Nyāya Sūtras 2.7

2.7

katham uttarasya pramāṇenopalabdhir iti? saty upalabhyamāne tadanupalabdheḥ pradīpavat/ yathā darśakena dīpena dṛśye gṛhyamāṇe tad iva yan na gṛhyate, tan nāsti/ yady abhaviṣyad idam iva vyajñāsyata, vijñānābhāvān nāstīti/ evaṃ pramāṇena sati gṛhyamāṇe tad iva yan na gṛhyate,

How is the latter apprehended by a means of valid cognition? Because when the existent is being apprehended, that [non-existent] is not apprehended, just as with a lamp. As when an object to be seen is grasped by an illuminating lamp, that which like it is not grasped does not exist: 'If it had existed, it would have been known just like this; because of the absence of cognition, it does not exist.' So, when an existent is grasped by a means of valid cognition, that which like it is not grasped,