Nyayasutra 1.27

1.27

vādinā nirdiṣṭasyopanyastasya kāraṇasya hetoḥ kārakasya jñāpakasya [vā], vyāpāriṇaḥ tadvyāpārasya vā, abhāve'pi sādhyasya kāryasya vā, upalambhāt - utpatterupalabdhervā, pratyavasthānamupalabdhisama ityarthaḥ | prayojakamātre tātparyāt, viśeṣasyānākāṅkṣitatvāt, gauravācca | kevalavyāpārivyatireke[ṇa] cāpādanaṃ vyāpyate | na vyava[tu] hetusvarūpābhāvo vivakṣitaḥ | kintu vyāprīyamāṇābhāvaḥ, api . sataḥ [da] sadbhāve tadupalambhasya vādyabhimatasyāpekṣayā |
yadyapyatrāvadhāraṇaṃ na śrūyate, tathāpyasyābhāve'pyetadupalabhyata iti dūṣaṇaṃ dūṣyasyāvadhāraṇātmakatāṃ sūcayati | yadi hi sthāpayitā niyamo [me] nopakrame, tadaivametadviraheṇāpyetadupalambhāditi pratyavasthānaṃ saṃbadhyate | yadyapi sūtrādyathāśrutāttadvalenopalambha iti na tadabhāvavatyupalambhādityanyayogavyavacchedā evāvadhāraṇābhyo gamyate | tathāpi vyavacchedamātrānupapattyaivānvaye sambhavati sāmānyasya śīghropasthitatvena tadviśeṣasyānākāṅkṣitatvena cānvayābhāvāttasyānyaḥ | tatrāvadhāraṇavikalpānupapattyā pratyavasthānamupalabdhisama iti lakṣaṇam | na | saduttare'pi gatatvāt | nāpyavadhāraṇavikalpamātrānupapattyā pratyavasthānam, mātrapadena vyāpteḥ vyavacchedatayā yattrāsadupāyena vyāptiṃ puraskṛtyāvadhāraṇavikalpaṃ karoti, tatrāpi jātitvānapāyāt | nāpi prayojakatvānabhimataviśiṣṭavyatiriktasāhacaryopālambhāt prayojakatvābhimatasyāprayojakatvāpādanamupalabdhisamaḥ | samavyāptike'pi tattadvyāpāraviśiṣṭasya vyatirekeṇa sāhacaryāt tadupagraho'pīti matam | va0 sambandhaprayojakatvābhimatasya prameyatvasya vyatirekasāhacaryāt, aprayojakatvāpādane saduttare'pi gatatvāt | nāpyayogānyayogavyavacchedavyāpyaḥ sambandha ityabhimāninaḥ pratyavasthānam, ekaikavyāptyabhimānavat pratyavasthānāndyāpteḥ | kintu prayojakārthāvadhāraṇadūṣaṇena svavyāghātakamuttaramupalabdhisama iti lakṣaṇam |
na caivam, udāharaṇānupapatte [:] pañcamyā svabhāvaḥ kevalavyatirekiṇi [vaktuṃ] śakyate | evaṃ parvato'gnimān dravyatvādityatra kiṃ dravyatvādagnimāneva, tata eva vā vahnimān | nādyaḥ, tataḥ saṃyogāderapi sambhavāt | antye, dravyatvamaniyatam, agniṃ vināpyastītyukti[vaicitryā] devojjātirevānvayinyapi | nanu tṛtīyāyāḥ prathama-dvitīyapakṣasamāhārarūpatvāt tayorevāntarbhāvāt vibhāgo'dhikaḥ | nacoktivaicitryabhedaḥ | evaṃ prathamapañcamādipakṣasamāhārasyāpi vidhāntarāpatteḥ | na | govṛṣanyāyena prathama-dvitīyaprakārābhyāṃ tṛtīyaprakārāntyaprakārasyāvivakṣitatvāt | uktivaicitryamādāyoktisamāhāramātreṇāviśeṣitasyaikasyaiva prakārasya vivakṣitā [tatvā]dvā | udāharaṇamātratvena ca sādhyābhāvasādhanābhāvasamāhāropayogāt, dharmipadenātra viśeṣyamātrasya pakṣadṛṣṭāntādeḥ sarvasyevābhidhānāt | sādhyapadena sādhanāntyasakalaviśeṣasyābhidhānam, tena viśiṣṭahetupakṣadṛṣṭānteṣu viśeṣaṇāviśeṣyorapyayogānyayogābhyāṃ pakṣadṛṣṭāntādāvapi1 sādhyasādhane upādāyāvadhāraṇavikalpena pratyavasthānasaṃgrahaḥ | tathāpyavadhāraṇavikalpo na tāvadavadhāraṇamātreṇa, parābhyupagamamātreṇa, parasya tathānaṅgīkārāt | nāpi parāṅgīkārānaṅgīkārāropāt | kalpitadūṣyatayācchalatvāpatteḥ | evameva dūṣaṇābhidhāne' rthāntaramiti cenna | jātivādinaḥ pariśeṣamukhapravṛttatvāt | śabdatātparyyasañcāreṇa ca lakṣaṇābhāvācca |
atra pratyuttarasūtram—