Bhagavadgita 18.2

18.2

śrīviśvanātha—prathamaṃ prācyaṃ matamāśritya saṃnyāsatyāgaśabdayorbhinnajātīyārthatvamāha—kāmyānāmiti| “putrakāmo yajeta” “svargakāmo yajeta” ityevaṃ kāmopabandhena vihitānāṃ kāmyānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ svarūpeṇaiva tyāgaṃ saṃnyāsaṃ vidurna tu nityānāmapi sandhyopāstyādīnāmiti bhāvaḥ| sarveṣāṃ kāmyānāṃ nityānāmapi karmaṇāṃ phalatyāgameva, na tu svarūpatastyāgaṃ keṣāmapīti bhāvaḥ| nityānāmapi karmaṇāṃ phalaṃ “karmaṇā pitṛlokaḥ” iti, “dharmeṇa pāpamapanudati” ityādyāḥ śrutayaḥ pratipādayantyevetyatastyāge phalābhisandhirahitaṃ sarvakarmakaraṇam| sanyāse tu phalābhisandhirahitaṃ nityakarmakaraṇam, kāmyakarmaṇāṃ tu svarūpeṇaiva tyāga iti bhedo jñeyaḥ|
bhāvānuvāda—pahale prācīna matakā āśrayakara saṃnyāsa aura tyāga—ina donoṃ śabdoṃke bhinna arthako batā rahe haiṃ—'kāmyānām' ityādi| 'putrakī kāmanāse yajña kareṃge', 'svargakī kāmanāse yajña kareṃge' ityādi kāmya karmoṃke svarūpataḥ tyāgako hī 'saṃnyāsa' jāno| kintu, sandhyā-upāsanā ādi nitya sā. va. prakāśikā vṛtti—śrībhagavān kahate haiṃ—tattvavid mahāpuruṣoṃkā tyāga na kara kevala sakāma karmoṃkā svarūpataḥ tyāga karanā hī saṃnyāsa hai tathā sakāma evaṃ nitya-naimittika karmoṃkā svarūpataḥ tyāga na kara kevala karmaphala tyāga karanā hī tyāga śabdakā tātparya hai| śāstroṃke vibhinna sthānoṃmeṃ jāna lenepara hī uparokta vicāroṃkā carama sāmañjasya sambhavapara hai| śrīkṛṣṇane śrīmadbhāgavatameṃ uddhavako lakṣyakara adhikārīke bhedase karma, karmaphalameṃ āsakta logoṃke lie karmayoga, karmaphalase virakta parama tyāgī avasthāse jñānādhikārameṃ praveśa karāneke lie karmaphalatyāga tathā abhyāsa karate-karate nitya aura naimittika karmoṃke phalakā tyāga karanā cāhie| kucha dina aisā karanepara cittake śuddha honepara jñānarūpa unnata sopānapara karmoṃkā svarūpataḥ tyāga sambhava ho sakatā hai| yahām̐ taka ki 'jñānañca mayi saṃnyaseta' ke anusāra jñānakī siddhi honepara ukta jñāna bhī parityakta bhagavān śrīkṛṣṇane kahā hai—'tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta' (śrīmadbhā. 11/20/9), 'jñānaniṣṭho virakto vā' (śrīmadbhā.11/18/28), 'yastvātmaratireva syāt' (gītā 3/17), 'sarvadharmān parityajya' (gītā 18/66) tathā yogavāśiṣṭhameṃ yogī karmoṃkā tyāga na kareṃ, eka unnata sthitimeṃ karma hī yogīkā parityāga kara degā| sādhāraṇataḥ śāstroṃmeṃ karmatyāgakā upadeśa na dekara kevala kāmya hai, usakā kāraṇa hai ki baddhajīva sādhāraṇataḥ sakāma karmoṃmeṃ āsakta rahatā pātā| jīvako kramaśaḥ uccādhikārameṃ le jāneke lie hī ye upadeśa die gae haiṃ| kramapaddhatise pahale-pahala karmaphalake tyāgakā abhyāsa karanepara cittakī śuddhi hogī, tatpaścāt ātmākī prasannatā (ātmarati) honepara hī karmoṃkā svarūpataḥ tyāga sambhava hai| bhagavān‌ne isī dṛṣṭikoṇase 'na buddhibhedaṃ janayet' (gītā 3/26) ślokakā upadeśa diyā hai arthāt karmameṃ āsakta avivekī logoṃko karmatyāgakā upadeśa nahīṃ denā cāhie, kyoṃki buddhike apakva honeke kāraṇa unakī buddhimeṃ bhrama ho jātā hai tathā ve paramārtha-pathase cyuta kevalā bhaktimeṃ adhikāra honepara nitya-naimittika aura kāmya-sabhī karmoṃkā ślokakī ṭīkāmeṃ likhā hai ki saubhāgyavaśa mahat puruṣoṃkī kṛpāse ananyā nitya-naimittika karmoṃkā ācaraṇa karanese merī ājñālaṃghana karaneke kāraṇa pāpa sparśa karatā hai| yahām̐ para nitya karma karanekā tātparya karmamārgīya devatā-deviyoṃke uddeśyase anuṣṭhita sandhyā-upāsanā ādi hai tathā naimittika karmase pitṛ aura devatāoṃke arcana-pūjana ādi dhārmika kṛtyoṃko samajhanā cāhie| ina sabakā samucitarūpase tyāga karanepara hī śrīkṛṣṇakī ananyā ācārya pravara śrīmadgopāla bhaṭṭagosvāmī dvārā saṃkalita satkriyāsāra dīpikākā anuśīlana karanepara yaha bhalībhām̐ti samajha pāem̐ge ki śrīkṛṣṇake unake lie pitṛ puruṣoṃ athavā devī-devatāoṃke arcana-pūjanakā vidhāna bhakta dvārā anyānya karmoṃkā parityāga kie jānepara bhī koī pāpa yā avasthita sāre śubha evaṃ kalyāṇajanaka sthitiko prāpta karate haiṃ| “śrīkṛṣṇane kahā-kāmya karmoṃkā svarūpataḥ parityāgakara nitya aura naimittika karmoṃke niṣkāmarūpase anuṣṭhāna karanekā nāma hī 'saṃnyāsa' hai| nitya, naimittika aura kāmya-sabhī prakārake karmoṃkā anuṣṭhāna karate hue ṭhākura |