Nyayasutra 4.4

4.4

atra hetvābhāsa iti uddeśapadaṃ tāvad [anyad] vidheyapadam | tatra hetvābhāsā iti lokaprasiddhārthavādenāhetavastattvenābhāsamānā iti sāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ sūcitam |
atra vyāptipakṣadharmatvaṃ hetuttvam tacchūnyatvaṃ hetvābhāsatvamityartha ityeke | tanna samīcīnaṃ, satpratipakṣāsādhāraṇayoravyāpteḥ| kintu anumitikāraṇībhūtābhāvapratiyogiyathārthajñānaviṣayattvaṃ, yadviṣayatvena liṅgajñānasyānumitipratibandhakatvaṃ tattvaṃ vā lakṣaṇavākyārthaḥ |
atha siddhasādhanāderasaṃgrahaḥ, tasya svarūpasata eva doṣatvāditi cet-na, tasya puruṣadoṣatvena hetvābhāsānyatvāt |
ye tu 1khaṇḍanoddhārakārādayo vyāptipakṣadharmatāniścayayoḥ sādhyasandehasyābhāvānapyasiddhīrbrruvate, tanmate anumitipratibandhakarūpavattvaṃ lakṣaṇamavaseyam |
yadyapi saddhetorapi svāvyāpakaṃ prati hetvābhāsatayā kevalā-
nvayyeva hetvābhāsatvamiti na lakṣayitumucitam, tathāpi tatpadapravṛttinimittametadityavagantavyam | hetvābhāsatvasāṅkaryyāpyāsaṅkīrṇopādhivibhāgaścāyamato nopadheye saṃkarānyatarāsiddhatvādyupādhibhūyastve ca virodhaḥ | vibhāgaphalaṃ tu prasiddha evaiko hetvābhāsaḥ sarvvavyāpyatvāditi nyūnasaṃkhyāyā, upādhinā samaṃ ṣaḍ hetvābhāsā ityadhikasaṃkhyāyāśca vyavacchedanaṃ viśeṣalakṣaṇeṣveva siddhyati | teṣāṃ samānāsamānajātīyavyavacchedamātraparatvāt | tatra vyabhicāro'nvayena vyatirekeṇa vā ? vipakṣavṛttitvamātragrāhyatayā svagraha ityādau sādhyābhāvena vyāptijñānāpekṣitayā viruddho vilambitajñāna iti tadanu pratisādhanasakalarūpasaṃpattinirūpyatayā satpratipakṣo durgraha iti tadarthaṃ asiddho'pi gamayatīti matanirākaraṇānantarapravṛttikatayā durgrhataratvādasiddhastadarthabādhakasya bādhakatvaupayikānanyathāsiddhatvarūpamupajīvyatvamavagamyāvagamyata iti durgrahatamatayā bādhaścaramamuddiṣṭa iti |
tatroddeśakramasaṅgatyā savyabhicāralakṣaṇāya sūtram—