Aphorisms on Brahman 1
Govindabhāṣya 1
- Language
- Sanskrit
Contents
- 1.1 — 4 parts
1.p4
śrīkṛṣṇo jayati satyaṃ jñānamanantaṃ brahma śivādistutaṃ bhajadrūpam | govindaṃ tamacintyaṃ hetumadoṣaṃ namasyāmaḥ || sūtrāṃśubhistamāṃsi vyudasya vastūni yaḥ parīkṣayate | sa jayati sātyavateyo hariranuvṛtto natapreṣṭhaḥ || dvāpare vedeṣu samutsanneṣu saṃkīrṇaprajñairbrahmādibhirabhyarthito bhagavān puruṣottamaḥ kṛṣṇadvaipāyanaḥ san tān uddhṛtya vivabhāja | tadarthanirṇetrīñcatulakṣaṇīṃ brahmamīmāṃsāmāviścakāra ityasti kathā skāndī | vedeṣu khalu karmaṇo nikhilapumarthahetutvaṃ viṣṇostu karmāṅgatvaṃ, svargādeḥ karmaphalasya nityatvaṃ, jīvasya prakṛteśca svataḥ kartṛtvam, paricchinnasya pratibimbasya bhrāntasya vā brahmaṇa eva jīvatvaṃ, cinmātrabrahmātmakatvadhīmātrādevāsya jīvasya saṃsṛtivini-
1.p5
vṛtttirityāpātato'rthā durmatibhiḥ pratīyante | tānimān pūrvapakṣān vidhāya parasya viṣṇoriha svātantryasarvakartṛtvasārdhvajyapumarthatvādisarmakavijñānasvarūpatvaṃ nirūpyate | tathāhi, īśvara-jīva-prakṛti-kāla-karmmāṇi pañcatattvāni śrūyante | teṣu vibhucaitanyamīśvaro'ṇucaitanyantu jīvaḥ | nityajñānādiguṇakatvamasmadarthatvañcobhayatra | jñānasyāpi jñātṛtvaṃ prakāśasya svaprakāśakatvavadaviruddham | tatreśvaraḥ svataṃtraḥ svarūpaśaktimān praveśāniyamanābhyāṃ jagadvidadhan kṣetrajñabhogāpavargoṃ vitanoti | eko'pi bahubhāvenābhinno'pi guṇaguṇibhāvena ca vidvatpratītiviṣayo'vyakto'pi bhaktivedyaṃ ekarasaḥ prayacchati citsukhaṃ svarūpam | jīvātmānastvanekāvasthā bahavaḥ | pareśavaimukhyātteṣāṃ bandhastatsānmukhyāttu tatsvarūpatadguṇāvarūpadvividhabandhavinivṛttistatsvarūpādi sākṣātkāritiḥ | prakṛtiḥ sattvādiguṇasāmyāvasthā tamomāyādi śabdavācyā tadīkṣaṇāvāptasāmarthyā vicitrajagajjananī | kālastu bhūtabhaviṣyadvarttamānayugapaccirakṣipādivyavahārahetuḥ kṣaṇādiparārddhāntaśvakaban parivarttamānaḥ pralayasarganimittabhūto jaḍadravyaviśeṣaḥ | īśvarādayaścatvāro'rthā nityāḥ | 'nityo nityānāṃ cetanaḥ cetanānāmiti' 'gauranādyantavatīti' 'sadeva saumyedamagra āsīt' iti śruteḥ| jīvādyastu tadvaśyāśca 'sa viśvakṛdviśvavidātmayonirjñaḥ kālakāro guṇī sarvavidyaḥ | pradhānakṣetrajñapatirguṇeśaḥ saṃsāramokṣasthitibandhahetuḥ' iti śvetāśvataravacanāt | karmma ca jaḍamadṛṣṭādiśabdavyapadeśyamanādi vināśi ca bhavati | caturṇāmeṣāṃ brahmaśaktitvādikaṃ
1.p6
śaktimadbrahmau tpadai tavākye'pi saṃgatiritīme'rthāścaturlakṣaṇyāmasyāṃ yathāsthalaṃ prakāśyante | lakṣaṇānyadhyāyāḥ| tadarthātmake śrībhāgavate vivriyate | 'bhaktiyogena manasi samyak praṇihite'male | apaśyatpuruṣaṃ pūrṇaṃ māyāṃ ca tadapāśrayām | yayā saṃmohito jīva ātmānaṃ triguṇātmakam | paro'pi manute'narthaṃ tatkṛtaṃ cābhipadyate || anarthopaśamaṃ sākṣādbhaktiyogamadhokṣaje | lokasyājānato vyāsaścakre sātvatasaṃhitām' iti || 'dravyaṃ karma ca kālaśca svabhāvo jīva eva ca | yadanugrahataḥ santi na santi yadupekṣayā' iti caivamādibhiḥ | asya sūtrārthatvaṃ ca smaryyate | 'artho'yaṃ brahmasūtrāṇāmiti | tatra prathame lakṣaṇe sarveṣāṃ vedānāṃ brahmaṇi samanvayaḥ | dvitīye sarvaśāstrāvirodhaḥ | tṛtīye brahmaptisādhanāni | caturthe tu tadāptiḥ phalamiti | yatra niṣkāmakarmanirmalacittaḥ satprasaṃgalubdhaḥ śraddhāluḥ śāntyādimān adhikārī | saṃbandho vācyavācakabhāvaḥ | viṣayo niravadyo viśuddhānantaguṇagaṇo'cintyānanta-śaktiḥ saccidānandaḥ puruṣottamaḥ | prayojanantvaśeṣadoṣavināśapuraḥsarastatsākṣātkāra ityupari spaṣṭaṃ bhāvi | yasyāṃ khalu viṣaya-saṃśayapūrvapakṣa-siddhāṃta-saṃgati bhedāt pañca nyāyāṃgāni bhavanti | nyāyo'dhikaraṇam, viṣayo vicārayogyavākyaṃ, saṃgatiriha śāstrādiviṣayatayā bahuvidhā'pi na vitāyate, viṣayāvagatau svayameva vidyotanāt | ityevaṃ sthite brahmajijñāsādhikaraṇaṃ
1.p7
tāvat pravartate | ‘yo vai bhūmā tat sukhaṃ nānyatsukhamasti, bhūmaiva sukhaṃ, bhūmā tveva vijijñāsitavya’ iti | ‘ātmā vā are draṣṭavyaḥ śrotavyo mantavyo nididhyāsitavyo maitreyīti’ ca śrūyate | nididhyāsitavyo jijñāsitavyaḥ | iti bhavati saṃśayaḥ, adhītavedasya puṃso dharmajñasya brahmajijñāsā yuktā na yuktā veti ? apāmasomamamṛtā abhūma, akṣayaṃ ha vai cāturmāsyayājinaḥ sukṛtaṃ bhavatītyādiṣu dharmairamṛtattvākṣayyasukhatvaśravaṇānna yukte ti pūrvasmin pakṣe prāpte bhagavān bādarāyaṇo vyāsaḥ prāripsitasya śāstrasyādimaṃ sūtramidamavatārayati |
1.1.1
athātaḥ śabdāvatrānantaryyahetubhāvayorbhavataḥ | athānantaramato brahmajijñāsā yuktetyakṣarayojanā | vidhinādhītavedasyāpātato'dhigatatadarthasyāśramasatyādibhiśca vimṛṣṭasattvasya labdhatattvavitprasaṃgasyātha tatprasaṃgānantaramataḥ kāmyakarmmāṇi parimitānityaphalāni, brahmasvarūpaṃ tu jñānalabhyamakṣayānantacitsukhaṃ nityajñānādiguṇaṃ nityasukhaheturiti pratyayātkāmyakarmaprahāṇapuraḥ sarā caturlakṣaṇayā jijñāsā yuktetyarthaḥ | nanvadhītādve dādeva tattadavagatiḥ syāddhyayanasyārthāvabodhanaparyantatvāt | tatastatprahāṇe tadupāsane ca dhīḥ pravarttate, kimanayā caturlakṣaṇyeti ceducyate | āpātaḥ pratītādarthāddvāstavādapi saṃśayaviparyyayābhyāṃ dhīrvibhraṃśate | sopapattikayā tayā nu adhītayā tāvativartya paramārthe tasminnasau sthirībhavatītyāvaśyakaṃ tadadhyayanam | ayamarthaḥ, āśramakarmāṇi cittaśodhakatayā jñānāṅgāni bhavanti | "tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśanena" iti bṛhadāraṇyaśruteḥ | satyatapojapādīni ca "satyena labhyastapasā hyeṣa ātmā samyak jñānena brahmacaryeṇa nityamiti" maṇḍūkaśruteḥ | "japyenaiva ca saṃsidhyedbrāhmaṇo nātra saṃśayaḥ | kuryādanyannavā kuryānmaitro brāhmaṇa ucyata" ityādismṛteśca | tattvavitprasaṅgaḥ khalu jñānahetuḥ, nāradādīnāṃ sanatkumārādiprasaṃgena brahmajijñāsādarśanāt, "tadviddhi praṇipātena paripraśnena sevayā | upadekṣyanti te jñānaṃ jñāninastattvadarśina" iti smṛtibhyaśca | kāmyakarmāṇyanityaphalāni "tadyatheha karmacito lokaḥ kṣīyate evamevāmutra puṇyacito lokaḥ kṣīyata" iti chāndogyaśruteḥ |
1.1.2
brahma va tu jñānaikagamyam, "parīkṣya lokān karmacitān brāhmaṇo nirvedamāyānnāstyakṛtaḥ kṛtena | tadvijñānārthaṃ sa gurumevābhigacchetsampritpāṇiḥ śrotriyaṃ brahmaniṣṭhamiti" maṇḍūkaśruteḥ | añjayānantasukhaṃ ca "satyaṃ jñānamanantaṃ brahma," "ānando brahmeti vyajānāditi" taittirīyakāt | nityajñānādiguṇakaṃ ca "parāsya śaktirvividhaiva śrūyate svābhāvikī jñānabalakriyā ca" "sarvasya śaraṇaṃ suhṛt" "bhāvagrāhyamanīśākhyam" ityādi śvetāśvataravacanāt | nityasukhadatvaṃ ca "taṃ pīṭhasthaṃ ye tu yajanti dhīrāsteṣāṃ sukhaṃ śāśvataṃ netareṣām" iti gopālopaniṣaduktaḥ | kāmyakarmaṇāṃ heyatā tu tṛtīye vakṣyate | tathā ca | sāṅgaṃ saśiraskaṃ ca vedamadhītya tadarthānāpātato'dhigamya tattvavitprasaṅgena nityānityavivevato'nityavitṛṣṇo nityaviśeṣāvagataye catulaṃkṣaṇyāṃ pravarttata iti | na cātra karmasaṃpattyānantaryaṃ śakyaṃ vaktuṃ, tadgatāmapi satsaṃgavirahiṇāṃ brahmajijñāsāyā adarśanāt,
1.1.3
tacchūnyānāmapi satyādipūtānāṃ satprasaṅgināṃ darśanācca | na ca nityānityavivekādi, sādhanacatuṣṭayasaṃpattyānantaryyaṃ śakyaṃ vaktum|prāk tasyā daurlabhyātsatprasaṅgaśiṣṭācārabhāvyatvācca| tadavāptajñānāḥ khalu deśikabhāvānusāriṇaḥ saniṣṭhādibhedāt tridhā bhavanti | niṣṭhayā karmmāṇyācarantaḥ saniṣṭhāḥ | lokasaṃgrihṛkṣayā tānyācarantaḥ pariniṣṭhitāḥ | dhyānamevānutiṣṭhanto nirapekṣāśca | sarve hyete brahmavidyayaiva svabhāvānusāri paraṃ brahma gacchantītyupuryyapari viśadībhaviṣyati | "nanvoṃkāraścātha śabdaśca dvāvetau brahmaṇaḥ purā | kaṇṭhaṃ bhitvā viniryātau tena māṅgalikāvubhau", iti smṛtermaṅgalamevāthaśabdārthaḥ, śāstrārambhe hi śiṣṭā vighnanāśāya tadācarantīti cennaivam, īśvarasya vighnaśaṃkāvirahāt | tasyeśvaratvaṃ tu, "kṛṣṇadvaipāyanaṃ vyāsaṃ viddhi nārāyaṇaṃ prabhumiti" smṛteḥ | tathāpi maṅgalātmakatvāttasmāt kambusvanādivata tatsambhavediti tenaiva loko'pi saṃgṛhītaḥ | tasmāttādṛśasya puṃsastadanantaraṃ tajjijñāsā yukteti | ābindu mastako yo'ṅkaḥ sūtrato vṛttito 'pi saḥ | dvivindu masta kastveva bodhyo'dhikaraṇamāśritaḥ | nanu pūrvatra bhūmaśabdena ca jīvamabhyupetya brahmaśabdenāpi tamevāha | prāk prāṇaprakriyayā patijāyādiprītisaṃsūcanayā ca tasyaiva pratyayatvāt bṛhajjātijīvakamalāsanaśabdarāśiṣviti brahmaśabdasya ca tatra rūḍherityatāṃ bhrānti mapanetumārambhaḥ | taittirīyake, “bhṛgurvai vāruṇirvaruṇaṃ pitaramupasasāra adhīhi bho bhagavo brahma" ityupakramya paṭhante |
1.1.4
"yato vā imāni bhūtāni jāyante yena jātāni jīvanti yatprayantyabhisaṃviśanti tad brahma tad vijijñāsasveti” | iha saṃśayaḥ, jijñāsyaṃ brahma jīvaḥ sarveśvaro veti ? 'vijñānaṃ brahma cedveda tasmāccenna pramādyati | śarīre pāpmano hitvā sarvān kāmān samaśnute' iti tatraiva jīve'pi brahmatvadhyeyatvādi-śravaṇādadṛṣṭadvārā bhūtotpatyādihetutvasaṃbhavācca jīvaḥ syāditi prāpte jijñāsyasya brahmaṇo lakṣaṇamāha :-
1.2
janmādīti | tadguṇasaṃvijñānabahuvrīhiṇā janmasthitibhaṅgādi bodhyate | asya caturdaśabhuvanātmakasya viriñcyādisthāvarānantakattu bhoktṛyuktasya nānāvidhakarmaphalāyatanasya jīvāttarksyātivicitraracanasya viśvasya yato yasmātparāt vā acintyaśaktika tāt svayaṃ-karttādirūpādupādānarūpācca janmādi bhavati tad brahmātra jijñāsyamityarthaḥ | bhūmātmaśabdau vyāptiguṇayogena bhagavati mukhyavṛttau bhūmādhikaraṇe vākyānvayādhikaraṇe ca tathaiva nirṇeṣyamāṇatvāt brahmaśabdastu niḥsīmātiśayaguṇayogāt tatraiva vartate | 'atha kasmāducyate brahmeti bṛhanto hyasmin guṇā' iti śrautanirvacanāt ato'yaṃ tatraiva mukhyaḥ | tato'nyatra tu tadguṇāṃśayogāt bhākta eva rājādivat | sa eva svāśritavātsalyanīradhistāpatrayavipluyamānairjanairniḥśreyasāya jijñāsyaḥ ataḥ parabrahmābhidhānaḥ puruṣottama eva jijñāsākarmabhūtaḥ | na cātra guṇādhyāso vaktu yuktaḥ vastuto brahmatvaprasaṃgāt | jijñāsā ca jñātumicchā vai | jñānaṃ ca parokṣāparokṣarūpaṃ dvividhaṃ, vijñāya prajñāṃ kurvītiti śruteḥ | tatra parameva prāpakaṃ, pūrvaṃ tu tatra dvāramiti sphuṭībhaviṣyati |
vijñānaṃ brahma cetyādikaṃ tu jīvasvarūpajñānamihopayogītīhaiva vakṣyate ca, iha brahmaṇo jīvetaratvapratipādanāt tayordvaitaṃ nābhimataṃ" netaro'nupapatte bhedavyapadeśācca muktopasṛpyavyapadeśādākāśo'rthāntaratvādi vyapadeśād bhedamātrasāmyaliṅgācceti sūtre mokṣe'pi tayordvaitanirūpaṇācca |
"upakramopasaṃhārāvabhyāso 'pūrvatā phalam | arthavādopapattī ca liṅgaṃ tātparyyanirṇaye |' iti yāni śāstratātparyyanirṇayeṇa ṣaḍvidhāni liṅgāni smṛtāni tānyapi dvaita eva vilokyante | tathāhi śvetāśvatarāḥ, dvā suparṇetyupapakramaḥ, anyamīśamityupasaṃhāraḥ, tayoranyo'naśnannanyo'nyamīśamiti abhyāsaḥ | īśvarasaṃbandhibhedasya śāstraṃ vina aprāpterapūrvatā, vītaśoka ityādi phalaṃ, asya mahimānametītyarthavādaḥ, anyo'naśnannityupattiścetyevamanyatrāpyetāni mṛgyāṇi | nanu phalavatyajñāte'rthe śāstratātparyāt tādṛśamadvaitaṃ tasya gocaraḥ, vaikalyādajñātatvācca dvaitaṃ na tadgocaraḥ, kiṃtu anūdyamānameva taditi cennaivam | 'pṛthagātmānaṃ preritāraṃ ca matvā juṣṭaṃstatastenāmṛtatvametītyādinā śvetāśvataraistatra phalasyokteḥ | viruddhadharmmāvacchinnapratiyogikatayā loke tasyājñātatvācca | advaite tvaphalasasvīkārādajñātaṃ ca śaśaśṛṅgavadasatvāt | yāni ca tadadvaitabodhakāni vākyāni kvaciddroyyante tāni tanmātrāyattavṛttikatvatadvyāpyattvādibhiḥ śāstrakṛttaiva saṃgamayiṣyante |' śāstradṛṣṭyā tūpadeśo vāmadevavadityupariṣṭāt | atha
jagajjanmādihetuḥ puruṣottamo'vicintyatvād vedāntenaiva bodhyo na tu tarkairiti vaktumārambhaḥ | "saccidānandarūpāya kṛṣṇāyākliṣṭakāriṇe | namo vedāntavedyāya gurave buddhisākṣiṇe" iti gopālatāpanyāṃ, "taṃnvaupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ pṛcchāmīti" bṛhadāraṇyake paṭhyate ca | iha saṃśayaḥ | upāsyo hariranumānenopaniṣadā vā vedya iti | gautamādyairmantavyaḥ iti śrutyā cāmyupagamādanumānena sa vedya iti prāpte :-
1.3
īkṣaternetyato netyākṛṣyam | mumukṣubhirasau nānumeyaḥ, kutaḥ, śāstreti | śāstramupaniṣad yonirbodhaheturyasya tastvat upaniṣadvodhyatvaśravaṇādityarthaḥ | anyathāpaniṣadasamākhyāvirodhaḥ | mantavya iti śrutyā tu svānusāritarko'bhyupagataḥ | 'pūrvāparāvirodhena ko'rtho'trābhimato bhavet | ityādyamūhanaṃ tarkaḥ śuṣkatarkaṃ tu varjayet |' ityādi śruteḥ | gautamādi-śuṣkatarkaheyatvaṃ tu vakṣyate, tarkāpratiṣṭhānāditi | tasmāt vedāntān viditvāsau dhyeya iti | idamevāduṣṭaṃ pramāṇamiti sūtrayati | śrutestuśabdamūlatvāditi | itthaṃ ca harerātmamūrttitvamanubhūteranubhavitṛtvaṃ svātmakadharmādhiṣṭhānaśālitvaṃ jagatkartṛ nirvikāratvaṃ cetyādi-śrūyamāṇarūpatayā tasyopāsanaṃ sidhyati | tatrāha na khalu tāvadvedāṃtavākyagaṇaḥ prayogayogyaḥ siddhārthabodhakatvena prayojanaśūnyatvāna, saptadvīpāvasundharetyādi vākyavata | pravṛttinivṛttirūpasādhyārthabodhakāni vākyāni prayojanavattvāt prayogayogyāni dṛṣṭāni | "arthalipsurnṛpaṃ gacchet" "mandāgnirna jalaṃ pibet" iti loke, "svargakāmo yajeta", "surāṃ na pibediti vede ca | na hi prayojanamanuddiśya vākyaprayogaḥ
jaimininā karmmaparatvaṃ tasya samarthitamiti vācyaṃ tasya brahmaniṣṭhatvāt | tasmāt karmmaprakaraṇasthānāṃ keṣāñcidvākyānāṃ svārthān tyaktvaiva tatparatvaṃ tena samarthitaṃ na tvanyat | tasmāt brahmaparameva taditi sphuṭaṃ |
atha pūrvvārthadāḍharyāya brahmaṇaḥ sarvvavedavedyatvamucyate | 'yo'sau sarvairvedairgīyata' iti gopālopaniṣadiḥ, 'sarvve vedā yatpadamāmananti' iti kaṭhavalyāṃ ca paṭhyate | tatra saṃśayaḥ | sarvvavedavedyatvaṃ viṣṇoryuktaṃ na veti | vedeṣu prāyeṇa karmmavidhānadarśanāt ayuktaṃ tasya tat | vṛṣṭiputrasvargādiphalakāni kārirīputrakāmyeṣṭijyotiṣṭomādīni karmmāṇi sāṅgāni setikarttavyāni vidadhato vedā dṛśyante | te ca pramāṇatvena svaviṣayāvagatauparyyavasāyino, viṣṇuparatayā na śakyā netumiti prāpte :—
1.4
tuśabdaḥ śaṅkācchedārthaḥ | tatsarvvavedavedyatvaṃ viṣṇoryuktaṃ, kutaḥ samanvayāt | anvayastātparyyaliṅgam | samanvayatvaṃ suvicāritatvaṃ | suvimṛṣṭairupakramopasaṃhārādibhiḥ ṣaḍbhirilliṅgaistatraiva śāstratātparyyāt sa eva tadvedya ityarthaḥ | itarathā kathaṃ yo'sāvityādiśrutivākyopapattiḥ | āha caivaṃ bhagavān puṇḍarīkākṣaḥ | "vedaiśca sarvvairahameva vedyo vedāntakṛdvedavideva cāham"iti | "kiṃ vidhatte kimācaṣṭe kimanūdya vikalpayet | ityasyā hṛdayaṃ loke nānyo madveda kaścana | māṃ vidhatte abhidhatte māṃ vikalpyāpohyate hyaham"iti vā | etaduktaṃ bhavati, sākṣātparamparābhyāṃ vedā
brahmaṇi pravarttante | tatra svarūpaguṇanirūpaṇena jñānakāṇḍe sākṣāt, karmmakāṇḍe tu jñānāṅgabhūtakarmmapratipādanena paramparayeti manyante, “taṃstvaupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ pṛcchāmi” “tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣantītyādiśravaṇāt | vṛṣṭiputrasvargādiphalakakarmmavidhāyitā tu teṣāṃ rucyutpādanāthaiva | vṛṣṭyādiphaladṛṣṭayā teṣvabhijāyatarucestadarthān vicārayato nityānityavastuvivekino brahmatṛṣṇā jagadvaitṛṣṇāṃ ca syāditi siddhaṃ sarveṣāṃ teṣāṃ brahmaparatvam | kāmitasyaiva vṛṣṭayādeḥ phalatvena pratīterakāmito 'sau na syāt | kiṃca jñānodayārthā buddhiśuddhirava bhavet | tametamityāderiti brahmāṅgabhūtadevatārccanaṃ khalu brahmārccanameva tatphalaṃ tu cittaśuddhirevetyanyat prācvan |
athotkavakṣyamāṇasamanvayopapattaye brahmaṇo'vācyatvaṃ nirasyate | 'yato vāco nivarttante aprāpya manasā saha' iti taittirīyake |'yadvācānabhyuditaṃ yena vāgabhyudyate tadeva brahma tad viddhi nedaṃ yadidamupāsata'iti kenopaniṣadi ca paṭhyate | tatra saṃśayaḥ, aśabdaṃ śabdavācyaṃ vā brahmeti ? śrutisvārasyādaśabdaṃ tat, anyathā svaprakāśatāhānāt | “yato 'prāpya nivarttante vācaśca manasā saha | aha ṃ cānya ime devāstasmai bhagavate namaḥ” iti smṛteścetyevaṃ prāpte nirākarttu māha-
1.5
nāsti śabdo vācako yasmin tadaśabdaṃ | īdṛśaṃ brahma na bhavati | kintu śabdavācyameva tat | kutaḥ, īkṣateḥ | tantvaupaniṣadaṃ puruṣaṃ pṛcchāmīti praṣṭavyasya puruṣasya aupaniṣadasamārūyādarśanādityarthaḥ | bhāve tippratyayastvārṣaḥ | sarve vedā yatpadamāmanantītyādivākyebhyaśca | aśabdaṃ tu kārtsnyenāśābditatvāt | dṛṣṭo'pi meruḥ
kātsnryenādarśanādadṛṣṭaḥ kalpyate | anyathā yata iti, aprāpyeti, anabhyuditamiti, tadeva brahmeti ca vyākupyeta | svātmanā vedena jñānaṃ khalu svaprakāśatayā na viruddhyate | tasya svātmakatvaṃ tu upari vakṣyate | tasmāta śabdavācyaṃ brahma |
syādetat | vācyatvenekṣitaḥ puruṣaḥ saguṇo'stu tatra gṛhītaśaktayo vedāḥ śuddhe pūrṇe vācyalakṣaṇāyā paryyavasyeyuriti cet tatrāha |
1.6
vācyatvena dṛṣṭo'sau satvopādhiko na bhavet | kutaḥ ātmaśabdāt | “ātmaivedamagra āsīt puruṣavidha” iti vājasaneyake | “ātmā vā idameka evāgra āsīt nānyat kiṃcana miṣat sa īkṣata lokānnu sṛjā” ityaitareyake ca sṛṣṭeḥ pūrvasya puruṣasya ātmaśabdenābhidhānān | tasya śabdasya pūrṇe brahmaṇi mukhyavṛttatā prāgbhāni | “vadanti tat tattvavidastattvaṃ yajjñānamadvayam | brahmeti paramātmeti bhagavāniti śabdyate || śuddhe mahāvibhūtārakhye pare brahmaṇi śabdyate | maitreya bhagavacchabdaḥ sarvakāraṇakāraṇe” || ityādismṛtyā ca pūrṇasya śuddhasya vācyatā | nahyavācyaḥ śabdituṃ śakyaḥ |
vājasaneyake | “pūrṇamadaḥ pūrṇamidaṃ pūrṇātpūrṇamuducyate | pūrṇasya pūrṇamādāya pūrṇamevāvaśiṣyate” || pūrṇe svasminneva pūrṇasyaiva svasyāvyayābhidhānān na pūrṇamaśabdam | yadidaṃ gauṇaṃ syāttarhi parasminnapīyānna tu svasminneva | na ca pūrṇaśabditaṃ syāt | vākyārthaṃ tu ado mūlarūpam | idaṃ prakāśarūpam | ubhayaṃ pūrṇam | rāsādiṣu karmasu mūlarūpāt pūrṇāduducyate prādurbhavati | tatpūrtau pūrṇasya prakāśarūpamādāyaikyaṃ nītvā pūrṇe mūlarūpamanyatrāvilīnaṃ avaśiṣyata iti | nirguṇasya harerevamvidhryaṃ smṛtirāha “sa devo bahudhā bhūtvā nirguṇaḥ puruṣottamaḥ | ekībhūya punaḥ śete nirdoṣo harirādikṛditi” |
yattu saguṇaṃ nirguṇaṃ ceti dvirūpaṃ brahma | tatrādyaṃ sattvopādhi sarvajñaṃ sarvaśakti jagatkāraṇam | dvitīyaṃ ca sattānubhūtimātraṃ pūrṇaṃ viśuddham | pūrvatra vedānāṃ śaktiḥ | paratra tu tātparyamityādyabhiprataṃ, tadapi nirasyati—
1.7
caturṣu netyanuvarttate | taittirīyake | “asadvā idamagra āsīttato vai sadajāyata tadātmānaṃ svayamakurutetyārabhya yadā hyevaiṣa etasminnadṛśye'nātmye'nirukte'nilayane'bhayaṃ pratiṣṭhāṃ vindate'thaso'bhayaṃ gato
bhavati yadā hyevaiṣa etasminnudaramantaraṃ kurute atha tasya bhayaṃ bhavati” iti prapaṃcātīte vedavācye viśvakarttari tasmin parabrahmaṇi pariniṣṭhitasya vimuktikathanānna sa gauṇaḥ | tasya gauṇatve tadbhaktasya muktiṃ na brūyāt | nirguṇaḥ paramātmā tasyānuvṛttyā mokṣaḥ smaryyate | “harirhi nirguṇaḥ sākṣātpuruṣaḥ prakṛteḥ paraḥ | sa sarvvadṛgupadraṣṭā taṃ bhajanninirguṇo bhavet” || iti |
1.8
yadyasau jagatkarttā gauṇaḥ syāt tarhi sādhanopadeśiṣu vedāntavākyeṣu strīpuṃsāderiva heyatvaṃ brūyānna caivamasti | kiṃ guṇahānāya mumukṣubhirupāsyaḥ sa kīrtyate ? tadbhinnasya tu gauṇasya taducyate “anyā vāco vimuñcatheti” | kartṛ tvacchedaṃ śuddhaniṣṭhapramataḥ satyatvādiriva mumukṣudhyeyatvaṃ bodhyaṃ tathā ca nirguṇaṃ eva vācya iti |
1.10
gatiḥ avagatiḥ,vijñānaghanaḥ sarvajñaḥ sarvaśaktiḥ pūrṇo viśuddhaḥ paramātmā jagaddheturupāsitaḥ san vimuktikṛditi dhīrityarthaḥ | tasyāḥ sarveṣu vedeṣuḥ sāmānyādaikarūpyāt | tathābhūtasyaikasya brahmaṇaḥ sarveṣu tattayābhidhānāt | saguṇaṃ nirguṇaṃ ceti dvirūpatā nāstītyarthaḥ | smṛtiśca "mattaḥ parataraṃ nānyat kiñcidasti dhanañjaya" iti |
atha sphuṭameva nirguṇasya vācyatvamāha—
1.11
kāṭhakādiṣu "eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ sarvavyāpī sarvabhūtāntarātmā | dharmādhyakṣaḥ sarvabhūtādhivāsaḥ sākṣī cetāḥ kevalo nirguṇaśceti"|| nirguṇasya śrūyuttatvācca vācya eva saḥ | nahyaśabdaḥ śrūyet | yattu lakṣṇayā nirguṇasyāvagatiḥ na tvabhidhayā pravṛttiniimittobhāvād iti jalpanti tadasat | sarvaśabdāvācye lakṣaṇā'yogāt | nirguṇatvāderapyadṛśyatvāderiva tannimittatvāt | nanu nirguṇo'pi guṇavāniti viruddham | maivam | rahasyanānavabodhāt | tathāhi, nirguṇādayaḥ śabdā nairguṇyādinā nimittena tatra pravarteran | sarvajñādayastu sārvajñyādinā | tena prākṛtaiḥ sattvādibhiḥ guṇairvihīnaḥ svarūpānubandhibhiḥ taistaistu viśiṣṭo'sāviti na kā'pi vicikitsā | smaranti
cettham| "sattvādayo na santīśe yatra ca prākṛtā guṇāḥ" "samastakalyāṇaguṇātmako'sau" ityādibhiḥ| tasmātpūrṇo viśuddho harirvedavācyaḥ| anāmādiśabdāstu guṇāprasiddhikātsnryāgocaratvāditaḥ saṅgamanīyāḥ| tadaprasiddhiśca prākṛtavailakṣaṇyenāgrahāt| kātsnryenāgocaratā tvānantyāt| yastu teṣāṃ sphuṭārthaṃ brūte sa evaṃ praṣṭavyaḥ| taistasya bodhaḥ syānna veti ? ādye te'pi tasyākhyāḥ| anye tu tadārambhavaiphalyāpattiriti |
śabdā vācakatāṃ yānti yatrānandamayādayaḥ| vibhumānandavijñānaṃ taṃ śuddhaṃ śraddhīmahi || yasya samanvayasyopapādanāya vācyatvaṃ brahmaṇaḥ samarthitaṃ tamidānīṃ darśayatyānandamaya ityādinā yāvadadhyāyapūrti| tatrāsmin prathame pāde prāyeṇānyatra prasiddhānāṃ śabdānāṃ brahmaṇi samanvayaḥ pradarśyate| taittirīyake "brahmavidāpnoti paraṃ" ityupakramya " sa vā eṣa puruṣo'nnarasamayaḥ" ityādinānnamayaprāṇamayamanomayavijñānamayān krameṇāmnāyedamabhidhīyate | "tasmādvā etasmādvijñānamayādanyo'ntarātmānandamayastenaiṣa pūrṇaḥ| sa vā eṣa puruṣavidha eva tasya puruṣavidhatāmanvayaṃ puruṣavidhaḥ, tasya priyameva śiraḥ, modo dakṣiṇaḥ pakṣaḥ, pramoda uttaraḥ pakṣaḥ, ānanda ātmā, brahma pucchaṃ pratiṣṭheti" || tatra saṃśayaḥ | kimayānandamayo jīva uta parabrahmeti | eṣa śārīra ātmeti dehasambandhapratīterjīva iti prāpte—
1.12
paraṃ brahmaiva saḥ | kutaḥ abhyāsāt | pratiṣṭhāntenānandamayaṃ nirūpya, "asanneva sambhavati asad brahmeti veda ced asti brahmeti ced veda santamenaṃ tato viduriti" tatraiva brahmaśabdasyābhyastatvāt | aviśeṣapunaḥ śrutirabhyāsaḥ | na cābhyāsaḥ pucchabrahmaṇīti vācyam | "annādvai prajāḥ prajāyanta" ityādīnāṃ pucchāntapaṭhitānāṃ caturṇāṃ ślokānāmannamayādipucchapuruṣacatuṣṭayaparatvenāsyāpi ślokasya tathābhūtasyāpyānandamayasyottarottarodayabhedena tattannāmabhedāt tadyogāt | viśeṣatastu tṛtīye vakṣyate priyaśirastvādyaprāpterityādinā | yattvāhurannamayādyasukhapravāhanipātānnāndamayasya mukhyatvamiti | naiṣa doṣaḥ | tasya sarvvāntaratvāt | ajñānāṃ jñaptisaulabhyāya tathopadeśapravṛtteḥ | paramopakarttā hi vedaḥ paramevātmānaṃ vijijñāpayiṣurarundhatīdarśananyāyenāparopadeśo'pi pravarttate | nanvetāvatā paratra tasya tātparyyaṃ na vā parasyāmukhyatvamiti | kiñcottaratra brahmajijñāsuṃ prati tatpitā varuṇe viśvotpattyādihetubhūtaṃ vastu brahmetyupadiśya punaḥ sa buddhayarthamannaprāṇamanovijñānāni krameṇa brahmetyuktavānte tvānandamayaṃ brahmetyupadarśayopararāma | madukteyaṃ vidyā bhagavanniṣṭhetyabhidadhau | athopasaṃhāre'pi | sa ya evaṃvidrasmāllokātpretya
etamannamayaṃmātmānaṃ upasaṃkramyetyādyuktvā "etamānandamayamātmānaṃ upasaṃkramya imān lokān kāmānnī kāmarūpyanusaṃcarannetat sāma gāyannāste" ityuktamataḥ paraṃ brahma vānandamayaḥ | puruṣavidho'nnamayo'tra caramo'nnamayādiṣu yaḥ sadasataḥ paraṃ tvamatha yadveṣvavaśeṣemṛta" miti smṛteśca | śārīratvaṃ tu tasminnāpe na viruddham | yasya pṛthivī śarīramityādiśrutau tasyāpi tadukteḥ | ataḥ śārīrakamidaṃ śāstram | yattvānandamaya ityatra brahmapucchamityādi vyācaṣṭe, tanmandam | śabdasvārasya bhaṅgāddeśikānugatihānācca |
vikāre mayaṭ smṛterjīvāśaṅkā kasyacitsyādatastāṃ nirākarttu māha |
1.13
na hyānandavikāratvādānandamayaḥ | kutaḥ | prācuryādānandasya tatprakṛtavacane mayadiborderti prācurye'rthe mayaḍavidhānāt | na ca vikāre mayaḍastu | dvyacaśchandasīti niyamāt bahusvarādvikārārthakasya tasyāprāpteḥ | na ca duḥkhāpyasadbhāvaḥ, "eṣa sarvabhūtāntarātmāpahatapāpmā divyo deva eko nārāyaṇaḥ" iti subālaśruteḥ, "paraḥ parāṇāṃ sakalā na yatra kleśādayaḥ santi parāvareśa" iti smṛteśca | tasmātprakṛtyarthaprabhūtatvamevātra prācuryyam | pracuraprakāśo raviriti svarūpe ca yujyate pracuraśabdaḥ | tasmādānandamayo na jīvaḥ |
1.14
"ko hyevānyāt kaḥ prāṇayāt yadyeṣa ākāśa ānando na syāt | eṣa evānandayatīti 'jīvasyā-
nandasya heturānandamaya iti vyapadeśācca jīvādānandayitā bhidyate | ityānandaśabdenānandamayo dṛśyaḥ |
1.15
satyaṃ jñānamiti mantravarṇoktaṃ brahma va yasmādānandamaya iti gīyate'to nāsau jīvaḥ | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ | brahmavidāpnoti paramityupāsakasya jīvasya prāpyabrahmopakramya tadeva satyamityādimantreṇa viśeṣitam | tasyaivehānandamayaśabdena grahaṇamucitam | tasmādvā etasmādityādibhiruttarottaravākyaistasyaivopaqāntasya prapañcanāt | tataśca prāpyaṃ brahma prāptajīvādanyadeveti nānandamayasya jīvatvam |
nanu māntravarṇikaṃ brahma cejjīvādanyat syāttadā tasyaivānandamayatvasamarthanena jīvāśaṃkāpanayaḥ syānna caivamasti jīvasvarūpasyaivāvidyātatkāryyanirmuktasya mantravarṇena parāmarśāttasmādanatirikto jīvādānandamaya iti cettatrāha |
1.16
itaro muktāvastho'pi jīvo na māntravarṇikaḥ | kutaḥ | anupapatteḥ “so'śnute sarvān kāmān saha brahmaṇā vipaściteti” sahabhogaśravaṇātsiddheḥ | vividhaṃ paśyati cityasyāsau tena vipaścitā | pṛṣodarāditvāt paśyaśabdasya paśābhāvaḥ | vividhabhogacatureṇa tena saha saṃyuktaḥ sarvān kāmānaśnute bhuṃkte | aśa bhojane ityasmāt śrāpratyayaparasmaipadayorvyatyayena śnupratyayātmanepadayorvidhānam | vyatyayo bahulamiti chandasi tathā smṛteḥ |
sahabhāvoktyā bhoge bhagavato prādhānyam | bhaktasya tu prādhānyamanabhimatam | "vaśe kurvvanti māṃ bhaktāḥ satstriyaḥ satpatiṃ yathetyādi tadvākyāt |
1.17
"raso vai sa rasaṃ hyevāyaṃ labdhvānandībhavatīti" tasyaiva māntravarṇikasyānandarūpasya rasaprāpteḥ tasya labhyasya labdhurjīvānmuktāvasthādapi bhedokteśca māntravarṇiko'sāvanya eva | "brahma va san brahmāpnoti" ityādiśvapi na muktasya brahmābhedaḥ | brahmāpyayasya brahmabhūyānantarabhāvitvāt | kintu brahmasadṛśaḥ santrityevārthaḥ| "nirañjanaḥ paramaṃ sāmyamupaitīti" śruteḥ | "idaṃ jñānamupāśritya mama sādharmyamāgatāḥ" ityādi smṛteśca | sādṛśye'pyevaśabdro'sti| vāva yathā tathaiveva sāmye ityanuśāsanāt |
nanu sattvasyānandahetoḥ pradhāne sattvāt tadevānandamayaṃ syāditi cet tatrāha |
1.18
"so'kāmayata vahusyāṃ prajāyeya" iti saṃkalpādeva viśvasargaśruternānumānasya pradhānasyāsminnānandamayavākye bhavatyapekṣā jaḍasya saṅkalpāsambhavāt |
1.19
asminnānandamaye puṃsi pratiṣṭhitasyāsya jīvasyābhayayogaṃ kṛtāntarasya tu bhayayogaṃ śāsti śrutiḥ yadā hyevetyādinā | na caiṣā śiṣṭiḥ pradhānapakṣe saṃbhavet | tatra prakṛtiviyuktasyābhayamabhyupagamyate, na tu tatsaṃsṛṣṭasya | tasmādānandamayo harireva na jīvo nāpi prakṛtiriti |
chāndogye | "atha ya eṣo'ntarādityo hiraṇmayaḥ puruṣo dṛśyate hiraṇyaśmaśrurhiraṇyakeśa āpraṇakhāt sarva eva suvarṇastasya yathā kapyāsaṃ puṇḍarīkamevamakṣiṇī tasyoditi nāma sa eṣa sarvebhyaḥ pāpmabhya udita udeti ha vai sarvebhyaḥ pāpmabhyo ya evaṃ veda tasya ṛksāma ca geṣṇau tasmādudgīthastasmāttvevodgātātasya hi gāthā sa eṣa ye cāmuṣmāt parāñco lokāsteṣāṃ ceṣṭe devakāmānāṃ cetyadhidaivatamathādhyātmam || atha ya eṣo'ntarakṣiṇi puruṣo dṛśyate saiva ṛk tatsāma tadukthaṃ tadyajustadbrahma tasyaitasya tadeva rūpaṃ yadamuṣyarūpam | yāvamuṣya geṣṇau tau geṣṇau yannāma tannāma" iti śrūyate || tatra saṃśayaḥ, kimayaṃ puṇyajñānātiśayavaśāt prāptotkarṣo jīvaḥ kaścit sūrye'kṣiṇi vopaddiśyate uta tadanyaḥ paramātmeti | tatra dehitvādipratīterupacitapuṇyo jīva evāyaṃ jñānaśaktyādhikyaṃ ca puṇyātiśayāddta eva lokakāmeśitṛtvādiphalārpaṇādupāsyatvaṃ cetyevaṃ prāptau ||
1.20
tayorantarvarttī paramātmaiva na jīvaḥ | kutaḥ | tadityādeḥ | iha prakaraṇe'pahatapāpmatvādīnāṃ taddharmmāṇāṃ nigadāt | apahatapāpmatvamapahatakarmmatvaṃ karmmavaśyatāgandharāhityamiti yāvat | na caitat karmmavaśye jīve saṃbhavet | na cautpattikaṃ lokakāmeśitṛtvādi | nāpi phaladātṛtvaṃ tatra mukhyam | na copāsyatāyāḥ pāravaśyam | yattu dehasaṃbandhāt
jīvo'sāvityuktaṃ tanna puruṣasūktādiṣu "vedāhametaṃ puruṣaṃ mahāntamādityavarṇaṃ tamasaḥ parastāt" ityādinā tasyātmabhūtadivyarūpaśravaṇāt |
1.21
ādityādidehābhimānino jīvādanyo'ntaryāmī paramātmetyavaśyamaṅgīkāryyam | "ya āditye tiṣṭhannādityādantaro yamādityo na veda yasyādityaḥ śarīraṃ ya ādityamantaro yamayatyeṣa ta ātmāntaryyāmyamṛta" iti vṛhadāraṇyake tasmādbhedinirūpaṇāt sa evaiha bhavitumarha ti śrutisāmānyāt |
tatraiva chāndogye śrūyate | "asya lokasya kā gatiriti ākāśa iti hovāca | sarvāṇi ha vā imāni bhūtānyākāśādeva samutpadyante | ākāśaṃ pratyastaṃ yāntyākāśaḥ parāyaṇamiti | iha sandihyate | ākāśaśabdabodhya viyadbrahma veti ? tatrākāśaśabdasya viyati rūḍhatvādākāśādvāyuriti tasyāpi bhūtahetutvaśravaṇācca viyaditi prāptau ||
1.22
brahmaiva sa na viyat | kutaḥ talliṅgāt | sarvvabhūtotpādanatvādilakṣaṇabrahmaliṅgādityarthaḥ | etaduktaṃ bhavati | sarvāṇītyasaṅkucita-sarvvaśabdādviyasahitasarvvabhūtotpattihetutvamavagatam | na ca tadviyatpakṣe sambhavetsvasya svahetutvābhāvāt | ākāśādevetyevakāreṇa hetvantaraṃ ca nirastam | etadapi na tatpakṣe | mṛdāderghaṭādihetordṛṣṭatvāt | brahmapakṣe tu saṅgatitam tasyaiva sarvvaśaktimataḥ sarvvasvarūpatvāt | yadyapyākāśaśabdastatra rūḍhastathāpi śrautarūḍhito brahmaṇi prayujyate baliṣṭhatvāditi |
“katamā sā devateti | prāṇa iti hovāca | sarvāṇi ha vā imāni bhūtāni prāṇamevābhisaṃviśanti prāṇamabhyujjihate” iti tatraiva śrūyate | tatra prāṇo mukhāntarvarttī vāyuruta sarveśvara iti sandehe | rūḍhatvādūbhūtābhyudayābhisaṃveśayoḥ prāṇahetukatvaprasiddheśca vāyureveti prāptau|
1.23
prāṇo'yaṃ sarveśvara eva na vāyuvikāraḥ | kutaḥ | ataeva sarvabhūtotpattipralayahetutvarūpādbrahmaliṅgādeva |
tatraiva śrūyate | “atha yadataḥ paro divo jyotirdīpyate viśvataḥ pṛṣṭheṣu sarvataḥ pṛṣṭheṣvanuttameṣūttameṣu lokeṣu idaṃ vāva tadyadidamasminnantaḥ puruṣe jyotiriti”| tatra saṃśayaḥ | kimiha jyotirādityādi tejaḥ kiṃ vā brahmeti | tatra brahmaṇaḥ pūrvvamasannidhānādādityāditejastaditi prāptau-
1.24
jyotiriha brahmauva grāhyam | kutaḥ | caraṇoti | “tāvānasya mahimā tato jyāyāṃśca puruṣaḥ pādo'sya sarvā bhūtāni tripādasyāmṛtaṃ divi” iti pūrvvatra dyusaṃbandhinaḥ sarvabhūtapādatvokteḥ | idamatra tattvaṃ, pūrvaṃ hi pādo'syeti catuṣpād brahma prakṛtaṃ tadeveha yaditi yacchabdenānuvarttitamityasannidhibhaṅgādubhayatra dyusaṃbandhaśravaṇāviśeṣācca nikhilatejasvī haraIREva jyotirnatvādityādiriti |
1.25
nanu "gāyatrī vā idaṃ sarvaṃ bhūtaṃ yadidaṃ kiñciditi"tyupakramya tāmeva bhūtavākpṛthivīśarīrahṛdayaprabhedairvyākhyāya "saiṣā catuṣpadā ṣaḍvidhā gāyatrī tadetadṛcābhyuktam | tāvānasya mahimā" iti tasyāmeva vyākhyātarūpāyāmudāhṛto mantraḥ kathama kasmāccatuṣpād brahmābhidadhyāt | tasmādgāyatryākhyasya chandasastatrābhidhānānna brahma prakṛtamiti cenna | kutaḥ | tatheti | tathā gāyatryātmanāvatīrṇau brahmaṇi ceto'rpaṇasya dhyānasya tatra nigadādupadeśādityarthaḥ | tathā sati hi gāyatrī vā idaṃ sarvamiti darśanaṃ saṃgatimat syādanyathā pīḍyateti gāyatryā brahmatve pramāṇaṃ darśitaṃ bhavati |
1.26
evaṃ brahmava gāyatrīti mantavyam | kutaḥ | bhūtādīti bhūtādīni nirddiśyāha | saiṣā catuṣpādīti | tasyā brahmatvābhāve tatpādatvavyapadeśāsiddhe rityarthaḥ | tasmādasti pūrvasmin vākye prakṛtaṃ brahma tadeveha yadityanuvarttamānāddyusaṃbandhena pratyabhijñānācca parāmṛṣṭamiti |
ubhayatra dyusaṃbandhaśravaraṇāviśeṣamākṣipya samādadhāti ||
nanu evaṃ cedvakturātmopadeśaḥ kathaṃ saṅgaccheta tatrāha ||
1.27
nanu tripādasyāmṛtandivīti saptamyā dyaurādhāratvenopadiṣṭā | iha punaḥ paro diva iti pañcamyā maryādātvena, ityevamupadeśabhedānna tasyeha pratyabhijñeti cenna | kutaḥ | ubhayeti | ubhayasminnapi saptamyante copadeśe sa na virudhyate | yathā loke vṛkṣāgrastho'pi śuka ubhayathopadiśyamāno dṛśyate vṛkṣāgre śuko vṛkṣāgrāt parataḥ śuka iti| sa copadeśabhede'pyarthaikyānna virudhyate tadvat |
kauṣītakibrāhmaṇe “pratarddadno daivodāsirindrasya priyaṃ dhāmopajagāma yuddhena pauruṣeṇa cetyupakramyendrapratarddanākhyāyikā śrūyate | tatra pratarddanena hitatamaṃ varaṃ pṛṣṭa indrastamupadiśati | “prāṇo'smi prajñātmā taṃ māmāyuramṛtamupāssveti” | iha saṃśayaḥ | kimayamirudraḥ prāṇaśabdanirdiṣṭo jīvaḥ kimvā paramātmeti | tatrenddraśabdasya jīvaviśeṣe prasiddhe stadekārthasya prāṇaśabdasya tatraiva vṛtteścāyaṃ jīva eva tena pṛṣṭaḥ svopāsanaṃ hitatamamāheti prāpte |
1.28
tannirdiṣṭaḥ paramātmaiva na jīvaḥ | kutaḥ | tatheti | tatprakṛtasya tasya “sa eṣa prāṇa eva prajñātmānando'jaro'mṛta” ityānandādiśabdavācyatvenānugamāt |
nanu noktaṃ yujyate vaktṛsvarūpanirūpaṇāt | māmeva vijānīhi prāṇo'smīti vaktā khalu indraḥ | tena “triśīrṣāṇaṃ tvāṣṭramahanamarunmukhānṛṣīn śālāvṛkebhyaḥ prāyacchamni”tyādinā vijñātajīvabhāvasya svasyaivopāsyatvenopadeśāt | upakramānurodhenānandāderapyupasaṃhāragatasya jīvaparatayā neyatvācca | prāṇo'smītīndradevataiva tattvenopāsitumupadiśyate vācaṃ dhenumupāsītetivat | balādhiṣṭhātṛtvācca tasya tathopadeśaḥ | prāṇo vai balamiti hi vadanti | tasmājjīvo'yamityākṣipya pariharati |
1.29
adhyātmasambandhaḥ paramātmaikāntadharmasambandhastasya bhūmā bahutvamasmin prakaraṇe hi yasmād dṛśyate'taḥ paramātmaiva sa bodhyaḥ | tathāhi hitatamaṃ varaṃ kila mokṣāptyupāyaḥ | tatkarmatvaṃ māmupāssveti prāṇaśabdiṛtasya pratīyate | “eṣa eva sādhu karmma kārayati” ityādinā sarvakarmakārayitṛtvam | “tadyathā rathasyāreṣu nemirarpitā nābhāvarā arpitā
evamevaitā bhūtamātrāḥ prajñāmātrāsvarpitāḥ | prajñāmātrāḥ prāṇe'rpitāḥ” iti jaḍacetanātmakasamastādhāratvaṃ ca | evaṃ “sa eva prāṇa eva prajñātmānando'jaro'mṛtaḥ | eṣa lokādhipatireṣa sarveśvaraḥ” | ityānandātmakatvādvi ca | tadetaddharmmajātaṃ paramātmanyeva sambhavati nānyatreti |
1.30
tu śabdaḥ sandehahānau | vijñātajīvabhāvenāpīndreṇa māmeva vijānīhi māmupāssvetyupāsyatrahmarūpatayā yo'yaṃ svopadeśaḥ kṛtaḥ sa śāstradṛṣṭyaiva sambhavati netarathā | śāstraṃ khalu yadvṛttiryadāyattā taṃ tādrūpyeṇa upadiśati | “na vai vāco na cakṣūṃṣi na śrotrāṇi na manāṃsītyācakṣate prāṇa ityevācakṣate prāṇo hyevaitāni sarvāṇi bhavatīti” chāndogyaśrutiḥ | prāṇṇāyattavṛttikatvādvindriyāṇi prāṇarūpatayā nirdiśati|tathā caivaṃ viduṣo vaktuḥ svaprajñāṃ svavineye sañcicārayiṣormāmeva vijānīhītyādyupadeśo 'nyathā svaṃ brahmāyattavṛttikamasau na vidyāditi | dṛṣṭāntamāha | vāmeti | yathā bṛhadāraṇyake “tadvai tatpaśyannṛṣirvāmadevaḥ pratipede ahaṃ manurabhavaṃ sūryyaścetyatrāhamiti” svavṛttihetuṃ brahma nirdiśya tadekārthena manvādīn vāmadevo vyapadiśati tathendro'pi svamiti | smṛtiśca tadvyāpyasya tādrūpyamabhidhatte | “yo'yaṃ tavāgato deva ! samīpaṃ devatāgaṇaḥ | satyameva jagatsraṣṭā yataḥ sarvvagato bhavān” iti | “sarvaṃ samāpnoṣi tato'si sarvva” iti ca | loke'pi sthānamattyaikyādai kyaṃ vadanti | gāvaḥ sāyamekatāṃ yāntīti | “vivadamānā nṛpāstāṃ yātāra” iti ca |
nanvastu brahma kāntadharmasambandhabhūmā tathāpyetadvākyaṃ brahmaparamiti na śakyaṃ niyantum | “na vācaṃ vijijñāsīta vaktāraṃ vidyāt |” triśīrṣāṇaṃ tvāṣṭramahanamityādijīvaliṅgāt | “yāvadasmin śarīre prāṇo vasati tāvadāyuratha khalu prāṇa eva prajñātmā idaṃ śarīraṃ parigṛhyotthāpayatīti” mukhyaprāṇaliṅgācca | evaṃ “yo vai prāṇaḥ sā prajñā yā prajñā sa prāṇaḥ | saha hyetāvasmin śarīre vasataḥ | sahotkrāmata” ityapi jīvādyuktau na bādhakaṃ | pravṛttinivṛttisāhityena dvaye raikyopacārāt | tasmāt trayamupāsyamiti tadetannirākartu māha |
1.31
jīvaprāṇayorliṅgān nāvapyupāsyāviti yaduktaṃ tanna, kutaḥ, tathā sati upāsātraividhyān | na caikasmin vākye tadaṅgīkartuṃ śakyaṃ vākyabhedaprasaṅgāt | ayamāśayaḥ | kiṃ jīvādiPostliṅgāt brahmadharmāṇāṃ jīvādiparatvaṃ, kiṃvā trayāṇāṃ svātantryaṃ, āhosvit jīvādiPostliṅgānāṃ brahmaparatvamiti | tatrādyaḥ prāgeva nirastaḥ | dvitīyastūposātraividhyaprasaṅgena dūṣitaḥ | tṛtīye yuktimāhāśritatvāditi | anyatrāpi jīvaprāṇādiśabdānāṃ brahmārthatvaśravaṇādihāpi tathā | nanu tatra liṅgasattvāt tadarthatvamāśritamiti cedihāpi hitatamopāsanakarmatvādiliṅgayogāt tadarthatvamāśrayituṃ yuktamityāha | iha tadyogāditi | nanu sahavāsotkrāntyorbrahmapakṣe kathaṃ saṅgatiriti cenna brahmakriyājñānaśaktayordehe sahā-
vasthānaṃ saha cotkramaṇamityarthāsattvāt|nanu prāṇādiśabdābhyāṃ dharmipratipādanāt kathaṃ dharmmaparattvaṃ, maivaṃ dharmmapratipādane'pi dharmiṇaḥ pratipatte rubhayorekarūpyāt | prāṇo'smi prajñātmeti śaktidvayadharmmakatayā nirdiṣṭasya punardharmmarūpasya praśaṃsā| yo vai prāṇaḥ sa prajñeti | tasmāddbrahma vātra indraprāṇaprajñādiśabdairavagantavyamiti | nanvanārabhyamevaitat prāk prāṇacintāyā gatārthatvāt | maivam | pūrvvatra śabdamātre saṃśayaḥ iha tu ānandādike kathañcidanyaparatayā nīte sādhakasya brahma kāntadharmmasya abhāvāt bādhakasya jīvādiliṅgasya tu sattvādarthe'pi sa iti tadādhikyāt pṛthagārambhaḥ |
|| iti śrīmadbrahmasūtrabhāṣye prathamādhyāyasya prathamaḥpādaḥ || dvitīyapādaḥ
prathame pāde samastajagatkāraṇabhūtaṃ puruṣottamamākhyaṃ paraṃ brahma jijñāsyamityuktaṃ | tatraivānyatra pratītānāṃ keṣāñcidvākyānāṃ brahmaṇi samanvayaḥ pradarśitaḥ | dvitīyatṛtīyayostu aspaṣṭabrahmaliṅgakānāṃ keṣāñcidvākyānāṃ tasminneva samanvayaḥ pradarśyate | chāndogye śāṇḍilyavidyāyāmidamāmananti | “sarvvaṃ khalvidaṃ brahma tajjalāniti śānta upāsīta| atha khalu kratumayaḥ puruṣaḥ | yathā kraturasmin loke puruṣo bhavati tathetaḥ pretya bhavati | sa kratuṃ kurvīta | manomayaḥ prāṇaśarīro bhārūpaḥ satyasaṃkalpa ākāśātmā sarvvakarmā sarvvakāmaḥ sarvvagandhaḥ sarvvarasaḥ sarvvamidamabhyātto'vākyānodara” ityādi | tatra saṃśayaḥ | manomayattvādiguṇairupāsyo jīva uta paramātmeti | tatra manaḥprāṇayorjīvopakaraṇatvāt “aprāṇo hyamanāḥ śubhraḥ” iti paramātmanastanniṣedhādhāt tadvān jīvo'yaṃ syāt | na ca sarvvaṃ khalvidaṃ brahma iti pūrvvanirdiṣṭaṃ brahmātra grahītuṃ śakyaṃ tasya vākyasyopāsyupakaraṇaśāntividhiparatvāt | śāntiniṣpattaye sarvvasya brahmātmakatvopadeśaḥ| evaṃ jīve niścite antimo brahmaśabdo'pyetatparaḥ syādityevaṃ prāpte |
Linked texts (1)
- Brahmasūtra — Bādarāyaṇa, Sanskrit