Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 14.2.13

14.2.13

bhedatvaṃ hi bhedānāṃ pratayioginā nirūpyam na tu jātyādilakṣaṇaṃ svarūpam; yadgraho yatra yadāropavirodhī, sa hi tasya tasmādbhedaḥ; gotvādi ca gṛhyamāṇaṃ svasmin svāśraye cāśvatvādyāropaṃ nirūṇaddhīti svasya svāśrayasya ca svayameva tasmādbhedaḥ || api ca pratiyogisāpekṣatvanirapekṣatvalakṣaṇaviruddhadharmādhyāsena bhedāt svarūpabhedagrahaṇaikyāṃ na saṃbhavatīti vadan bhedaduṣaṇārthameva bhedaṃ sādhayatīti svavacanavirodha iti || nyā. pa. pra. 15 || śābdāparokṣanirāsaḥ || śabdajanyamapi pratyakṣamastīti ta eva varṇayanti; tadapyayuktam, vyāghātāt| na hi parokṣajananasvabhāvatayā siddhā sāmagrī viśeṣābhāve kvacit svabhāvamatipatet| na caikajātīyasāmagrītaḥ prasūtaṃ kāryaṃ vicitraṃ syāt, ekayaivava sāmagryā sarvajātīyotpattiprasaṅgāt ekasya kāryasya viruddhajātiyogaprasaṅgācca| "daśamastvamasi" ityādidṛṣṭānte'pi tvamarthamātraṃ pratyakṣam| ’daśamo'ham’ iti pratyayo hi nendriyasvātantryeṇodeti, kiṃtu puruṣavacanānurodhena| tanmūle'pi cet pratyakṣatā, evam ’dharmavāṃstvamasi’ iti kārtāntikopadeśādau ’tādṛśo'hamasmi’ iti bodhe dharmāderapi pratyakṣatvaprasaṅgaḥ| tataścāpratyakṣamiti jagati kiṃcinna syāt, pratyakṣabhūtaṃ yatkiṃciduddiśya viśeṣaṇatayaiva sarvasya pratyakṣatvopapatteḥ| pūrvāvagatadaśamabhāvaṃ tu puruṣaṃ pratyupadeśe bhāṣarāśipraviṣṭamaṣīnyāyena pūrvāparāparokṣaṇīnairantaryeṇa madhyavartiśabdajanyadhiyo'parokṣatvavyavahāraḥ kasyacit syādvā na vā|