Manava Dharmashastra 3.144

3.144

yakṣmī vyādhitaḥ | rājayakṣmagṛhīta ityanye |
paśupālaḥ yaṣṭihastastadvṛttijīvanaḥ |
nirākṛtiḥ satyadhikāre mahāyajñānuṣṭhānarahitaḥ | adyatve'pyanupajīvyaḥ anarddhā nirākṛtirucyate | evaṃ hi śatapathe “yo na devānarcati na pitṝn manuṣyān” iti |
yaistu paṭhyate “asvādhyāyaśrutadhanairnirākṛtirudāhṛtaḥ” iti, na te śabdārthasambandhavidaḥ | tasyehāprāptireva, śrotriyaniyamāt | nirākartā devādīnāṃ ‘nirākṛtiriti’ dhātvarthānugamo'sti | dharmadharmiṇoścābhedavivakṣāyāṃ ktināpi prayoga upapanna iti | nipūrvo'yaṃ dhāturapavarjane vartate | nirākṛtā apavarjitā ucyante, ‘bhojanānnirākṛtā’ ‘adhikārānnirākṛtā’ iti | avarjanaṃ cākṛtiḥ sā nirgatā'smāditi ‘nirākṛtiḥ’ | saṃsthānaṃ cākṛtistasyā ca kutsāyāṃ nirdraṣṭavyo durākṛtirniṣidhyate | āha ca “vāgrūpavayaḥśīlasaṃpannaḥ” (gau0 sū0 15|6) | vāksaṃpanno vāgmī paṭuvāgindriyaśca | bahujihvo na bhojyaḥ | rūpasaṃpanno manoharāvayavasaṃniveśaḥ | vayaḥsaṃpannaḥ | ‘yuvabhyo dānaṃ prathamaṃ prativayasa ityeka’ (gau0 sū0 15|10) iti | saṃjñāśabdo vā'yaṃ ktijantaḥ |
brahmadviṭ brāhmaṇānāṃ vedasya vā dveṣṭā| brahmaśabdasyobhayārthavācitvāt| "brahmāpi brāhmaṇaḥ smṛtaḥ" iti| gaṇāḥ saṅghaḥ| sahaikayā kriyayā jīvanti ye te gaṇaśabdvācyāstadantargatāścāturvidyabrāhmaṇāḥ| parivettṛparivittī vakṣyamāṇasvarūpau |

The invalid, the cattle-tender, one who has superseded h is elder brother, he who neglects the Great Sacrifices, one who is inimical to Brāhmaṇas, he who has been superseded by his younger brother, and one who is member of a company.—(154)

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):
The term ‘yakṣmī’ stands here for the invalid in general. Some peope take it as standing for one suffering from consumption.

‘Cattle-tender’— he who, stick in hand, tends cattle as a profession.

‘Nirākṛti,’ ‘who neglects the Great Sacrifices,’—one who, though entitled to perform the Great Sacrifices, fails, to perform them. Even now-a-days, one who fails to perform the Great Sacrifices, and is, on that account, regarded as incapable of being served,’ is called ‘Nirākṛti.’ Thus we read in the Śatapatha—‘ one who worships neither gods, nor ancestors nor men.’

Some people quote the definition that—‘the man devoid of Vedic study, learning and wealth is called Nirākṛti;’ but these people are ignorant of the right meaning of words; because the person mentioned in this definition can have no connection with the present context, which deals exclusively with ‘persons learned in the Veda.’ If the term ‘Nirākṛti’ is taken iii the sense of ‘the derider, Nirākartā, of gods, etc.,’ then there is. some compatibility with the literal signification of the root; and even though the term ends with the abstract affix, ‘ktin,’ and as such is an abstract noun denoting a quality, yet its use in the sense of the person having that quality may be justified on the principle that there is no difference between the quality and one possessing the quality.

Then again, the root in the term ‘Nirākṛti,’ when preceded by ‘ni,’ signifies exclusion: people who are excluded are said to be ‘Nirākṛta;’ as we find in such expressions as ‘Nirākṛta, excluded, from dinner,’ ‘Nirākṛta, excluded, from title,’ and so forth. Thus non-exclusion would be ‘ākrti,’ ‘invitation;’ and one from whom this has been set aside, would be ‘Nirākṛti.’

Further, ‘ākṛti’ also means configuration; the prefix ‘ni’ having the sense of reprehensibilty, the term may be taken as excluding the ill-figured person. It has been declared that (one should feed) ‘one who is endowed with speech, beauty, age and diameter:’ here ‘endowed with speech’ means eloquent, of powerful speech; but the man who is garrulous should not be fed; ‘endowed with beauty’ means having a beautiful body and limbs; ‘endowed with age’ means what Gautama (15.10) has said in regard to ‘the feeding of older men before youths,’

Lastly, the term ‘Nirākṛti’ may be taken as ending in ‘ktich,’ and being a proper name,

‘One who is inimical to Brahman’—one who hates Brāhmaṇas, or the Veda; the term ‘Brahman’ denoting both (Brāhmaṇa and Veda); when, for instance, it is said that ‘the Brāhmaṇa also is called Brahman.’

‘Company’—corporation; those, who subsist conjointly upon one means of livelihood, are spoken of by the name ‘com pany;’ and those Brāhmaṇas who are members of such a company.

‘One who has superseded his elder brother’ and ‘one who has been superseded by his younger brother’—these are going to be described later on.—(154)