Nyāya Sūtras 7
Nyāyabhāṣya 7
- Language
- Sanskrit
7.2
athopamānam ---
Now, analogy:
7.3
prasiddhasādharmyāt sādhyasādhanam upamānam ||
Analogy is the means of establishing what is to be established through similarity to what is well known.
7.4
prajñātena sāmānyāt prajñāpanīyasya prajñāpanam upamānam iti/ yathā gaur evaṃ gavaya iti/
Analogy is making known what is to be made known through similarity to what is already known; as, "As is a cow, so is a gavaya."
7.5
kiṃ punar atropamānena kriyate? yadā khalv ayaṃ gavā samānadharmaṃ pratipadyate tadā pratyakṣatas tam arthaṃ pratipadyata iti, samākhyāsambandhapratipattir upamānārtha ity āha/ yathā gaur evaṃ gavaya ity upamāne prayukte gavā samānadharmam artham indriyārthasannikarṣād upalabhamāno 'sya gavayaśabdaḥ saṃjñeti saṃjñāsaṃjñisambandhaṃ pratipadyata iti/
What, again, is accomplished here by analogy? When one indeed apprehends that it shares common properties with a cow, one then apprehends that object by perception—so [the opponent] says that the purpose of analogy is the apprehension of the connection with a name. When the analogy "As is a cow, so is a gavaya" has been employed, [a person], apprehending an object that shares common properties with a cow through contact between sense organ and object, apprehends the relation between name and named: "The word 'gavaya' is the name of this."
7.6
yathā mudgas tathā mudgaparṇī,
As is a mung bean, so is a mudgaparṇī;
7.7
yathā māṣas tathā māṣaparṇīty upamāne prayukte upamānāt saṃjñāsaṃjñisanbandhaṃ pratipadyamānas tām oṣadhīṃ bhaiṣajyāyāharati/
as is a black gram, so is a māṣaparṇī: when such an analogy has been employed, apprehending from the analogy the relation between name and named, one brings that herb for medicine.
7.8
evam anyo 'py upamānasya loke viṣayo bubhutsitavya iti//6//
In this way, other scopes of analogy in ordinary life are also to be investigated. ||6
Translations (1)
- English (machine translation) — English, machine translation
Commentaries (2)
- Nyāyavārtikatātparyaṭīkā — Vācaspati Miśra, Sanskrit
- Nyāyavārttika — Uddyotakara, Sanskrit
Linked texts (2)
- Nyāyasūtra — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit
- Tārkikarakṣā — Varadarāja, Sanskrit