Nyayasutra 6
Prakāśa of Keśava Miśra Tarkācārya 6
- Language
- Sanskrit
6.1
evaṃ prathamāhnike, pañcāvayavātmake sāṅgopāṅge nyāye lakṣite, samprati nyāyatadābhāsa vivekahetubhūtopālambhaparāṇāṃ kathāhetvābhāsacchalakathakāśaktiliṅgānāṃ lakṣaṇamityāhnikayorhetuhetumadbhāvarūpā saṅgatiḥ |
tatrādau kathāprakaraṇam prādhānyāt | hetvābhāsādīnāṃ sādhanadūṣaṇavacanasandarbhātmakakathaikadeśatvāt | tatrāpyetacchāstroddeśyatattatvajñānasākṣādupāyatvāt vādasya prādhānyāt ādau tallakṣaṇāya sūtram—‘‘pramāṇa……vādaḥ’’ |
sūtrākṣiptaṃ kathāsāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ vibhāgaśca | tacca pakṣapratipakṣaparigraha iti sūtraikadeśena kṛtamiti kaścit | kathakāśaktiliṅgavadvākyatvamityanye | jātiviśeṣa evetyapare | sāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ ca prakaraṇaikyāya nirvāncyameveti dik | vibhāgaśca sā tredhā vādo jalpo vitaṇḍā ceti |
sūtrārthastu vāda iti lakṣyanirdeśaḥ | śeṣaṃ lakṣaṇāya parikaraśodhanāya ca | pakṣaḥ siṣādhayiṣito'rthaḥ pratipakṣastadvirodhī siṣādhayiṣita eva | tayoḥ parigraho'ṅgīkāro yatreti kathāprayojako viruddhārthāṅgīkāra uktaḥ | etāvanmātraṃ kathāntarasādhāraṇaṃ vitaṇḍāyāmapi | sādhanīyaṃ mayā, dūṣaṇīyaṃ tvayeti pakṣapratipakṣaparigrahādityata uktam—pramāṇatarkasādhanopālambha iti | pramāṇena tarkeṇa ca sādhanaṃ sthāpanamupālambhaḥ parapakṣapratiṣedhaśca yasmin sa tathā | yadvā pramāṇatarketi sādhanopālambhābhyāmanvīyate | vāde pramāṇatarkābhyāmeva sādhanopālambhaḥ vītarāgatvādvadinoḥ | jalpādau chalādisādhanopālambhatā vijigīṣukathātvāt | siddhāntāviruddha ityanenāpasiddhāntopagrahaḥ | sarvahetvābhāsānāṃ ca teṣāṃ siddhānte niṣedhena tadvirodhāt | avayavopapattyā vā teṣāmupagrahaḥ pañca[kṣa]grahaṇāt | nyūnādhikayorityaṣṭanigrahādhikaraṇo vādaḥ | tattvanirṇāyukathā vāda iti lakṣaṇākarṣaḥ |
6.2
vādalakṣaṇānantaramubhayasthāpanāvattyā tatsāmyājjalpalakṣaṇāya sūtram—‘‘yathokto……jalpaḥ’’ | yathoktena pramāṇena tarkasādhanopālambha iti mātreṇopapannaḥ upālambhapadādevāśeṣanigrahasthānaprāpteḥ pakṣapratipakṣaparigrahasyāpi chalādibhirūpālambho yatretyanyapadārthatayā lābhāt | atra chalādīnāmapi prayogaḥ, kathakayoḥ vijigīṣutvāt na tu vāde | paṭcpeṭādīnāmavacanatvādeva na prasaṅgaḥ | lakṣaṇaṃ tūbhayapakṣasthāpanāvatī vijigīṣukathā jalpaḥ | nanu vitaṇḍayaivārthasiddheḥ kiṃ tadadhikenaitarkartavyatākayānayā kathayeti cet na, yatraikasya sādhanamātre aparasya dūṣaṇamātre sāmarthyanirūpaṇaṃ tatra vitaṇḍā ! yatra tu dvayasyāpyubhayatra sāmarthyanirūpaṇaṃ tatra dvābhyāṃ sādhanadūṣaṇaprayoge jalpaḥ |
6.3
jalpopajīvakatvāttadanantaraṃ vitaṇḍālakṣaṇāya sūtram- "sa......vitaṇḍā" | sa jalpaḥ pūrvavādipakṣāpekṣayā prativādina ātmīya eva pakṣaḥ pratipakṣastasya sthāpanā | tatsiddhau pramāṇavacanam tayā hono vitaṇḍeti jalpād bhedo darśitaḥ | nanu jalpo vitaṇḍeti vyāhatamiti cenna sa iti śabdena pakṣasthāpanāvata upasthāpanāt | sa kathārūpa vacanasandarbha ityanye | tathā cānyatarasthāpanāhīnā vijigīṣukathā vitaṇḍeti lakṣaṇam |
nanvidaṃ lakṣaṇamasaṃbhavi dūṣaṇamapyasādhakatānumānamiti tatrāpi sthāpanāstyeveti cenna kathāhetuvipratipattiviṣayakoṭisādhakaprayogasya sthāpanātvāt | satpratipakṣo'pi doṣo'stīti cet doṣatvena, na sthāpyatveneti dik |
]
6.4
kathāprakaraṇānantaraṃ tadviṣayeṣu lakṣaṇīyeśu hetvābhāsānāṃ saduttaratvādasaduttaratvācca chalāderutkarṣāt teṣāṃ lakṣaṇāya prakaraṇam | tatrākṣiptasāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ vibhāgoddeśasūtram- "savyabhicāra...... hetvābhāsāḥ" | atra hetvābhāsā iti lokaprasiddhalakṣyānuvādena ahetavo anyatamahetudharmānuvidhānena hetuvadābhāsamānā iti yogataḥ sāmānyalakṣaṇe tātparyam | taccānumitikāraṇībhūtābhāvapratiyogiyathārthajñānaviṣayatvam |
] [ jātilakṣaṇam ]
6.5
tatra parasparāsaṅkīrṇāḥ katyupādhayo dūṣakatāprayojakā ityapekṣāyāṃ nyūnādhikasaṃkhyāvyavacchedako vibhāgoddeśa ityuddeśakamānurodhāt savyabhicāralakṣaṇāya sūtram"anaikā... savyabhicāraḥ" | savyabhicāra iti lakṣyanirdeśaḥ, śeṣaṃ lakṣaṇam | anavadhāritānaikāntikapadārthasya savyabhicāritvamapi lokaprasiddhaṃ kadācillakṣaṇamiti paryāyadvayanirdeśena darśitam | ekasminvante sādhyavati tadabhāvavati niyata aikāntikaḥ, atathābhūto'nvayād vyatirekādvā'naikāntikaḥ | ubhayakoṭyupasthāpakatāvacchedakarūpavattvaṃ savyabhicāratvamiti paryavasitārthaḥ | sa cāyaṃ trividhaḥ, sādhāraṇasādhāraṇānupasaṃhārya [ ri ] bhedāt | tatra vipakṣagāmitvaṃ sādhāraṇatvam | śabdo'nityo niḥsparśātvādityādau | sapakṣavyāvṛtto asādhāraṇaḥ | yathā bhūrnityā gandhavattvādityādau | kevalānvayidharmāvacchinnapakṣakatvamanupasaṃhārya [ ri ] tvam | yathā sarvamanityaṃ prameyatvādityādau |
6.6
uddeśakramānurodhād viruddhalakṣaṇāya sūtram- "siddhānta ... viruddhaḥ" | viruddha iti lakṣyanirdeśaḥ | tadvirodhīti lakṣaṇam | taditi sādhyam tena sādhyavirodhivān sādhyāsahacāra1 iti yāvat | tāvanmātramanye sādhyāsahacarite'tivyāptimityata uktam-siddhāntamabhyupetyeti | siddhāntaḥ pakṣaḥ sarvatantrasiddhatvāt tamabhyupetya pratijñāya prayujyate iti yāvat | tena svasādhyābhāvavyāpto viruddha ityarthaḥ | udāharaṇaṃ ghaṭo nityaḥ kāryatvāt | sādhyavyāpakābhāvapratiyogitvaṃ viruddhatvamiti dik |
uddeśakramasaṅgṛtyā sūtram- “kālā...tītaḥ” | atītakālatvenoddeśe'pi paryāyāntareṇa kālātīta iti lakṣyanirdeśaḥ | kālātyayāpadiṣṭa iti lakṣaṇam | hetvapadeśasya hi sādhyasandehaviśiṣṭaḥ kālaḥ | yadāhuḥ [bhāṣyakārāḥ] nānupalabdhe na nirṇīte nyāyaḥ pravartata iti | tasyātyaye sati apadiṣṭo nirdiṣṭaḥ sa hi pramāṇato1 viparītanirṇayena2 sādhyasandehaviśiṣṭaṃ kālamatipatatīti bhavati kālātyayāpadiṣṭa iti sūtrārthaḥ | na caivaṃ siddhasādhanenātivyāptiḥ, virodhoddeśena3 dūṣakatvasya vivakṣitatvāt | lakṣaṇaṃ tu balavatpramāṇapramāpitasādhyābhāvavaddharmikatvam | sa cāyaṃ saṃkṣepāddaśavidha iti saṃkṣepaḥ |
[ chalaprakaraṇam 8|
[ chalalakṣaṇam ]
6.7
uddeśakramānurodhāt prakaraṇasamalakṣaṇāya sūtram- "yasmāt ... prakaraṇasamaḥ” | prakriyate sādhyatvena nirdiśyate vādibhyāmiti prakaraṇaṃ pakṣapratipakṣau tasya cintā jijñāsā | sā hi tattvānupalabdherbhavati | saiva cedanupalabdhirubhayapakṣasamā nirṇayāya apadiśyate | yathā śabdo'nityaḥ nityadharmānupalabdheḥ | atrānityadharmānupalabdhirapi yadā tadā samānabalatvajñānadaśāyāṃ viśeṣānupalabdheḥ bhavati jijñāsāmātramiti phaladvārakaṃ lakṣaṇam | tathā ca prakṛtasādhyahetvoḥ kiṃ tattvamiti jijñāsājanikā vyāptipakṣadharmatopasthitiḥ prakaraṇasama iti siddham |
6.8
uddeśakramānurodhāt sādhyasamalakṣaṇāya sūtram - "sādhyā... sādhyasamaḥ” | atrāsiddha iti yadi lakṣaṇamucyeta tadā asiddhimātraniṣedhe atyantāsiddha eva labhyeta | na tvanyatarāsiddha ityata uktam- sādhyāviśiṣṭa iti | yathāsādhyamanyatarāsiddhaṃ tathāyamityarthaḥ | tathāpyanyatarāsiddha eva vyāpyeta | sādhyasya tathātvādityata uktam
sādhyatvāditi | tenāsiddhimātraṃ vivakṣitam | vyāptiḥ pakṣadharmatā ca siddhistābhyāmapramito'siddha iti lakṣaṇam | sā ca tridhā āśrayāsiddhiḥ, svarūpāsiddhiḥ vyāpyatvāsiddhiḥ pakṣāniścayāt tatra liṅgāniścayāt vyāpteraniścayāt krameṇa |
[ kālātītalakṣaṇam ]
6.10
evaṃ paravākyodbhāvanīyasvavākyapariharaṇīyahetvābhāsaprakaraṇānantaraṃ jigīṣuṇā saduttarasamādhānāparisphūtau tadābhāsavyutpādanamavasaraprāptam | tatrāpi jāteḥ svavyāghātakatvena jaghanyatvācchalasya tu tātparyato duṣṭatve'pi kvacidabhidheye aduṣṭatvena kiñcidabhyarhitatvāt asphūrtāvapi tadeva prayoktavyamiti chalaprakaraṇam | tatsāmānyalakṣaṇāya sūtram-‘vacana...chalam’ | chalādiṣu phalasādhanatvamekaikasyaivetyekavacanamiti bhāskaraḥ | vacanasya paroktasya vighāto dūṣaṇamarthasya parābhipretabhinnasya vikalpo vaicitryaṃ tadupapattistatsambhavata [sta] yā ityarthaḥ | arthagrahaṇena yatrārthāntarakalpanātanna cchalam | tena parā [bhimata] tātparyaviṣaye śabdatātparyasañcāreṇa dūṣaṇavacanaṃ chalalakṣaṇam4 | jātyarthakalpitadūṣyadūṣaṇaṃ vā |
[ chalaprakārābhidhānam ]
6.11
tadvibhāgāya sūtram - “tat trividhaṃ... chalaṃ ca” iti |
6.12
uktipūrvakatvāt tātparyyajñānasya, tadupapattyopacāracchalakalpaneti vākchalasyādāvuddeśaḥ | tadanurodhādādau vākchalalakṣaṇāya sūtram-“aviśeṣā···vākchalam” | aviśeṣeṇābhihite'nupanyastārthāntaravyavacchedake'rthe vakturabhiprāyāropādarthāntarakalpanā vākchalamityarthaḥ | tena mukhyārthatātparyeṇa prayukte mukhyārthāntarasañcāreṇa dūṣaṇaṃ vākchalamiti lakṣaṇam | yathā nava kambalvānayamityatra nūtane prayuktasya nava padasya saṃkhyāyāṃ tātparyyasañcārāt kuto'sya nava kambalā iti dūṣaṇam | tacca trividham, dharmidharmobhayapadasañcārāt | tadapi pratijñāhetudṛṣṭāntabhedānnavavidham | tatra pratijñāyāṃ traividhyam, krameṇa bhūbhṛdayaṃ vīryyaśālī, ayaṃ na1 nakhaprasūnāñcitakaraḥ, ajā garbhavatītyādau parvatakhapuṣpaprakṛtyantaḥsañcārāt | hetvāśrayatrayaṃ, yathā gajo'yaṃ viṣāṇitvāt | āḍhyo'yaṃ navakambalatvāt2 | gajā'yaṃ gurudvijatvāt ityādau dantasaṃkhyāsamṛddhadanteṣu prayuktasya śṛṅginūtanapāṭhayiṭṭavipreṣu sañcārāt | dṛṣṭāntāśrayatrayam, yathā sāvayavatvādambaravat navakambalavat mahārājavadityādi neyam | svecchayā kalpitadūṣyadūṣaṇatvena prakrāntā [nta] dūṣakatvāt nāsya saduttaratvam, śabdaśaktyupajīvanāt |
6.13
anantaraṃ sāmānyacchalalakṣaṇāya sūtram-‘sambhavato···sāmānyacchalam” | saṃbhavato'rthasyeti tātparyyasañcāre'vatisāmānyayogādityārope bījamātrapradarśanamasambhūtatvam | tātparyyaviṣayatayā tena vivakṣitānyavākyārthe tātparyyasañcārā3dūṣaṇavacanaṃ sāmānyacchalamiti lakṣaṇam | tacca padavākyatātparyyasañcārād dvedhā | tadapi pratyekaṃ ṣaḍvidham, saṃbhavaniyamayoḥ vidheyatvoddeśyatvayoḥ viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyatvayoḥ parasparam | yathā brāhmaṇe vidyābrāhmaṇatvam, anityaṃ kāryaṃ, śabdo'nityaḥ, dvijaśataṃ bhojinam, śataṃ dvijātayo bhojitā ityādau |
6.14
śaktitātparyyanirūpyatvādanantaramupacāracchalalakṣaṇāya sūtram-“dharmavikalpa··· upacāracchalam” | dharmaḥ śabdasya prayogaḥ, tasya vikalpo dvaividhyam mukhyatvabhāktvabhedāt | tena nirdeśe vacane ubhayathā prayogasaṃbhave bhaktyā prayukte arthasya śakyasya sadbhāvapratiṣedhaḥ sattvaniṣedhaḥ | tena bhaktyā prayuktasya śabdasya mukhye sañcārāddūṣaṇā-
bhidhānamupacāracchalamityarthaḥ | yathā mañcāḥ krośantīti | atra kathamacetane krośanamiti dūṣaṇaṃ lokasiddhalakṣaṇāya prayogeṣu vakturdoṣaḥ | svakalpitalakṣaṇāyāmeva taddopatvāt pratijñāhetūdāharaṇā 1 dyāśrayatvādivaṃ bahuvidham | ayaṃ māṇavakaḥ siṃhaḥ, ayaṃ puruṣaśārdū lo rājasiṃhasya, ayaṃ deśo ghoṣavāsayogyo gaṅgātvāt | ayaṃ dhvanihetuḥ krośakatvāt mañcavadityādyūhyam | bhaktyā prayuktasya bhaktyantare'pīdaṃ draṣṭavyaṃ, śaktyā prayuktasya bhaktyeva vākchale |
[ chalaparīkṣā ]
6.15
atra pūrvapakṣasūtram—"vākchala...viśeṣāt"| tadaviśeṣāt tātparyasañcārāviśeṣādityarthaḥ | atra tadaviśeṣāditi sūtrabahi[rbhūta] miti jayantaḥ | tanna, sāṃce sādhye sautrasyaiva hetoryuktatvāt | vārttikakṛtā tu tacchūnye yaditi sūtramiti kṛtam | tadādyabhāgābhiprāyeṇa | ata eva ṭīkāyāṃ tadantarbhāvena pratyāhāraḥ |
6.16
siddhāntasūtram—"na...bhāvāt"| tasyopacārasya vākchalabhedakarūpārthāntarasadbhāvādityarthaḥ | śaktibhaktibhyāṃ viśeṣāditi |
nigrahasthānenaiva kathāvasānādarthataḥ paścāttadabhidhānamiti tallakṣaṇāya sūtram— “vipratipatti···nigrahasthānam”| vipratipattiḥ bhramaḥ, apratipattiḥ prakṛtājñānam| tayośca paragatayorayogyayośca svarūpeṇodbhāvayitumaśakyata [tvāt] pratijñāhānyādisāmānādhikaraṇyānupapatteśca| tadudbhāvakopādhiparatayā sūtraṃ vyākhyeyamata eva nigrahasya tadubhayasya sthānaṃ liṅgaṃ pratijñāhānyādi nigrahasthānamityucyate| parasparanairapekṣyasūcanayā [nāyā] samāsa [karaṇa] lakṣaṇa [sādhanasya sāmarthyaparijñā] nābhāvaliṅgatvaṃ nigrahasthānatvamiti | tenāpratibhādisaṅgrahaḥ |
6.17
vipakṣe bādhakamāha—"aviśeṣe...prasaṅgaḥ"| evamabhyupagataṃ chaladvitvamapi nivarteta ityarthaḥ | nanūkte anuktatvasyānukte uktatvasyāropeṇa dūṣaṇaṃ, tasya chalatvāt kāntarbhāvaḥ ? sāmānyacchalaeveti prapañcitaṃ mayaiva tarkatāṇḍave |
[ puruṣaśaktiliṅgakaprakaraṇam |
6.18
atha puruṣaśaktiliṅgasāmānyaprakaraṇam | tatrāpi pratijñāhānyādyapekṣayā anudbhaṭāparādhatayā paravyāmohanahetutvājjāterapi nigrahasthānatvasya lakṣaṇīyatvāt | prathamaṃ jātilakṣaṇāya sūtram—"sādharmya...jātiḥ"| sādharmyeṇa vaidharmyeṇa ca yat pratyavasthānam pratīpamavasthānaṃ sā jātiriti svarūpakathanenottararūpatvaṃ darśitam | sāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ ca sūcitam | tattvasya vyāghātakamuttaraṃ jātiriti | sarvaṃ cedaṃ pañcama upapādayiṣyāmi |
6.20
idānīṃ jātinigrahasthānaviśeṣalakṣaṇaṃ sūcitamatastatpraṇayanasamarthanāya sūtram— “tadvikalpāt···bahutvam”| tacchabdena jātinigrahasthānānukarṣaḥ| vikalpo vaicitryaṃ nānātvaṃ tasmād bahutvamatastepāmidānīṃ viśeṣalakṣaṇapraṇayane abhyarhitapramāṇādiparīkṣāvilambaḥ syāditi śāstratastatpraṇayanamityarthaḥ |
Linked texts (1)
- Nyāyasūtra — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit