Garudapurana 1.105

The glorious Garuḍa Mahāpurāṇa — 105 / By not performing what is ordained and by indulging in what is censured, / and from lack of restraint of the senses, a man incurs a fall.

Therefore, expiation should be performed with effort for purification; / thus his inner self and the world become pleased with him.

The world becomes pleased, as does his own self; thus sins are destroyed through expiations. / Those who do not perform expiation, devoid of repentance,

the sinners surely go to the hells: Mahāraurava and Raurava, / Tāmisra, Lohaśaṅku, and [that which is] filled with a foul smell,

Haṃsābha, Lohitoda, Sañjīvana, Nadīpatha, / Mahānilaya, Kākola, Andhatāmisra, Vāpana,

Avīci, and Kumbhīpāka—the sinners go [there] indeed through demerit. / A killer of a brahmin, a drinker of liquor, a thief, an associate of such, one who violates the teacher's bed,

reviling the teacher and reviling the Vedas—both are equal to the killing of a brahmin. / Eating forbidden food and acting crookedly,

tasting the mouth of a menstruating woman—these are equal to the drinking of liquor. / Stealing horses, gems, and the like is considered equal to the theft of gold.

[Intercourse] with a friend's wife, a maiden, women of one's own kin, outcaste women, / and women of the same gotra, is recorded as equal to violating the teacher's bed.

With the father's sister, the mother's sister, the maternal uncle's wife, and a daughter-in-law, / the mother's co-wife, a sister, and the teacher's daughter,

the teacher's wife, and one's own daughter—one who approaches [them] violates the teacher's bed. / Cutting off his penis, his execution [is ordained], and likewise that of the willing woman.

Killing a cow, being a vrātya, theft, repudiation of debts, / neglecting the sacred fires, sale of forbidden goods, marrying before an elder brother,

receiving instruction from a paid teacher, teaching for a fee, / adultery, being an elder brother whose younger brother marries first, usury, manufacture of salt,

subsisting on the censured wealth of a good Śūdra, a Vaiśya, or a degraded Kṣatriya, / atheism, breach of an observance, [inflicting punishment by the] stake, and the sale of cows and horses,

abandoning father, mother, or friends, selling a pond or an orchard, / defiling a maiden, sacrificing for one who marries before his elder brother,

giving a maiden in marriage to such a one, crookedness, breach of an observance, / undertaking an action for oneself alone, consorting with a woman who drinks liquor,

abandoning one's Vedic study, sacred fire, and son, and abandoning relatives, / studying false scriptures, and selling one's wife or oneself:

these are declared to be minor sins. Learn now their expiation. / Bearing the skull of a corpse as a staff-emblem, eating alms-food, proclaiming his deed,

the killer of a brahmin, eating moderately for twelve years, attains purification. / Or [offering] with: "Svāhā to the bodily hairs," [he should offer] the body beginning with the hair

up to the marrow, or sacrifice according to order with their respective mantras. / Purification may arise from protecting a brahmin; by doing so, purification indeed occurs.

Or having freed a twice-born man and a cow from affliction, or even being killed for the sake of a brahmin; / or in a forest, self-restrained, having muttered the Vedic saṃhitā three times,

or having served Sarasvatī, he should dedicate wealth to a worthy recipient. / The killer of a Kṣatriya or a Vaiśya engaged in a sacrifice should observe the vow for a killer of a brahmin.

The killer of an embryo according to the caste, and likewise the killer of a woman in her courses, / should perform the observance, or even without killing, if he had approached for the purpose of killing.

If a brahmin is engaged in a soma-sacrifice, one should observe a double vow. / Drinking liquor-water, clarified butter, or cow's urine, a liquor-drinker attains purification.

Or [drinking] fire-colored clarified butter, wearing bark-garments, he should have matted hair; / he should perform the vow of a killer of a brahmin; he is worthy of initiation anew.

From drinking semen, feces, or urine, a brahmin woman who drinks liquor, / fallen from the world of her husband, becomes a female vulture, a sow, or a female dog.

A twice-born man who has stolen gold, having given a pestle to the king / and proclaimed his deed, slain by him, becomes pure.

Or giving gold equal to his own weight, a twice-born man may attain purification. / On a bed together with an iron woman, he should lie down silently.

Having cut off his penis and testicles, he should discard them in the south-western direction. / The violator of the teacher's bed should observe the Prājāpatya kṛcchra for a year,

or the Cāndrāyaṇa for three months, and study the Vedic saṃhitā. / A cow-killer should drink pañcagavya and dwell restrained for a month.

Sleeping in a cow-pen, following cows, he is purified by the gift of a cow. / Purification from a minor sin is attained through the Cāndrāyaṇa vow,

or by [living on] milk for a month, or by the Parāka observance. / For killing a Kṣatriya, a man should give one bull and a thousand cows;

or he should perform the vow for the killing of a brahmin for three years. / For killing a Vaiśya, he should perform this for a year, or give a hundred and one cows.

For killing a Śūdra, [he should perform this] for six months, or give ten milk cows. / Having killed a woman who is not unchaste, he should perform the vow for killing a Śūdra.

For killing a cat, an iguana, a mongoose, an animal, or a frog, / the sinner should drink milk for three days, or perform an additional kṛcchra.

For an elephant, five dark-blue bulls; for a parrot, a two-year-old calf; / for an ass, a goat, or a ram, a bull should be given; for a curlew, a three-year-old calf.

For cutting down trees, shrubs, climbing plants, or creepers, a hundred Ṛgvedic verses are to be muttered. / A celibate student who approaches a woman becomes an avakīrṇin;

having sacrificed an ass as a victim to Nirṛti, he is purified. / For eating honey or meat, a kṛcchra must be performed, along with the remaining observances.

The teacher should perform three kṛcchras if [a disciple] dies when dispatched [by him]. / Having acted against a teacher, one is purified only by appeasing him.

One should approach enemies with gifts of grain and the like, or with affection and the like. / When a twice-born man dies while assistance is being rendered to him, there is no sin.

One who is falsely accused of a major sin or a minor sin / should live on water for a month, muttering mantras with restrained senses.

Going to his brother's wife without authorization, he should perform the cāndrāyaṇa penance.
Having tasted clarified butter after three nights, he should become pure after approaching a menstruating woman.

Dwelling in a cow-pen, practicing celibate studenthood, subsisting on milk for one month,
and intent on muttering the Gāyatrī, he is freed from [the sin of] improper acceptance of gifts.

Even an officiant for Vrātyas should perform the kṛcchra penance three times while wandering;
and one who disparages the Veda, and one who abandons those who sought refuge, [must eat] barley for a year.

Riding on a donkey-cart or camel-cart,
bathing naked, sleeping naked, and approaching a woman by day, he should perform three breath-controls.

Addressing an elder as 'thou', grunting at him, or defeating a brāhmaṇa in debate,
he should appease him, O sages, and then fast for a day.

Upon raising a stick against a brāhmaṇa, [the penance is] a kṛcchra; upon striking him down, an atikṛcchra.
Carefully considering place, time, age, capacity, and the sin,

an expiation is to be determined where no specific atonement has been declared.
Abandoning an embryo and reviling a husband are causes for the fall of women.

This fault reaches near to the home; therefore, one should cast her far away.
One whose fault is notorious should perform the observance permitted by his teacher.

One whose fault is not widely known should perform a secret observance.
Fasting for three nights and muttering the Aghamarṣaṇa hymn, a slayer of a brāhmaṇa,

while submerged in pure water, and having given a milch cow,
subsisting on air for a day with the verse 'Svāhā to the hairs'—

having muttered it in the water, he should offer forty oblations of clarified butter.
Fasting for three nights, having offered clarified butter with the Kūṣmāṇḍa verses, he becomes pure.

A drinker of liquor and a stealer of gold, standing in water and muttering the Rudra-hymn,
and a violator of his guru's bed, by muttering the hymn of the Thousand-Headed [Puruṣa], is freed.

He should perform a hundred breath-controls for the eradication of all sins.
He becomes pure from sipping Soma-water accompanied by the syllable Om.

Having observed a fast, a twice-born man, upon consuming semen, feces, or urine, [is purified].
The destruction of a sin committed through ignorance occurs when the three twilight rituals are performed.

Indeed, destruction of sins occurs for twice-born men from muttering the eleven Rudras.
One devoted to the study of the Veda, calm, and intent on performing the five great sacrifices,

sins do not touch him, and he is swiftly freed by remembering [the Lord].
Having muttered the Gāyatrī a thousand times, he is pure, except for the slayer of a brāhmaṇa.

Celibate studenthood, compassion, patience, meditation, truth, freedom from malice,
non-violence, non-stealing, sweet speech, and self-restraint—these are recorded as the restraints.

Bathing, silence, fasting, Vedic sacrifice, private Vedic study, control of the generative organ,
austerity, freedom from anger, devotion to the teacher, and purity are recorded as the observances.

The five products of the cow are cow's milk, curds, urine, dung, and clarified butter.
Having consumed these, he should fast on the next day; he should perform the sāntapana kṛcchra.

With each of the sāntapana substances separately for six days along with a day of fasting,
this kṛcchra of seven days is recorded as the mahāsāntapana.

With waters steeped in parṇa, udumbara, lotus, bilva leaves, and kuśa grass,
taken individually on successive days, the parṇakṛcchra is declared.

He should drink hot milk, clarified butter, and water, one on each day,
and fast for one night; this purifying [observance] is the taptakṛcchra.

With one meal [by day], one meal at night, one meal obtained without begging,
and one day of fasting, the pādakṛcchra is declared.

Three times that, in whatever order, is called the prājāpatya.
This very [observance] becomes an atikṛcchra when eating only a handful of water.

The kṛcchrātikṛcchra lasts for twenty-one days with milk;
and with fasts lasting twelve days, the parāka is declared.

Of oil-cake, scum of boiled rice, buttermilk, water, and barley-meal, on each day
[consuming] one, and a fast, this is called the saumya kṛcchra.

From the repetition of these for three nights each in due order,
this fifteen-day observance is known as the tulāpuruṣa.

He should consume morsels according to the lunar day, increasing in the bright fortnight to the size of a peahen's egg,
and decrease by one morsel in the dark fortnight; thus he should perform the cāndrāyaṇa.

Consuming two hundred and forty morsels in whatever manner
in the course of a month, that is another cāndrāyaṇa.

Performing the three daily ablutions, he should observe the morsel-cāndrāyaṇa.
He should mutter purifying verses over the morsels and consecrate them with the Gāyatrī.

For unspecified sins, purification is attained by the cāndrāyaṇa.
He who performs this for the sake of dharma attains the realm of the Moon.

Desiring dharma, one who performs a kṛcchra attains great prosperity.

Thus ends the one hundred and fifth chapter, entitled 'Discrimination of Expiations Spoken by Yājñavalkya', in the Ācārakāṇḍa, belonging to the first part of the first section of the glorious Garuḍa Mahāpurāṇa.