Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 2

Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team 2

Language: Sanskrit

2.2

pramaṇato 'rthapratipattau pravṛttisāmarthyād arthavat pramāṇam/

pramāṇam antareṇa nārthapratipattiḥ, nārhtapratipattim antareṇa pravṛttisāmarthyam/ pramāṇena khalv ayaṃ jñātārtham abhīpsati jihāsati vā/ tasyepsājihāsāprayuktasya samīhā pravṛttir ity ucyate/ sāmrthyaṃ punar asyāḥ phalenābhisambandhaḥ/ samīhamānas tam artham abhīpsan jihāsan vā tam artham āpnoti jahāti vā/ arthas tu sukhaṃ sukhahetuś ca, duḥkhaṃ duḥkhahetuś ca/

2.4

so 'yaṃ pramāṇārtho 'parisaṅkhyeyaḥ, prāṇabhṛdbhedasyāparisaṅkhyeyatvāt/ arthavati ca pramāṇe pramātā prameyaṃ pramitir ity arthavanti bhavanti/ kasmāt? anyatamāpāye 'rthasyānupapatteḥ/

2.5

tatra yasyepsājihāsāprayuktasya pravṛttiḥ sa pramātā, sa yenārthaṃ pramiṇoti tat pramāṇam, yo 'rthaḥ pramīyate tat prameyam, yad arthavijñānaṃ sā pramitiḥ, catasṛṣu caivaṃvidhāsv arthatattvaṃ parisamāpyate/
kiṃ punas tattvam? sataś ca sadbhāvo 'sataśüEcāsadbhāvaḥ/ sat sad iti gṛhyamāṇaṃ yathābhūtam aviparītaṃ tattvaṃ bhavati/

2.6

% yathābhūtam aviparītaṃ tattvaṃ bhavati/] p.25
asac cāsad iti gṛhyamāṇaṃ yathābhūtam aviparītaṃ tattvaṃ bhavati/

2.7

katham uttarasya pramāṇenopalabdhir iti? saty upalabhyamāne tadanupalabdheḥ pradīpavat/ yathā darśakena dīpena dṛśye gṛhyamāṇe tad iva yan na gṛhyate, tan nāsti/ yady abhaviṣyad idam iva vyajñāsyata, vijñānābhāvān nāstīti/ evaṃ pramāṇena sati gṛhyamāṇe tad iva yan na gṛhyate,

2.8

tan nāsti/ yady abhaviṣyad idam iva vyajñāsyata, vijñānābhāvān nāstīti/ tad evaṃ sataḥ prakāśakaṃ pramāṇam asad api prakāśayatīti/

2.9

sac ca khalu ṣoḍaśadhā vyūḍham upadekṣyate/ tāsāṃ khalv āsāṃ sadvidhānām---

2.10

pramāṇaprameyasaṃśayaprayojanadṛṣṭāntasiddhāntāvayavatarkanirṇayavādajalpavitaṇḍāhetvābhāsacchalajātinigrahasthānānāṃ tattvajñānān niḥśreyasādhigamaḥ ||

2.11

nirdeśe yathāvacanaṃ vigrahaḥ/ cārthe dvandvasamāsaḥ/ pramāṇādīnāṃ tattvam iti śaiṣikī ṣaṣṭhī/

2.12

tattvasya jñānaṃ niḥśreyasasyādhigama iti karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhau/ ta etāvanto vidyamānārthāḥ, yeṣām aviparītajñānārtham ihopadeśaḥ/

2.13

% vidyamānārthā, ...] p/32
so 'yam anavayavena tantrārtha uddiṣṭo veditavyaḥ/ ātmādeḥ khalu prameyasya tattvajñānān niḥśreyasādhigamaḥ/

2.14

tac caitad uttarasūtreṇānūdyata iti/ heyam, tasya nirvartakaṃ hānam ātyantikam, tasyopāyo 'dhigantavya ity etāni catvāry arthapadāni samyag buddhvā niḥśreyasam adhigacchati/

2.15

tatra saṃśayādīnāṃ pṛthagvacanam anarthakam --- saṃśayādayo yathāsambhavaṃ pramāṇeṣu prameyeṣu cāntarbhavanto na vyatiricyanta iti? satyam etat, imās tu catasro vidyāḥ pṛthakprasthānāḥ prāṇabhṛtām anugrahāyopadiśyante, yāsāṃ caturthīyam ānvīkṣikī nyāyavidyā/

2.16

% -prasthānāḥ prāṇabhṛtām ... ] p.35
tasyāḥ pṛthakprasthānāḥ saṃśayādayaḥ padārthāḥ/ teṣāṃ pṛthagvacanam antareṇādhyātmavidyāmātram iyaṃ syāt, yathopaniṣadaḥ/ tasmāt saṃśayādibhiḥ padārthaiḥ pṛthak prasthāpyate/ tatra nānupalabdhe na nirṇīte 'rthe nyāyaḥ pravartate, kiṃ tarhi? saṃśayite 'rthe/ yathoktaṃ --- ``vimṛśya pakṣapratipakṣābhyām arthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayaḥ'' iti/ vimarśaḥ --- saṃśayaḥ/ pakṣapratipakṣau --- nyāyapravṛttiḥ/ arthāvadhāraṇaṃ --- nirṇayas tattvajñānam iti/ sa ca ``ayaṃ kiṃsvid'' iti vastuvimarśamātram anavadhāraṇaṃ jñānaṃ saṃśayaḥ, prameye 'ntarbhavann evam arthaṃ pṛthag ucyate/

2.17

atha prayojanam --- yena prayuktaḥ pravartate, tat prayojanam/ yam artham abhīpsan jihāsan vā karmārabhate,

2.18

% karmārabhate] p.38
tenānena sarve prāṇinaḥ sarvāṇi karmāṇi sarvāś ca vidyā vyāptāḥ, tadāśrayaś ca nyāyaḥ pravartate/ kaḥ punar ayaṃ nyāyaḥ? pramāṇair arthaparīkṣaṇaṃ nyāyaḥ/

2.19

pratyakṣāgamāśritam anumānam, sānvīkṣā/ pratyakṣāgamābhyām īkṣitasyānvīkṣaṇam anvīkṣā/ tayā pravarttata ity ānvīkṣikī --- nyāyavidyā --- nyāyaśāstram/ yat punar anumānaṃ pratyakṣāgamaviruddhaṃ nyāyābhāsaḥ sa iti/

2.20

tatra vādajalpau saprayojanau/ vitaṇḍā tu parīkṣyate/ vitaṇḍayā pravartamāno vaitaṇḍikaḥ/ sa prayojanam anuyukto yadi pratipadyate so 'sya pakṣaḥ so 'sya siddhānta iti, vaitaṇḍikatvaṃ jahāti/ atha na pratipadyate nāyaṃ laukiko na parīkṣaka ity āpadyate/ athāpi parapakṣapratiṣedhajñāpanaṃ prayojanaṃ bravīti, etad api tādṛg eva/ yo jñāpayati yo jānāti yena jñāpyate yac ca jñāpyate etac ca pratipadyate yadi, tadā vaitaṇḍikatvaṃ jahāti/ atha na pratipadyate, parapakṣapratiṣedhajñāpanaṃ prayojanam ity etad asya vākyam anarthakaṃ bhavati/ vākyasamūhaś ca sthāpanāhīno vitaṇḍā, tasya yady abhidheyaṃ pratipadyate, so 'sya pakṣaḥ sthāpanīyo bhavati/ atha na pratipadyate, pralāpamātram anarthakaṃ bhavati, vitaṇḍātvaṃ nivartata iti/
atha dṛṣṭāntaḥ pratyakṣaviṣayo 'rthaḥ, yatra laukikaparīkṣakāṇāṃ darśanaṃ na vyāhanyate/

2.21

sa ca prameyam/ tasya pṛthagvacanaṃ ca tadāśrayāv anumānāgamau, tasmin sati syātām anumānāgamau asati ca na syātām/ tadāśrayā ca nyāyapravṛttiḥ/ dṛṣṭāntavirodhena ca parapakṣapratiṣedho vacanīyo bhavati, dṛṣṭāntasamādhinā ca svapakṣaḥ sādhanīyo bhavati/ nāstikaś ca dṛṣṭāntam abhyupagacchann āstikatvaṃ jahāti/ anabhyupagacchan kiṃsādhanaḥ param upālabheteti/ niruktena ca dṛṣṭāntena śakyam abhidhātuṃ ``sādhyasādharmyāt taddharmabhāvī dṛṣṭānta udāharaṇam'' ``tadviparyayād viparītam'' iti/

2.22

asty ayam ity anujñāyamāno 'rthaḥ siddhāntaḥ/ sa ca prameyam/ tasya pṛthagvacanaṃ satsu siddhāntabhedeṣu vādajalpavitaṇḍāḥ pravartante, nāto 'nyatheti/

2.23

sādhanīyārthasya yāvati śabdasamūhe siddhiḥ parisamāpyate tasya pañcāvayavāḥ pratijñādayaḥ, samūham apekṣyāvayavā ucyante/

2.24

teṣu pramāṇasamavāyaḥ, āgamaḥ pratijñā/ hetur anumānam/

2.25

udāharaṇaṃ pratyakṣam/ upanayanam upamānam/

2.26

sarveṣām ekārthasamavāye sāmarthyapradarśanaṃ nigamanam iti/ so 'yaṃ paramo nyāya iti/ etena vādajalpavitaṇḍāḥ pravartante nāto 'nyatheti/

2.27

tadāśrayā ca tattvavyavasthā/ te caite 'vayavāḥ śabdaviśeṣāḥ santaḥ prameye 'ntarbhūtā evamarthaṃ pṛthag ucyanta iti/
tarko na pramāṇasaṃgṛhīto, na pramāṇāntaram, pramāṇānām anugrāhakas tattvajñānāya kalpate/ tasyodāharaṇam --- kim idaṃ janma kṛtakena hetunā nirvartyate, āhosvid akṛtakena, athākasmikam iti?

2.28

% -ākasmikam iti?] p.54
evam avijñāte 'rthe kāraṇopapattyā ūhaḥ pravarttate --- yadi kṛtakena hetunā nirvartyate, hetūcchedād upapanno 'yaṃ janmocchedaḥ/ athākṛtakena hetunā, tato hetūcchedasyāśakyatvād anupapanno janmocchedaḥ/ athākasmikam, ato 'kasmān nirvartyamānaṃ na punar nivartsyatīti nivṛttikāraṇaṃ nopapadyate, tena janmānuccheda iti/ etasmiṃs tarkaviṣaye karmanimittaṃ janmeti pramāṇāni pravarttamānāni tarkeṇānugṛhante,

Linked texts (2)

Utpādasiddhi — Candrasena, Sanskrit
Nyāyakalikā — Jayanta Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit