The Bud of Nyāya 1.8

1.8

tatkṛtaṃ janmāpaiti janmāpāye tatkṛtaṃ duḥkhamapaiti duḥkhāpāyaścāpavarga iti
viśeṣasmṛtihetordharmasya grahaṇād viśeṣasmṛteśca jāyamānaḥ kiṃ svit iti vimarśaḥ saṃśayaḥ | sa ca pañcavidhaḥ
(1)sādhāraṇadharmadarśanāt-yathā ūrdhvatvadarśanāt sthāṇurvā puruṣo
veti | (2)asādhāraṇadharmadarśanāt-yathā vibhāgajatvācchabdo dravyaṃ
guṇo veti saṃśayo bhavati | (3) vipratipatteḥ-yathā nityatvānityatve śabdasya saṃśayaḥ | (4)upalabdhyavyavasthātaḥ-yathā kiñcit sadupalabhyate yathā nadyādau jalam | anyadasaḍupalabhyate
yathā marumarīciṣu jalam | evamanyadupalabhyamāne saṃśayo bhavati
kiṃ sadupalabhyate utāsaditi | (5) anupalabdhyavyavasthātaḥyathā sadapi mṛdantaritamudakaṃ nopalabhyate asacca khapuṣpādi nopalabhyate tato'nyatare'nupalabhyamāne saṃśayo bhavati kiṃ sannopalabhyate utāsaditi | sa cāyaṃ saṃśayaḥ pramāṇaprameyāntarbhūto
nyāyapravṛttyaṅgatvat pṛthagupadiśyate
yamarthamadhikṛtya puruṣaḥ pravartate tat prayojanam | tadvidham-mukhyaṃ gauṇaṃ ca | sukhaṃ duḥkhamukhyamprayojanam | tatsādhanaṃ
tu gauṇam | prayojanamūlatvānnyāyapravṛtteḥ tadapi pṛthagupadiśyate
vādiprativādinoḥ sādhyasādhanadharmādhikaraṇatvena tadrahitatvena vā prasiddho'rtho dṛṣṭāntaḥ | sa ca nyāyasya pratibandhagrahaṇasthānamiti pṛthagupadiśyate
ayamevamiti pramāṇamūlābhyupagamaḥ viṣayīkṛtaḥ sāmānyaviśeṣavānarthaḥ siddhāntaḥ | sa caturvidhaḥ | sarvatantrasiddhāntaḥ
pratitantrasiddhāntaḥ adhikaraṇasiddhāntaḥ abhyupagamasiddhānta iti
sarvatantrāviruddhaḥ svaśāstre prakriyamāṇo'rthaḥ sarvatantrasiddhāntaḥ