Kaṭha Upaniṣad 2
Commentary of Upaniṣadbrahmayogin 2
- Language
- Sanskrit
2.1
parāparabrahmayāthātmyaṃ jānāmīti mṛtyurāha-ya iti | ījānānāṃ karmiṇāṃ yaḥ seturiva setuḥ "eṣa seturvidharaṇa eṣāṃ lokānāmasaṃbhedāya" iti śruteḥ | karmiṇāṃ duḥkhasantāraṇahetutvāt | yo'yaṃ nāciketo'gnistaṃ nāciketaṃ vayaṃ jñātuṃ cetuṃ ca śakemahi śaktimantaḥ | titīrṣatāṃ saṃsāravārdhiṃ tartumicchatām | yat pāramabhayaṃ paramakṣaraṃ tacca jñātuṃ śakemahi | yata evaṃ ataḥ karmabrahmavidāśraye aparaparabrahmaṇītyarthaḥ | “ṛtaṃ pibantau” ityādinā aparaṃ paraṃ ca brahmopanyastam | tatra tūlāntaḥkaraṇopādhikaḥ saṃsārī vidyāvidyādhikṛtaḥ saṃsāramokṣagamanāya śakto bhavati |
2.2
"ka itthā veda yatra saḥ" iti pāramārthikajñānīva ko vā ābhāsajñānī vedeti dvitīyavallyante abhihitam | tatra jñātrāśrayajñānājñāne tatphalaṃ ca mandabuddhyārohāya teṣāṃ sukhapratipattyarthaṃ ratharūpakalpanayā prāptṛprāpyagantṛgantavyavivekārthaṃ dvāvātmānāvupanyasyete-ṛtaṃ iti | svāṅgadṛṣṭivikalpitakarmaphalasya svadṛṣṭyā ṛtatvāttadeva ṛtaṃ dvāvātmānau pibantau | tatraika eva karmaphalarasāyanaṃ pibati netaraḥ | tathāpi chatrinyāyena pātrajīvasāmānādhikaraṇyāt pibantāvucyete | "tayoranyaḥ pippalaṃ svādvattyanaśnannanyo abhicākaśīti" iti śruteḥ | sukṛtasya svakṛtakarmaṇaḥ phalaheturyatrāsmin śarīre lokyate sa lokaḥ tasmin loke | bāhyākāśāpekṣayā hārdākāśasya parabordermatvam | tasmin parame | yatra brahma upalabhyate tat parārdhaṃ tasmin parārdhe | hārdākāśe kalpitatūlāntaḥkaraṇādyamānaguhāṃ praviṣṭau saṃsāritvāsaṃsāritvena chāyātapau iva parasparavilakṣaṇāviti brahmavido vadanti | na kevalamakarṇinaḥ | kiṃ tu gārhapatyāhavanīyadakṣiṇāgnisabhyāvasathyabhedena pañca agnayo yeṣāṃ te pañcāgnayo gṛhasthāḥ ye ca triṇāciketā api vadantītyarthaḥ |
2.4
tasyaiva tadubhayasādhanatvena rathādiḥ kalpyate—ātmānaṃ iti | ṛtapaṃ jīvātmānaṃ rathinaṃ viddhi | śarīrasya rathahayasthānīyendriyākṛṣyamāṇatvāt śarīrameva ratham | adhyavasāyalakṣaṇāṃ buddhiṃ tu sārathiṃ viddhi | sārathinetṛpradhānarathavaccharīrasya buddhinetṛpradhānatvāt | yadyat kāryaṃ tattad buddhikartavyamevetyabhiprāyaḥ | saṅkalpādilakṣaṇaṃ mana eva pragrahaṃ raśanāṃ viddhi | raśanayevāśvāstathā manasā pragṛhītāni indriyāṇi svasvaviṣayebhyo nivartante | rathakalpanākuśalāścakṣurādīndriyāṇi hayānāḍuḥ | hayāniti vaktavye hayāni iti liṅgavyatyayaśchāndasaḥ | indriyāśvānāṃ śarīrarathākarṣaṇakuśalatvāt | rūpādīn tadgocaraviṣayān viddhi | ātmendriyamanoyuktaṃ śarīrindriyamanobhiḥ saṃyuktaṃ jīvātmānaṃ manīṣiṇaḥ saṃsārī kartā bhoktā iti evaṃ āhuḥ | na hi kevalasyātmanaḥ kartṛtvādirasti | tadgatakartṛtvāderbuddhyādyupādhikṛtatvāt | “dhyāyatīva lelayatīva,” “abhoktā phalabhojyapi” iti ca śruteḥ || 3—4 ||
2.5
anipuṇasārathyādisvarūpamuktvā nipuṇasārathyādisvarūpamāha--yastu iti | yastu vijñānavān pragṛhītamanā bhavati samāhitamanastvāt tasya aśvasthānīyendriyāṇi itarasāratheḥ sadaśvā iva pravartayituṃ nivartayituṃ ca śakyāni bhavanti |
2.6
evaṃ rathakalpanāyā vakṣyamāṇaviṣṇupadaprāpakopāyatvānna hyupāyaṃ vinopeyāptiriṣyata iti tadvivicyate--yastu ityādinā | yastu avijñānavān avivekī buddhyākhyasārathirindriyapravṛttinivṛttikarmasvanipuṇo bhavati tathaivānipuṇasārathī rathacaryāyāṃ ayuktena pragrahasthānīyāsamāhitamanasā saha yukto bhavati tasya akuśalabuddhisāratherathasthānīyendriyāṇyavaśyāni rathasāratherduṣṭāśvā iva nigrahītumaśakyāni bhavanti |
2.7
pūrvoktaviparītasatsāratheḥ paramaphalaṃ darśayati--yastu iti | yastu vijñānavān rathī vidvān yuktena manasā sadā śucirbhavati viśuddhāntaratvāt sa tu vidvān yasmāt svāttapadāt bhūyaḥ pracyutaḥ san na jāyate tat paramākṣarapadameva āpnoti |
2.8
kiṃ tat padaṃ ? ityataḥ āha--vijñānasārathiḥ iti | yastu vijñānasārathiḥ vivekabuddhisārathiḥ manaḥpragrahavān nigṛhītacittaḥ śuciḥ naraḥ vidvān so'yaṃ saṃsārādhvanaḥ pāraṃ viśrāntisīmāṃ āpnoti | tat kiṃ ? ityata āha--tat iti | tat niṣpratiyogikavyāpanaśīlasya viṣṇoḥ svarūpasya sarvāpahnavasiddhasvamātrasiddheḥ paragatvena svāvaśeṣadhiyā padyata iti paramaṃ padaṃ tadevetyarthaḥ |
2.9
pūrvaviparītasārathyādiphalamāha—yastu iti | yastvavijñānavān akuśalasārathirbhavati apragṛhītamānasatvāt amanaskaḥ tataḥ sadā aśuciḥ aśuddhacittaḥ sa sārathinā na hi tat paramākṣarapadamāpnoti | kiṃ tu janimṛtilakṣaṇasaṃsāraṃ cādhigacchati |
2.10
avyaktasya sarvajagadbījabhūtatvena sarvakāraṇaśaktitvena vidyamānaṃ avyaktaṃ mahato'pi paraṃ sūkṣmaṃ pratyagbhūtaṃ ca bhavati | yathā vaṭakaṇikāyāmiva vṛkṣabījaṃ tathā pratīci otaprotabhāvena sarvānarthabījabhāvenāvasthitāt avyaktādapi tadāropāpavādādhikaraṇapratyagabhinnaparamātmā svavikalpitendriyādyavyaktāntaprapañcapūraṇāt puruṣa eva "sarvasmādanyo vilakṣaṇaḥ" iti, "sūkṣmāt sūkṣmataram", "mahato mahattaram" iti ca śrutyanurodhena sarvasmāt para ityucyate | svātiriktasāpekṣaparatvagataheyāṃśāpahnavasiddhaniṣpratiyogikapūrṇabhāvāpannapuruṣādapi pūrvoktendriyādiparatvavat paro'nyaḥ syāditi śaṅkāṃ śātayati-puruṣātna paraṃ iti | yasmāt puruṣāt niṣpratiyogikasanmātrāt na hi kiñcidapi vastvantaramasti puruṣāvagateḥ svātiriktasarvāsadapahnavapūrvakatvāt | "yasmāt paraṃ nāparamasti kiñcit", "sanmātramasadanyat" ityādiśruteḥ | svātiriktahetorapahnotanyendriyādyavyaktāntagataparatvasūkṣmatvamahattvapratyaktavānāṃ yā niṣpratiyogikasvamātratayāvasthitiḥ sā kāṣṭhā paryavasānabhūmitvāt | asatkarmyādisadvaityantagantṝṇāṃ sā eva parā prakṛṣṭā gatiḥ | vastuto'vastuto vāpi tadatiriktajīveśasākṣyabhāvāt sālokyādimuktibhājāṃ nirvāsinatvena catuṣpadaikyasamaye nirviśeṣabrahmabhāvāpatteḥ | "brahmalokaṃ hi saṃpadya na ca punarāvartate" iti,
2.11
yat vidvadbhireva gantavyaṃ tasya sarvāpahnavasiddhatvena tadāptyupāyavairaḷyamāśaṅkya vastutastathātve'pyanādikālasiddhasvājñasvajñadṛṣṭimāśritya svātiriktandriyādyupalakṣitāvidyāpadatatkāryajātasya satyavyāvahārikaprātibhāsikatvādirūpeṇa vidyamānatvāttadālambya sthūlendriyādyārabhyāvyaktāntagatapratyagadhigamapūrvakaṃ parākāṣṭhāyamānabrahmamātrasvarūpamavagantuṃ śakyamitīdamārabhyate -- indriyebhya ityādinā | śṛṇomi paśyāmītyādipratyakprakāśadvārabhūtānīndriyāṇi tāvat sthūlāni tebhyaḥ svakāryebhya indriyebhyaḥ te hi parā arthāḥ śabdādisūkṣmatanmātrāḥ sthūlendriyāpekṣayā sūkṣmā mahāntaśca pratyagātmabhūtāśca | tebhyaḥ arthebhyaḥ sūkṣmaṃ mahat pratyagātmabhūtaṃ ca manaḥ saṃkalpādyārambhakam | tasmāt manaso'pi parā sūkṣmā mahattarā pratyagātmabhūtā hi buddhiḥ | adhyavasāyārambhakabhūtasūkṣmabuddherapi bodhābodhātmakāvyaktaprathamajatvena sarvaprāṇibuddhipratyagbhūtatvāt svakāryasarvamahatvācca ātmā mahān buddherapi paraḥ sūkṣmaḥ pratyagātmabhūtaścetyucyate |
iti ca śruteḥ smṛteśca | "yat gatvā na nivartante" iti yat tadanupapannaṃ gaterāgatipūrvakatvāt ityāśaṅkya sarvasya kevalabrahmamātratvādavagatireva gatirityupacaryate| indriyādyavyaktāntagateḥ pratyagbhāvaparisamāptatvāt pratīcaḥ parāgbhinnatvāt pratyagabhinnabrahmaṇaḥ parāgbhāvasāpekṣapratyagaikyagatasaviśeṣakalanāpahnave brahmamātraṃ siddhamityarthaḥ |
2.12
yadi sarvāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahma niṣpratiyogikasvamātratayāvaśiṣyate tarhi sarveṣāmapi sākṣātkartuṃ śakyaṃ bhavedityāśaṅkya sadādyāvṛttitrayāpahnavasiddhasaccidānandamātradṛṣṭīnāṃ svamātratayā sākṣātkṛtamapi sadādyāvṛttitrayāvṛtānāmantargūḍhatvena kiñcidvibhinnāvṛtīnāṃ pratyārūḍhapratyagiva bhātītyāha - eṣa iti | paramārthadṛṣṭyā sarvāpahnavasiddhaniṣpratiyogikapūrṇabhāvena yaḥ puruṣo'vaśiṣyate svājñadṛṣṭyā eṣa puruṣaḥ sarvabhūteṣu brahmādistambaparyanteṣu tūlāvidyāpaṭacchanna iva gūḍhaḥ ata eva ātmā kasyacidapi na prakāśate | teṣāṃ tūlāvidyāvṛtadṛṣṭitvāt | paramārthadṛṣṭyā yadayaṃ sarvo jantuḥ sattāmātrasvarūpo'pi tūlāvidyāvṛtadṛṣṭitvena śrutyācāryaiḥ "na tvaṃ saṃsārī kiṃ tu pratyaktadabhinnaṃ brahma tadgataheyāṃśaviraḷabrahmamātraṃ bhavasi” iti bodhito'pi tadupadeśaṃ na bahumanyate | "dehendriyādirasi" iti parairbodhito'pi śarīratrayamātmeti gṛhṇāti | aho māyaitādṛśī ! tayā momuhyamāno'yaṃ lokaḥ svātmānamaviditvā sutarāṃ baṃbhramīti | daivī hyeṣā guṇamayī mama māyā duratyayā | māmeva ye prapadyante māyāmetāṃ taranti te | nāhaṃ prakāśaḥ sarvasya yogamāyāsamāvṛtaḥ || ityādismṛteḥ | "māmeva ye prapadyante", "nāhaṃ prakāśaḥ sarvasya", iti viruddhoktiriti cenna; āvṛttitrayāvṛtadṛṣṭerevaṃ na prakāśata ityuktam | kiñcidviśīrṇāvṛtadṛṣṭerdṛśyate hi | agramevāgryaṃ tayā agryayā ekāgratayā saṃskṛtayā buddhyā sūkṣmavastugocaradhiyā indriyādyavyaktāntagataparatvasūkṣmatvamahattvādisūkṣmadarśibhiḥ paṇḍitaiḥ svāntarbahyavijṛmbhitakāmasaṅkalpādināmarūpādiprapañcabhāvābhāvaprakāśakatvena tadāropāpavādādhikaraṇatvena niradhikaraṇabrahmamātratvena ca svāvaśeṣatayā dṛśyate tu dṛśyata evetyarthaḥ |
2.13
svāvidyāvṛtadṛṣṭīnāṃ tadāvṛtibhedanopāyatastadadhigamaḥ syādityata āha— yacchet iti | prājño vivekī vāgindriyopalakṣitendriyajātaṃ manasi niyacchet upasaṃharet manomātraparyavasānaṃ kuryādityarthaḥ | vāk vācam | vibhaktivyatyayaśchāndasaḥ | manasī iti dairghyaṃ chāndasam | tat saṅkalpavikalpātmakaṃ manaḥ jñāne ātmani buddhau niyacchet | buddhirhi manaādikaraṇagrāmamāpnotītyātmā | pratyagbhāvenetyarthaḥ | tajjñānāyamānabuddhiṃ ātmani mahati mahadupādhikahiraṇyagarbhātmani niyacchet | “hiraṇyagarbhaḥ samavartatāgre” iti śrutitaḥ prathamajaṃ mahāntamātmānaṃ viśvavirāḍotrādibhiḥ saha svātiriktakaraṇagrāmatadāropāpavādādhikaraṇagataheyāṃśaśāntaḥ ātmani kāṣṭhāpadaṃgatapuruṣe tanmātrāvaśeṣatayā niyacchet |
2.14
yataḥ svātiriktasarvāpahnavakṛt svamātratayā kṛtakṛtyo bhavati tato mātṛvaddhitaiṣiṇī śrutiranādyavidyāsvāpamohitapāmaralokaṃ svātmābhimukhamudbodhayati—uttiṣṭhata iti || he prākṛtajantavaḥ ! yūyaṃ svātmonmukhatayā svāvidyādvayatatkāryasvāpāt uttiṣṭhata| svātmādhigamopāyacintāyāṃ jāgrata | brahmamātraniṣṭhān varān ācāryān prāpya tadupadeśalabdhaṃ svātiriktasarvāpahnavasiddhaṃ brahma niṣpratiyogikasvamātramiti nibodhata | kālāntare evaṃ bhavedityupekṣā na kāryā |
bahūnāṃ janmanāmante jñānavānmāṃ prapadyate |
iti smṛteḥ | jñeyavastunaścaramajanmagamyatvena susūkṣmatvāttadyāthātmyajñānamārgasyāpi susūkṣmatamatvaṃ sphoṭayati-kṣurasya iti | yathā tīkṣṇīkṛtakṣurasya dhārā duratyayā sā padbhyāṃ durgaṃ durgamanīyā tathā sarvāpahnavasiddhabrahmamātrajñānapathaḥ panthānaṃ mārgamiti kavayo vadanti | jñeyavastunaḥ sūkṣmatvena tadviṣayakajñānamārgasyāpi duratyayatāṃ vadantītyāśayaḥ |
kathaṃ punarjñeyasya sūkṣmatvaṃ ? ityata āha--aśabdaṃ iti | śabdasparśarūparasagandhāḍhyasarvendriyaviṣayatvena gandhavatī pṛthivī sthūlā| abādyākāśāntabhūteṣu gataikaikaguṇāpakarṣataḥ sūkṣmatvamahattvaviśuddhatvanityatvāditāratamyaṃ dṛṣṭam | na hi yatra gandhādipañcaguṇāḥ prasaranti tasyātmano niratiśayasūkṣmatvena nirguṇatvāt | vastutaḥ śabdasparśarūparasagandhāpahnavasiddhaṃ yat tat aśabdamasparśamarūpamarasamagandhavat ityetadvyākhyātam | yat śabdādiviraḷaṃ tat vyetītyata āha-avyayaṃ iti | yat śabdādimat tadvyeti yat tadapahnavasiddhaṃ tadavyayamityarthaḥ | "avyayamanādyanantam " iti śruteḥ | yanna vyeti tannityam | kimadhunā nityaṃ ? tatrāha--anādi iti | yasya svotpattāvādiḥ kāraṇaṃ na vidyate tadanādi | anāditve prāgabhāvavadantavatvaṃ syādityata āha-anantaṃ iti || sapratiyogikaprāgabhāvasyāntavatve'pi niṣpratiyogikānāderanantatvaṃ niraṅkuśamityarthaḥ | kathaṃ punarasyāntatvaṃ ? anantakaḷanāviśiṣṭamahattattvasya vidyamānatvādityata āha-mahataḥ paraṃ iti | svātiriktatvenāpahnotavyamahattattvāt paraṃ tadavagatermahattattvatatkāryāpahnavapūrvakatvānniṣpratiyogikānantatvaṃ siddhamityarthaḥ | "satyaṃ jñānamanantaṃ brahma" iti śruteḥ | sāpekṣamahataḥ paratvenādhruvatā syādityata āha—dhruvaṃ iti | mahattattvādeḥ svātiriktatvena svajñadṛṣṭyā dhruvatve'pi paramārthadṛṣṭyā mahadādeḥ śaśaviṣāṇavadavastutvāttatsāpekṣādhruvatāyā api tathātvānnirapekṣaniṣpratiyogikadhruvam | tamātmānaṃ brahmasvamātramiti nicāyya samyagjñātvā tajjñānasamakālaṃ svātiriktāvidyāpadatatkāryajātamātmasatyavyavahārapratibhāsaśūnyatvenāpyasti nāstīti vibhramo hi mṛtyuḥ | tasya pramādarūpatvena svamātrabodhagrāsatvānmṛtyutvaṃ siddhamityarthaḥ | "pramādaṃ vai mṛtyumahaṃ bravīmi" iti, pramādo brahmaniṣṭhāyāṃ na kartavyaḥ kadācana | pramādo mṛtyurityāha bhagavān brahmaṇaḥ sutaḥ || iti smṛteḥ svarūpadarśanokteśca | tathāvidhasvātiriktabhramāyamānamṛtyugocarāt pramucyate niṣpratiyogikasvamātramavaśiṣyata ityarthaḥ |
phalaśrutiḥ
2.16
naciketomṛtyupraśnaprativacanāvirbhūtagranthapaṭhanapāṭhanajñānaphalaṃ śrutirāha—nāciketaṃ iti | mṛtyumukhānnaciketasā prāptaṃ nāciketaṃ naciketase mṛtyunā proktaṃ idaṃ upākhyānaṃ vallītrayalakṣaṇaṃ sanātanavastugocaratvāt sanātanam | medhāvī brahmavidvarīyān taducitādhikāribhyo yathāvat uktvā svayaṃ vācāryebhyaḥ śrutvā | caśabdādyathāvajjñātvā tajjñānasamakālaṃ yadbrahma svamātratayā lokyate jñāyata iti so'yaṃ brahmalokastasmin brahmaloke svāvaśeṣatayā mahīyate | brahmaiva bhavati ityatra—" brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati" iti śruteḥ |
sadasi śrāddhakāle vā vallītrayākhyopaniṣatpaṭhanaphalamāha - ya iti | yo hi vidvān vallītrayātmakaṃ imaṃ granthaṃ prakṛṣṭatvāt paramaṃ gopyatvāt guhyaṃ prayataḥ śucirbhūtvā brāhmaṇānāṃ saṃsadi granthato'rthato vā śrāvayet | bhuñjānabrāhmaṇālaṅkṛtaśrāddhakāle vā śrāvayet | vallītrayārthaśrotāro brāhmaṇāḥ śrāddhabhujaśca tat śrāddhaṃ caitat sarvaṃ ānantyāya kalpate | dvirvacanaṃ vallītrayasūcitādhyāyaparisamāptyartham |
Linked texts (1)
- Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit