Nyayasutra 40.4

40.4

sādharmyokte vā vaidharmyokte vā yathodāharaṇam upasaṃhriyate, tasmād utpattidharmakatvād anityaḥ śabda iti nigamanam --- nigamyante 'neneti pratijñāhetūdāharaṇopanayā ekatreti nigamanam/ nigamyante --- samarthyante --- sambadhyante/ tatra sādharmokte tāvad dhetau vākyam anityaḥ śabda iti pratijñā/ utpattidharmakatvād iti hetuḥ/ utpattidharmakaṃ sthālyādi dravyam anityam ity udāharaṇam/ tathā cotpattidharmakaḥ śabda ity upanayaḥ/ tasmād utpattidharmakatvād anityaḥ śabda iti nigamanam/ vaidharmyokte 'py anityaḥ śabda utpattidharmakatvāt,

Whether stated by similarity or by dissimilarity, as is subsumed in accordance with the example, [so is the conclusion:] 'Therefore, because it possesses the property of being produced, sound is impermanent.' The conclusion (nigamana) is so called because by it the proposition, the logical reason, the example, and the application are brought together (nigamyante) into one: they are brought together—supported—connected. Among these, first, when the logical reason is stated by similarity, the sentence is: 'Sound is impermanent' is the proposition; 'Because it possesses the property of being produced' is the logical reason; 'A substance such as a cooking pot, which possesses the property of being produced, is impermanent' is the example; 'And sound likewise possesses the property of being produced' is the application; 'Therefore, because it possesses the property of being produced, sound is impermanent' is the conclusion. When stated by dissimilarity also: 'Sound is impermanent, because it possesses the property of being produced;