Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 1.4

Nyāyabhāṣya (complete text) 1.4

Language: Sanskrit

1.4

indriyāryasannikarṣotpannu jñānamavyapadeśyamavyabhicāri vyavasāyātmakaṃ pratyakṣam ||

indriyasyārthena sannikarṣādutpadyate yajjñānaṃ tat pratyakṣam| na tarhiidānīmidaṃ bhavati ātmā manasā saṃyujyate, mana indriyeṇa, indriyamartheneti? nedaṃ kāraṇāvadhāraṇam--etāvatpratyakṣe kāraṇamiti, kiṃ tu viśiṣṭakāraṇavacanamiti|

1.4.p2

yatpratyakṣajñānasya viśiṣṭakāraṇaṃ taducyate, yattu samānam anumānādijñānasya, na tannivartyata iti||

1.4.p3

manasastarhīndriyeṇa saṃyogo vaktavyaḥ? bhidyamānasya pratyakṣaśrajñānasya nāyaṃ bhidyata iti samānatvānnokta iti||

1.4.p4

yāvadarthaṃ vai nāmadheyaśabdāstairarthasampratyayaḥ, arthasaṃpratyayācca vyavahāraḥ| tatredamindriyārthasannikarṣādutpannamarthajñāna rūpam iti vā, rasa ityeva vā bhavati, rūparasaśabdāśca viṣayanāmadheyam| tena vyapadiśyate jñānam--rūpamiti jānīte, rasa iti jānīte| nāmagheyaśabdena vyapadiśyamānaṃ sat śābdaṃ prasajyate|

1.4.p5

ata āha--avyapadeśyamiti| yadidamanupayukte śabdārthasambandhe arthajñānam, na tat nāmadheyaśabdena vyapadiśyate, gṛhīte'pi ca śabdārthasambandhe asyārthasyāyaṃ śabdo nāmadheyamiti| yadā tu so'rtho gṛhyate, tadā tatpūrvasmādarthajñānāt na viśiṣyate, tat arthavijñānaṃ tādṛgeva bhavati| tasya tvarthajñānasyānyaḥ samākhyāśabdo nāsti, yena pratīyamānaṃ

1.4.p6

vyavahārāya kalpet| na cāpratīyamānena vyavahāraḥ| tasmājjñeyasyārthasya saṃjñāśabdenetikaraṇayuktena nirddhiśyate--rūpamiti jñānam, rasa iti vā jñānamiti| tadevamarthajñānakāle sa na samākhyāśabdo vyāpriyate, vyavahārakāle tu vyāpriyate| tasmādaśābdam arthajñānamindriyārthasannikarṣotpannamiti||

1.4.p7

grīṣme marīcayo bhaumenoṣmaṇā saṃsṛṣṭāḥ spandamānā dūrasthasya cakṣuṣā sannikṛṣyante| tatrendriyārthasannikarṣādudakamiti jñānamutpadyate| tacca pratyakṣaṃ prasajyate ityata āha avyabhicārīti yadatasmistadati

1.4.p8

tadvyabhicāri, yattu tasmistaditi tadavyabhicāri pratyakṣamiti||

1.4.p9

dūrāccakṣuṣā hyayamarthaṃ paśyannāvadhārayati dhūma iti vā reṇuriti vā| tadetadindriyārthasannikarṣotpannamanavadhāraṇajñānaṃ pratyakṣaṃ prasajyata ityata āha--vyavasāyātmakamiti| na caitanmantavyam--ātmamanaḥ sannikarṣajamevānavadhāraṇajñānamiti| kiṃ tarhi? cakṣuṣā hyayamarthaṃ paśyannāvadhārayati, yathā cendriyeṇa upalabdhamartha manasopalabhate, evamindriyeṇānavadhārayanmanasā nāvadhārayati| yacca tadindriyānavadhāraṇapūrvakaṃ manasānavadhāraṇaṃ tadviśeṣāpekṣaṃ vimarśemātraṃ saṃśayaḥ, na pūrvamiti| sarvatra ca pratyakṣaviṣaye jñāturindriyeṇa vyavasāyaḥ, paścānmanasānuvyavasāyaḥ, upahatendriyāṇāmanuvyavasāyābhāvāditi||

1.4.p10

ātmādiṣu sukhādiṣu ca pratyakṣalakṣaṇaṃ vaktavyam, anindriyārthasannikarṣajaṃ hi taditi| indriyasya vai sato manasa indriyebhyaḥ pṛthagupadeśo dharmaṃbhedāt| bhautikānīndriyāṇi niyataviṣayāṇi, saguṇānāṃ caiṣāmindriyabhāva iti| manastvabhautikaṃ