṛthak-pṛthak vicārakara punaḥ una sabakā samaṣṭigata vivecana karanepara vedakā yathārtha artha jānā jā sakatā hai| prādeśika vākyoṃko lekara khīṃcā-tānī karanese eka-na-eka kumata bāhara hogā hī| isalie śrīcaitanya mahāprabhune vedoṃkā sarvāṃgīṇa vivecanakara jīva aura jar̤akā śrīharise yugapata 'bhedābhedarūpa acintya-paramatattva' kā upadeśa diyā hai| (ka) ‘pradhāna kṣetrajña patirguṇeśaḥ’ (śve. u. 6/16) (kha) ‘tamāhuragryaṃ puruṣaṃ mahāntam’ (śve. u. 3/19) (ga) ‘yāthātathyato'rthān vyadadhāt’ (ī. u. 8) (gha) ‘tenedaṃ pūrṇaṃ puruṣeṇa sarvam’ (śve. u. 3/9) (ṅa) ‘nityo nityānām’ (ka. u. 2/13, śve. u. 6/13) ataḥ kisī sthitimeṃ jīva brahmameṃ ghula-milakara eka nahīṃ ho sakatā| ataḥ brahmabhūta śabdakā tātparya jīvakā apane svarūpagata nitya sthitimeṃ pratiṣṭhita honā hī hai| brahmabhūta avasthāko prāpta jīvoṃke lakṣaṇa yahām̐ batāye jā rahe haiṃ— (ka) prasannātmā—prākṛta guṇamaya sūkṣma śarīrake dūra honeke kāraṇa sadā-sarvadā prasanna rahanā prathama lakṣaṇa hai| (ga) na kāṃkṣati—bhagavat-prītikī kāmanāke atirikta kisī bhī sāṃsārika viṣayoṃkī ākāṃkṣā nahīṃ karate arthāt daihika abhimānake na rahaneke kāraṇa hī viṣaya-bhogakī lālasāse rahita hote haiṃ| (gha) samaḥ sarveṣubhūteṣu—bhadra-abhadra samasta prāṇiyoṃke prati bālakoṃkī bhām̐ti samadarśī hote haiṃ| (ṅa) maddraktiṃ parām—merī parābhaktikī abhilāṣā rakhanevāle| ye unake lakṣaṇa haiṃ| aise lakṣaṇavāle brahmabhūta mahātmā, sādhusaṅgameṃ bhagavānkī parā-premābhakti prāpta karate haiṃ| prasaṃgavaśa yahām̐ ‘parābhakti’ ke vāstavika tātparyako jāna lenā ucita hai— ‘anyābhilāṣitāśūnyaṃ jñānakarmādyanāvṛtam| ānukūlyena kṛṣṇānuśīlanaṃ bhaktiruttamā||' arthāt, kṛṣṇasevāke atirikta anyānya kāmanāoṃse rahita, nirbheda brahmajñāna, nitya-naimittika ādi karma, yoga, tapasyā ādise sarvathā anāvṛta evaṃ anukūla bhāvase kṛṣṇānuśīlanako uttamā bhakti kahate haiṃ| yahī uttamā bhakti samasta śāstroṃkā pratipādya viṣaya hai| varttamāna ślokakī ṭīkāmeṃ kevalādvaitavādī ācārya śaṃkara, ānandagiri aura madhusūdana sarasvatī pramukha ṭīkākāroṃne jñānalakṣaṇā bhaktiko hī parābhakti batāyā hai| kintu,
18.55.1
śrīviśvanātha—nanu tayā labdhayā bhaktyā tadānīṃ tasya kiṃ syādityato'rthāntaranyāsenāha—bhaktyeti| ahaṃ yāvān yaścāsmi taṃ māṃ tatpadārthaṃ jñānī vā nānāvidho bhakto vā bhaktyaiva tattvato'bhijānāti| “bhaktyāhamekayā grāhyaḥ” iti madukteḥ| yasmādevaṃ tasmāt prastutataḥ sa jñānī, tatastayā bhaktyaiva tadanantaraṃ vidyoparamāduttarakāla eva māṃ jñātvā māṃ viśati matsāyujyasukhamanubhavati, mama māyātītatvādvidyāyāśca māyātvāt vidyayāpyahamavagamya iti bhāvaḥ| yattu “sāṃkhyayogau ca vairāgyaṃ tapo bhaktiśca keśave| pañcaparvaiṣā vidyā” iti nāradapañcarātre vidyāvṛttitvena bhaktiḥ śrūyate tat khalu hlādinīśaktivṛtterbhaktereva kalā kācidvidyāsāphalyārthaṃ vidyāyāṃ praviṣṭā karmasāphalyārthaṃ karmayoge'pi praviśati, tayā vinā karmajñānayogādīnāṃ śramamātratvokteḥ| yato nirguṇā bhaktiḥ sadguṇāmayyā vidyāyā vṛttirvastuto na bhavatyato hyajñānanivarttakatvenaiva vidyāyāḥ kāraṇatvaṃ tatpadārthajñāne tu bhaktereva| kiñca, “sattvāt sañjāyate jñānam” iti smṛteḥ sattvajaṃ jñānaṃ sattvameva, tacca sattvaṃ ‘vidyā’—śabdenocyate yathā, tathā bhaktyutthaṃ jñānaṃ bhaktireva, saiva kvacit ‘bhakti’-śabdena, kvacit ‘jñāna’-śabdena cocyate iti jñānamapi dvividhaṃ draṣṭavyam| tatra prathamaṃ jñānaṃ saṃnyasya, dvitīyena jñānena brahmasāyujyamāpnuyādityekādaśaskandhapañcaviṃśatyadhyāyadṛṣṭyāpi jñeyam|
18.55.2
atra kecidbhaktyā vinaiva kevalanaiva jñānena sāyujyārthinaste jñānimāninaḥ kleśamātraphalā ativigītā eva, anye tu ‘bhaktyā vinā kevalena jñānena na muktiriti jñātvā bhaktimiśrameva jñānamabhyasyanto bhagavāṃstu māyopādhireveti bhagavadvapurguṇamayaṃ manyamānā yogārūḍhatvadaśāmapi prāptāste'pi jñānino vimuktamānino vigītā eva; yaduktam—“mukhabāhūrupādebhyaḥ puruṣasyāśramauḥ saha| catvāro jajñire varṇā guṇairviprādayaḥ pṛthak|| ya evaṃ puruṣaṃ sākṣādātmaprabhavamīśvaram| na bhajantyavajānanti sthānādbhraṣṭāḥ patantyadhaḥ||” iti| asyārthaḥ—ye na bhajanti, ye ca bhajanto'pyavajānanti te saṃnyāsino'pi vinaṣṭāvidyā apyadhaḥpatanti, tathā hyuktam—“ye'nye'ravindākṣa vimuktamāninastvayyastabhāvādaviśuddhabuddhayaḥ| āruhya kṛcchreṇa paraṃ padaṃ tataḥ patantyadho'nādṛtayuṣmadaṅghrayaḥ” iti| atra aṅghripadaṃ bhaktyaiva prayuktaṃ vivakṣitam, ‘anādṛtayuṣmadaṅghraya’ iti— tanoguṃṇamayatvabuddhireva tanoranādaraḥ, yaduktam—“avajānanti māṃ mūḍhā mānuṣīṃ tanumāśritam” iti, vastutastu mānuṣī sā tanuḥ saccidānandamayyeva, tasyāḥ dṛśyatvantu dustarkyatadīyakṛpāśaktiprabhāvādeva yaduktaṃ nārāyaṇādhyātmavacanam— “nityāvyakto'pi bhagavānīkṣyate nijaśaktitaḥ| tāmṛte paramānandaṃ kaḥ paśyettamamamaṃ prabhum||” iti|
18.55.3
evañca bhagavattanoḥ saccidānandamayatve “kliptaṃ saccidānandavigrahaṃ śrīvṛndāvanasurabhūruhatalāsīnam” iti, “śābdaṃ brahma vapurdadhat” ityādi śrutismṛtipara-sahasravacaneṣu pramāṇeṣu satsvapi “māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyānmāyinantu maheśvaram” iti śrutidṛṣṭyaiva bhagavānapi māyopādhiriti manyante kintu svarūpabhūtayā nityaśaktyā māyākhyayā yutaḥ—“ato māyāmayaṃ viṣṇuṃ pravadanti sanātanam” iti mādhvabhāṣyapramāṇitaśruteḥ| māyāntu ityatra ‘māyā’ śabdena svarūpabhūtā cicchaktirevābhidhīyate na tvasvarūpabhūtā triguṇamayyeva śaktiriti tasyāḥ śruterarthaṃ na manyante, yadvā prakṛtiṃ durgāṃ māyinantu maheśvaraṃ śambhuṃ vidyādityarthamapi naiva manyante| ato bhagavadaparādhena jīvanmuktatvadaśāṃ prāptā api te'dhaḥpatanti, yaduktaṃ ‘vāsanā’bhāṣyadhṛtaṃ pariśiṣṭavacanam—‘jīvanmuktā api punaryānti saṃsāravāsanām| yadyacintyamahāśaktau bhagavatyaparādhinaḥ||” iti te ca phalaprāptau satyāmarthāt ‘nāsti sādhanopayogaḥ’ iti matvā jñānasaṃnyāsakāle jñānaṃ tatra guṇībhūtāṃ bhaktimapi saṃtyajya mithyaivāparokṣabrahmānubhavaṃ tvasya manyante| śrīvigrahāparādhena bhaktyā api jñānena sārddhamantarddhānādbhaktiṃ te punarnaiva labhante; bhaktyā vinā ca tatpadārthānanubhāvāmṛṣā-samādhayo jīvanmukta-mānina eva te jñeyāḥ, yaduktam—“ye'nye'ravindākṣa vimuktamāninaḥ’ iti|
18.55.4
ye tu bhaktimiśraṃ jñānamabhyasyanto bhagavanmūrtiṃ saccidānandamayīmeva manyamānāḥ krameṇāvidyāvidyayoruparāme parāṃ bhakti na labhante, te jīvanmuktā dvividhāḥ—eke sāyujyārthaṃ bhaktiṃ kurvantastayaiva ‘tat’ padārthamaparokṣīkṛtya tasmin sāyujyaṃ labhante, te saṃgītā eva, apare bhūribhāgā yādṛcchikaśāntamahābhāgavatasaṅgaprabhāveṇa tyaktamumukṣāḥ śukādivadbhaktirasamādhuryāsvāde eva nimajjanti, te tu paramasaṃgītā eva; yaduktaṃ - "ātmārāmaśca munayo nirgranthā apyurukrame| kurvantyahaitukīṃ bhaktimitthambhūtaguṇo hariḥ||" iti| tadevaṃ caturvidhā jñānino dvaye vigītāḥ patanti dvaye saṃgītāstaranti saṃsāramiti| kevala jñānakā avalambanakara hī sāyujya prāpta karanekī kāmanā karate haiṃ| aise jñānābhimānī kevala kleśa hī prāpta karate haiṃ, ataeva ve atiśaya mukha-bāhu-jaṃghā-pādase guṇake anusāra cāra āśramoṃke sātha brāhmaṇa ādi honeke kāraṇa atyanta kleśase anāsaktirūpa paramapada prāpta karanepara bhī śabdase śrīmādhavake bhaktase bhinna anyako samajhanā cāhie|) yahām̐ ‘aṅghri’ pada bhakti dvārā hī vivakṣita hai arthāt bhagavānke śrīcaraṇakamaloṃkā anādara karanekā artha hai—bhaktikā anādara karanā| ‘anādṛtayuṣmadaṅghrayaḥ’—śrībhagavānke śarīrako guṇamaya mānanā hī unake nitya avyaktasvarūpa honepara bhī kevala apanī śaktike prabhāvase hī lakṣita ‘klṛptaṃ saccidānandavigrahaṃ śrīvṛndāvanasurabhūruhatalāsīnam’, ‘śābdaṃ brahma vapurdadhat’ (śrīmadbhā.
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- Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit