Kaṭha Upaniṣad 4

Ṭīkā 4

Language: Sanskrit

4.1

brahmaṇo durvijñeyatvāt punarapi vidhāntareṇa brahmamātranirdhāraṇāyeyaṃ valla‍ī prārabhyate—puraṃ iti | yasyāvakramakuṭilaṃ yugapaduditānantakoṭyādityaprakāśavacceta samyagjñānamasti so'yamavakracetāstasya avakracetasaḥ | tasya janmādiṣaḍbhāva vikārāspṛṣṭatvena ajasya yasya nānādvārapālādhiṣṭhātryanekakaraṇasaṃhataṃ śīrṣaṇyāni sapta, nābhyā sahāvāñci trīṇi, brahmarandhraṃ ca āhṛtya ekādaśadvāraṃ śarīrayamāṇapuraṃ yadajñānajñānābhyāṃ vikalpitamupasaṃhṛtaṃ ca bhavati | svājñadṛṣṭyā vyaṣṭisamaṣṭyātmakapurasvāminaṃ svajñadṛṣṭyā tadāropāpavādāspadaṃ paramārthadṛṣṭyā vyaṣṭisamaṣṭipuratatkāryakalanāpahvasiddhaṃ brahma niṣpratiyogikasvamātramiti anuṣṭhāya dhyātvā jñātvā vā—tadanuṣṭhānaṃ dhyānaṃ jñānaṃ vā bhavitumarhati—tajjñānasamakālaṃ śocanīyasarvaṣaṇḍhavairalyāt na hi śocati |
jīvanneva sadā muktaḥ kṛtārtho brahmavittamaḥ |
iti, “jñānasamakālameva muktaḥ” iti ca śrutyanurodhena svabhāvataḥ svāvidyākṛtabandhanāt vimukto'pi paradṛṣṭyā svātiriktasarvāpahnavajñānato vimucyate ityupacaryate | vastutaḥ svenāpahnotavyasvāvidyāvikalpitavyaṣṭisamaṣṭipuravairalyāt vidvān svamātramavaśiṣyate | etadvai tat ityuktārtham |
kathaṃ punarātmano vyaṣṭisamaṣṭipurādhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ ? ityata āha---haṃsa iti | svājñadṛṣṭivikalpitavyaṣṭisamaṣṭyātmakaṃ purajātamasaṅgatayādhiṣṭhāya tattatpurādhiṣṭhātṛjīvagatajñātrāditatripuṭīkalanāṃ hantīti haṃsaḥ pratyagabhinnaparamātmā | tasya “ahamevādhastādahamupariṣṭādahaṃ paścādahaṃ purastādahaṃ dakṣiṇato'hamuttarato'hamevedaṃ sarvam” ityādiśrutyanurodhena sarvagatatvena sarvapurādhīśatvaṃ tadapahnavasiddhasvamātratāṃ ca darśayati-śuciṣat ityādinā | so'yaṃ pratyagabhinnaparamātmā adityapatyātmanā śucau divi sīdati gacchati vyāpnotīti śuciṣat | vasuḥ | vāyvātmanāntarikṣe sīdatīti antarikṣasat | "agnirve hotā" iti śrutyā hotrātmanā vedyupalakṣitapṛthivyāṃ sīdatīti vediṣat | "iyaṃ vediḥ paro antaḥ pṛthivyāḥ" iti mantravarṇāt | atithiḥ somo bhūtvā droṇakalaśe sīdatīti | yadvābrāhmaṇo atithiḥ | tadrūpeṇa duroṇasthānīyayajñagṛheṣu sīdatīti duroṇasat | nṛṣu manuṣyeṣu sīdatīti nṛṣat | narāpekṣayā vareṣu deveṣu sīdatīti varasat | ṛtaṃ satyaṃ tatra sadātmanā sīdatīti ṛtasat | vyomni ākāśe sūryātmanā sīdatīti vyomasat | śaṅkhaśuktijhaṣādirūpeṇāpsu jāyanta iti abjāḥ | vrīhyādirūpeṇa gavi pṛthivyāṃ jāyanta iti gojāḥ | ṛtaṃ yajñaṃ tadaṅgarūpeṇa jāyanta iti ṛtajāḥ | nadyādirūpeṇādrau jāyanta iti adrijāḥ | svājñasvajñadṛṣṭibhyāṃ vikalpitavyaṣṭisamaṣṭipurasaṅgāsaṅgatadāropādhārajīveśvararūpeṇa tatsarvāpavādādhikaraṇapratyagabhinnabrahmarūpeṇa ca bhāsamāno'pi paramārthadṛṣṭyā "brahmamātramasanna hi" iti śrutyanurodhena svātiriktāsadapahnavasiddhasanmātratvaṃ siddhamityāha-ṛtaṃ iti | svātiriktānṛtāpahnavasiddhatvāttasya sūkṣmatvena paricchinnaśaṅkāṃ vārayati-bṛhat iti | niṣpratiyogikabhūmarūpamityarthaḥ |

4.3

"yatra nānyat paśyati nānyacchṛṇoti nānyadvijānāti" iti svātiriktavastutaddarśanaśravaṇavedanāpahnavaśruteḥ na cādityadevatāko'yaṃ mantra iti vācyam ; ādityasyāpi brahmatvāt "asāvādityo brahma" iti śruteḥ | asallaukikādyaṣṭadṛṣṭimohe satyasati aviśeṣeṇa niṣpratiyogikabrahmamātramavaśiṣyata ityetāvatā granthenābhihitam | tadadhigamopāyavairalyāmāśaṅkya-yadi te brahmayāthātmyājñānamasti tadā tadadhigamopāya ucyate--ūrdhvaṃ iti | yo'ntaryāmī ¹sarveśvaraḥ hṛtkamalāt ūrdhvaṃ prāṇavṛttiṃ unnayati tathā apānavṛttiṃ pratyak adho asyati pātayati, hṛdayapuṇḍarīkamadhye samāsīnaṃ taṃ svāntaḥkaraṇābhivyaktavijñānasaṅgāsaṅgajīvaprāṇeśvarapratyagrūpeṇa vananīyaṃ saṃbhajanīyaṃ vāmanaṃ viśa iva rājānaṃ sarve viśvedevāḥ cakṣurādayaśca tattatkaraṇajanitavijñānabaliṃ harantaḥ santa upāsate tādarthyenāviralavyāpārā bhavantītyarthaḥ | ²manaādikaraṇagrāmavyāpṛtiryadarthā so'yamātmā sarvavailakṣaṇyena siddho bhavatītyarthaḥ |

4.4

svavikalpitopādhivilaye svayameva pariśiṣyata ityāha--asya iti | asya ātmanaḥ svāttopādhito visraṃsamānasya purā śarīrasthasya dehino dehādvimucyamānasya jīvaprāṇeśapratyagrūpasya svagataviśeṣāṃśāpahnave kimatra pariśiṣyate ? svayamevāvaśiṣyate | etadvai tat ityuktārthaḥ | dehādvimucyamāna ityatra purasvāmi[no] vidravataḥ puravāsina iva yadātmavidravaṇe vāgādikaraṇajālaṃ hṛtabalaṃ bhavatīti yaduktaprāyaṃ tadasādhu | prāṇāpagamādeva karaṇajālaṃ vidhvastaṃ bhavati | na tadatiriktātmāpagamāt |

4.5

prāṇādinā hi martyo jīvatītyāśaṅkayāha—na prāṇena iti | prāṇenāpānena vāgādinā vā kaścana martyo na hi jīvati | na hi prāṇādīnāṃ saṃhatyakāritvājjīvanahetutvam | saṃhatānāmavasthānaṃ gṛhādivat paraprayuktaṃ dṛṣṭam | yasmin prāṇādivilakṣaṇe satyātmani cakṣurādibhiḥ prāṇāpānau sahāśritau yadarthaṃ prāṇādiḥ svavyāpāraṃ kurvan vartate ataḥ prāṇādisaṃghātavilakṣaṇena itareṇa tu ātmanaiva saṃhatyakāriṇaḥ prāṇādayo jīvanti | tasmādātmanaiva sarve jīvantītyatra—“yena jātāni jīvanti ” iti śruteḥ |
ātmajñānānmuktiḥ tadajñānādvandhaśca

4.6

svājñānato maraṇānantaraṃ anye svājñā dehinaḥ punaḥ śarīratvāya śarīragrahaṇārthaṃ śuklaraktabījasamanvitāḥ santo nānāyoniṃ praviśanti | tathā kecanānye svājñatamā maraṇānantaraṃ sthāṇuṃ vṛkṣādibhāvaṃ anusaṃyanti | yat yasya karma yathākarma yādṛśaṃ karmaihajanmani kṛtaṃ yathāśrutaṃ yādṛśamupārjitaṃ jñānaṃ tadanurūpameva śarīraparaṃparāṃ prapadyante pratipadyanta ityarthaḥ | “yathāprajñaṃ hi saṃbhavāḥ ” iti śruteḥ |

4.7

sarvajīvananimittabrahmayāthātmyaṃ punaḥ sopāyamabhidhāsyāmītyāha—hanta ta iti | svājñadṛṣṭiguhyaṃ sanātanaṃ brahma “anyacchreyaḥ ” ityādinā samyagvivecitamapi punarapīdānīṃ tadiyattāmahaṃ te tubhyaṃ pravakṣyāmi | he gautama ! yadajñānajñānābhyāṃ bhavamokṣau bhavataḥ yatparamārthajñānato maraṇaṃ prāpya yathā ātmā saṃsārī punarasaṃsārī ca bhavati tathā vakṣyamāṇaṃ me vacaḥ śṛṇvityarthaḥ |

4.8

yat pratijñātaṃ guhyaṃ vakṣyāmīti tadāha—ya iti | ya eṣa jīvabhāvametya svabhāvataḥ karaṇeṣu supteṣu svābhipretastryannapānādiviṣayakanānāvidhakāmaṃ kāmaṃ kāmanāparaṃparāṃ svāvidyayā nirmimāṇo niṣpādayan ya eṣa puruṣo jāgarti na hi kadācit karaṇavat svapiti, so'yaṃ puruṣo jīvabhāvamāpannaśrutyācāryaprasādāttajjīvitāpāthe yatsarvāpahnavasiddhaniṣpratiyogikabrahmamātratayā virājate tadeva brahmamātraṃ śukraṃ niratiśayajyotiḥsvarūpatvāt | svamātratayopabṛṃhaṇāt taddhi brahma | na hyanadhikāriṣu gopanīyaṃ tadatiriktaṃ guhyamasti | sarvaśāstreṣu tadeva niṣpratiyogikāmṛtaṃ vikaḷebarakaivalyaṃ ucyate | punaḥ svājñādidṛṣṭyā yat sarvakāraṇabhāvamāttavadbhāti tasminneva sarve lokāḥ samāśritāḥ | na hi tadu tat brahma kaścidapi atyeti | na hi vātādayo'pi tacchāsanamatikramituṃ pārayanti “bhīṣāsmādvātaḥ pavate” iti śruteḥ | yat svājñādidṛṣṭerjagatkāraṇatvenābhimataṃ svājñādidṛṣṭyapahnavapūrvakaṃ paramārthadṛṣṭirjātā cettadeva niṣpratiyogikabrahmamātraṃ bhavati | etadvai tat iti pūrvavat |

4.9

kiñca - vāyuḥ iti | bhuvanaṃ praviṣṭa ityatra prāṇātmanā sarvadeheṣvanupraviṣṭaḥ san rūpaṃ rūpaṃ pratirūpo babhūva ityādyuktārthametat |

4.10

yadi sarvasyaika evātmā tadā sarvabhūtalepataḥ saṃsāritvaṃ syādityata āha - sūrya iti | yathā eka eva sūryaḥ sarvalokasya cakṣuḥ sarvalokacakṣuḥ anugrāhako'pi cākṣuṣaiḥ aśuddhyādidarśananimittairaśuddhyādisaṃsargadoṣairādhyātmikādibāhyaiśca doṣairna hi kadāpi lipyate | eka eva tathā sarvabhūtāntarātmā lokaduḥkhena na lipyate | lokabāhyo hyayamātmā | svājñalokastu svādhyastāvidyākāmakarmanimittaduḥkhaparaṃparāmanubhavati | na svataḥ svasya, svājñānāpāye svamātratvāt | yathā ūṣararajjuśuktigaganeṣu jalasarparaupyanailyasaṃsargabhramata ūṣararajjuśuktigaganāni doṣavantīva vibhāvyante, na hi viparītabuddhyadhyāropitadoṣaisteṣāṃ kācana kṣatirasti, tathaiva ātmani saṃsāritvamadhyasya loko baṃbhramīti | na tvātmayāthātmyajñaḥ | tasya sarvalokāntarbāhyakalanāpahlavasiddhabrahmamātradṛktvat |

4.11

evaṃ vispaṣṭamuktamapi kutārkikapāṣaṇḍopahatadhiyāṃ brahmamātrasiddhānte mano nāvataratīti paramadayāvatī śrutirbrahmamātrāvataraṇāya brahmaṇaḥ sarvātmyaṃ sarvāsaṅgaprakāśakatvamāha - agniḥ iti | yathā agbhireka eva bhavati | asmin bhūtānīti bhuvanaṃ praviṣṭaḥ san svadāhyadārvādibhedamāśritya tatra tatra rūpaṃ rūpaṃ pratirūpaḥ dāhyabhedamanusṛtya bahurūpo babhūva, tathā sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāmapi antarātmā eka eva san dārvādiṣvagnivat brahmādistambāntadehajātaṃ pratipadya pratirūpo babhūva | vastutastadvahieśca svena rūpeṇa sarvabhūtavilakṣaṇa ityarthaḥ |
itaśca brahmamātrāptyupāyamāha - eka iti | svājñādidṛṣṭimohe satyapyātmā eka eva niṣpratiyogikamavaśiṣyate | sa hi svājñadṛṣṭyā sarvajñaḥ parameśvaro bhavati | sarvasvatantraḥ so'pyeka eva | na tatsamo'dhiko vānyò'sti | yadvaśe svāropitāvidyāpadaṃ vartate sa vaśī | tatra hetuḥ sarvabhūtāntarātmeti, sarvalokahitāhitapravṛttinimittāntaryāmirūpatvāt | so'yamīśvaraḥ svātmānamakhaṇḍaikarasarūpamapi tūlāntaḥkaraṇāvidyāparikalpitanānāvidhanāmarūpopādhibhedānuvṛttyā bahudhā bahuprakāraṃ yaḥ karoti, sarvasvatantreśvarasyācintyaśaktitvāt | ye dhīrāḥ tamātmasthaṃ sarvabhūtahṛdayākāśābhivyaktaṃ vastuto nirāvṛtaparamārthadṛṣṭyā svātiriktasarvāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahma svamātramiti anupaśyanti śrutyācāryaprasādato vinivṛttabāhyāntardṛṣṭīnāṃ teṣāmeva śāśvataṃ niratiśayasukhaṃ bhavati | netareṣām | sadādyāvṛttadṛṣṭīnāṃ svātmabhūtamapi sukhaṃ pratibhāti | na ca ‘‘tamātmasthaṃ’’ ityatra kuṇḍabadaravadādhāratvaṃ vācyaṃ, tasyākāśavadamūrtatvāt | na hyādheyatvamādhāratvaṃ vāsti | ādheyasya śaśaviṣāṇavadalavdhātmakatvena nādhāratvasiddhiḥ | niradhiṣṭhānaṃ brahmamātramavaśiṣyata ityarthaḥ |
13 ||

4.14

yadevaṃ bhātaṃ tat kena bhāsyamānaṃ sat bhāti ? ityāśaṅkya tasya svāṅgavikalpitasūryādyavabhāsakatvena bhārūpamātratāṃ vyanakti—na tatra iti | na hi tatra bhāmātre brahmaṇi lokadṛṣṭyā sarvāvabhāsakaḥ sūryo'pi bhāti |

4.15

svetareṣāmanevaṃvidhānāṃ brahmamātrasukhasyānirdeśyatve'pyadhikāryanadhikāridṛṣṭeḥ nirdeśyānirdeśyavattatsukhaṃ bhātītyāha—tat iti | vyāviddhaiṣaṇātrayāḥ kecana yatayo yadanātmāpahnavasiddhātmamātrasukhamavāṅmānasagocaratvena anirdeśyamapi tadetat paramaṃ sukhaṃ ¹pratyakṣaṃ iti manyante | na hi manyanta iti saṃśayoktiḥ, sarvāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahma ²niṣpratiyogikasvamātramiti nirdeśasya nissaṃśayārthatvāt | tādṛśaṃ brahma brahmavidvarīyāṃsa iva kathaṃ nu kena prakāreṇa tat brahmasukhamahaṃ vijānīyām ? samādhinirdhūtamalasya cetaso niveśitasyātmani yat sukhaṃ labhet | na śakyate varṇayituṃ girā tadā svayaṃ tadantaḥkaraṇena gṛhyate || iti śrutisiddhabrahmavidvarīyasādhigatasukhamidamitthamiti kathaṃ buddhiviṣayamāpādayeyam ? ityarthaḥ | tadbhedanahetusamyagjñānavairalyāt | yadi ta iva mama "brahmamātramasanna hi” iti śrutisiddhasarvāsidapahnavasiddhasanmātrasamyagjñāne jāte'pi kimu tatsukhaṃ bhāti na vā ? ityāśaṅkāyāṃ tādṛśasamyagjñānaṃ jātaṃ cet sarvāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahma bhāti svamātramiti vibhāti cetyarthaḥ, "suvibhātaṃ sakṛdvibhātaṃ” iti śruteḥ |
tanna prakāśayatītyarthaḥ | tathā na hi candratārakāṇi | nemā ¹vidyuto bhānti | kuto'yaṃ asmadgocaraḥ agniḥ bhāti ? ityatra-
iti śruteḥ | yanniṣpratiyogika²bhāmātramavaśiṣyate tannairapekṣyeṇa sūryādiḥ svato bhātītyata āha-tameva bhāntaṃ iti | yathā agnisaṃyogājjalādirdahantamagnimanusṛtya dahati tathā nimittamantareṇa bhāntaṃ tameva paramātmānaṃ anu anusṛtya sūryādiḥ bhāti avabhāti, na svataḥ | tasyaiva bhāsā sūryādighaṭāntaṃ jagat idaṃ sarvaṃ vibhāti ityatra-
iti smṛtiḥ | svakāryasūryādivaṭāntagatasvabhāyāḥ svānatiriktatvena svato'vagamyate brahmaṇo bhārūpamātratvam | tat kathaṃ yasya kasyacit bhāsyaṃ bhavati ? svabhāsyabhāsakatvānupapatteḥ | tadviparyaye ghaṭādirapi bhāsakatāṃ bhajet | na hyetadasti | tasmādbhārūpamātraṃ brahmeti siddham |

Linked texts (1)

Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit