Nyayasutra 4.1

4.1

atrakathāsāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ vibhāgaścākṣepalabhyau| yadyapi kathāsāmānyaṃ [nya lakṣaṇaṃ ] noddiṣṭaṃ tathāpyekaṃ lakṣaṇīyameva | anyathā vādādilakṣaṇasūtrāṇāṃ pūrvāparaprakaraṇāntarbhūtānāmekaikasūtreṇāprakaraṇatvācchāstrasya bahirbhāvāpatteḥ |
sūtrakṛtā tathātvenānuddeśaḥ kathāsāmānyasyaikaṃ prayojanaṃ nāstīti jñāpanāya | yadyapi kathāmātre paranigrahasthānapratipādanamekaṃ
...mabhimatana sādhanasvarūpālambha iti | vāde sarvānigrahasthānaniṣedhe prāpte'bhimatārthānigrahasthānaprāptyarthaṃ siddhāntāviruddha ityādinā viśeṣo'bhidhīyate, na hiṃsyāt sarvābhūtānīti niṣedhe agniṣomīyaṃ paśumālabhete tivat | tatrārthāt siddhāntāviruddha ityanenāpasiddhāntopagrahaḥ | sarvahetvābhāsānāṃ ca teṣāṃ siddhānte niṣedhena tadvirodhitvāt | avayavopapattyā cāmīṣāmupagrahaḥ pañcagrahaṇāt | nyūnādhikayorityaṣṭanigrahādhikaraṇo vādaḥ |
anye tu pramāṇatarkābhyāṃ sādhanasyaivānvayo nopālambhasyetyupālambhahetutayā sakalanigrahasthānaprāptau siddhāntāviruddha ityādi parisaṃkhyā vyavacchedakaphalatvena rāgataḥ sarvapañcanakhabhakṣaprāptau pañca pañcanakhā bhakṣyā itivadityāhuḥ |
nanu yathā rāgaprāptā sarvadhanopāyapravṛttirbrāhmaṇasya yājanādhyāpanapratigrahairbrāhmaṇo dhanamarjayediti vacanenettaropāyavyavacchedena niyamyate | tathātrāpīti rāgaprāptameva śaśādibhakṣaṇaṃ śvādibhakṣaṇavyavacchedena niyamyata iti na parisaṃkhyāyā niyamād bheda iti |
atrāhūḥ-vidhistyantamaprāptau niyamaḥ pākṣike sati | tatra cānyatra ca prāptau parisaṃkhyābhidhīyate | iti |
asyārthaḥ, pākṣike vikalpe sati niyamaḥ| tathā ca yadviṣayā ekāpi kriyā taditaraviṣayā na saṃbhavati, tatra niyamaḥ| yatra cobhayaviṣayaikā kriyā saṃbhavati tatra parisaṃkhyā | yathā śaśādibhakṣaṇakriyā śvādimāṃsaviṣayāpyubhayamāṃsanirmitavaṭakādināṃpa nirvahatīti militānvayaprāptau pārasaṃkhyā| tathā ca vyavacchedaphalakatve'pyanayorvikalpasamuccayaviṣayatayā bheda iti |
evaṃ ca tattvanirṇiṇīṣāprayuktā kathā vāda iti siddhaṃ lakṣaṇam | atra vāde caturddhā nigrahasthānagatiḥ | tathā hi kiñcidasaṃbhānīyameva | yathā pratijñāhāniḥ pratijñāsaṃnyāso nirarthakamarthāntaramavijñātārthamapārthakamiti ṣaṭkam | yadyapyetānyapyatra saṃbhavanti tathāpi aśaktisaṃgrahaṇārtham na saṃbhavantīti draṣṭavyam | kiñcit saṃbhavadapyanudbhāvyam | yathā pratijñāntaraṃ hetvantaramajñānamapratibhāvikṣepomatānujñāparyanuyojyopekṣaṇamiti saptakam | tattvanirṇayāparipanthitvāt naiṣāmudbhāvanam | kiñcidudbhāvyamātram | natu tadudbhāvanenaiva kathāvicchedaḥ, yathā virodho'prāptakālam nyūnamadhikaṃ punaruktamayathānubhāṣaṇamapasiddhānta iti saptakam | eṣu yathāsaṃkhyaṃ yogyatākāṅkṣāvirahā kāṅkṣitānāsattyanākāṅkṣitāsatyuktā | pratisandhāna svīkṛtapramāṇavirodhānāṃ tattvanirṇayavighaṭakānāṃ sattvāt | kiñcicca kathāvasānikam | yathā hetvābhāsā niranuyojyānuyogaśca sākṣādeva tattvadhīviropitvāt | atra ca vādinorvītarāgatayā stheyasya dhanādyalipsutayā ca nānuvidheyasyāvaśyakatārta draṣṭavyam |
vādadvārā phalasaṃbandhena jaghanyatayā vādānantaramubhayapakṣasthāpanāvattvena vitaṇḍotkarṣāttataḥ prāg jalpalakṣaṇāya sūtram—