Gobhilagrihyasutra 3.2
Gobhilagṛhyasūtra 3.2
- Language
- Sanskrit
3.2.1
dvādaśa mahānāmnikāḥ saṃvatsarāḥ,
For the Mahânâmnî verses (the Vrata is to be kept) twelve years,
3.2.2
nava ṣaṭ trayaḥ
(Or) nine, six, three (years).
3.2.3
iti vikalpaḥ
These are the various possibilities.
3.2.4
saṃvatsaram apy eke.
Or also one year, according to some (teachers).
3.2.5
vrataṃ tu bhūyaḥ,
(In this case), however, the observances are enhanced.
3.2.6
pūrvaiś cec chrutā mahānāmnyaḥ;
(Keeping the Vrata through one year is allowed only) if (the student's) ancestors have learnt the Mahânâmnî verses.
3.2.7
athā 'pi raurukibrāhmaṇaṃ bhavati:
There is also a Brâhmana of the Rauruki (Sâkhâ, in which it is said):
3.2.8
kumārān ha sma vai mātaraḥ pāyayamānā āhuḥ
'The mothers forsooth say to their sons, when they suckle them:
3.2.9
śakvarīṇāṃ, putrakā, vrataṃ pārayiṣṇavo bhavate 'ti.
'"Become men, my little sons, who endeavour to accomplish the Sakvarî-vrata!"'
3.2.10
- tāsv anusavanam udakopasparśanam;
During (the Vrata preparatory to the study of) these (i.e. the Mahânâmnî verses), touching water at the time of each Savana (is prescribed).
3.2.11
nā 'nupaspṛśya bhojanaṃ prātaḥ,
Let him not eat in the morning before he has touched water.
3.2.12
sāyam upaspṛśyā 'bhojanam ā samidādhānāt;
In the evening, after he has touched water, he should not eat, before he has put the piece of wood on the fire.
3.2.13
kṛṣṇavastraḥ,
He should wear dark clothes.
3.2.14
kṛṣṇabhakṣaḥ,
He should eat dark food.
3.2.15
ācāryādhīnaḥ,
Let him be devoted to his teacher.
3.2.16
apanthadāyī,
Let him make way for nobody.
3.2.17
tapasvī,
He should be addicted to austerities.
3.2.18
tiṣṭhed divā,
He should stand in day-time.
3.2.19
āsīta naktam;
He should sit at night.
3.2.20
varṣati ca, no 'pasarpec channam;
And when it is raining, he should not retire to a covered place.
3.2.21
varṣantaṃ brūyād āpaḥ śakvarya iti;
He should say to (the god) when he sends rain, 'The Sakvarîs are water.'
3.2.22
vidyotamānaṃ brūyād evaṃrūpāḥ khalu śakvaryo bhavantī 'ti;
When (the god) sends lightning, he should say to him, 'Such forsooth is the nature of the Sakvarîs.'
3.2.23
stanayantaṃ brūyān mahyā mahān ghoṣa iti.
When (the god) thunders, he should say to him, 'The great voice of the great (cow)!'
3.2.24
na sravantīm atikrāmed anupaspṛśan;
Let him not cross a river without touching water.
3.2.25
na nāvam ārohet,
Let him not ascend a ship.
3.2.26
prāṇasaṃśaye tū 'paspṛśyā ''rohet:
If his life is in danger, however, he may ascend (a ship), after having touched water.
3.2.27
tathā pratyavaruhya.
In the same way (he should touch water) having disembarked.
3.2.28
udakasādhavo hi mahānāmnya iti.-
For in water the virtue of the Mahânâmnîs is contained.
3.2.29
evaṃ khalu carataḥ kāmavarṣī parjanyo bhavati.
If he practises these duties, (the god) Parganya will send rain according to his wish.
3.2.30
aniyamo vā kṛṣṇa-sthānā-''sana-pantha-bhakṣeṣu.-
The rules about dark (clothes), standing, sitting, (making) way, and (dark) food may be considered as optional.
3.2.31
tṛtīye carite stotrīyām anugāpayet;
After he has kept his vow through one third (of the prescribed time, the teacher) should sing to him the (first) Stotriya verse (of the Mahânâmnîs).
3.2.32
evam itare stotrīye,
In the same way the two other Stotriya verses (after two-thirds of the time and at the end of the whole time).
3.2.33
sarvā vā 'nte sarvasya.
Or all (the three verses) at the end of the whole (time).
3.2.34
upoṣitāya saṃmīlitāyā 'nugāpayet -
He should sing them to (the student) who has fasted and shuts his eyes.
3.2.35
kam̐sam apāṃ pūrayitvā, sarvauṣadhīḥ kṛtvā, hastāv avadhāya pradakṣiṇam ācāryo 'hatena vasanena pariṇahyet.-
Having filled a brass vessel with water, having thrown into it all sorts of herbs, and dipped (the student's) hands into it, the teacher should veil (the student's eyes) from left to right with a (new) garment that has not yet been washed.
3.2.36
pariṇahanānte vā 'nugāpayet.
Or he should sing (the Mahânâmnîs to him) immediately after he has veiled (his eyes).
3.2.37
pariṇaddho vāgyato na bhuñjīta trirātram ahorātrau vā,
With veiled eyes, keeping silence, he should abstain from food through a period of three nights, or through one day and one night.
3.2.38
api vā 'raṇye tiṣṭhed ā 'stamayāt.
Or he should stand in the forest till sunset (and spend the night in the village).
3.2.39
śvo bhūte 'raṇye 'gnim upasamādhāya, vyāhṛtibhir hutvā, 'thai 'nam avekṣayet:
On the next morning he should put wood on the fire in the forest, should sacrifice with the Mahâvyâhritis, and should cause the student to look at (the following objects, viz.)
3.2.40
agnim ājyam ādityaṃ brahmāṇam anaḍvāham annam apo dadhī 'ti.
Fire, Âgya, the sun, a Brahman, a bull, food, water, curds,
3.2.41
svar abhivyakhyaṃ, jyotir abhivyakhyam iti;
With (the words), 'The sky have I beheld! Light have I beheld!'
3.2.42
evaṃ triḥ sarvāṇi.
In that way all (the objects stated in Sûtra 40) three times.
3.2.43
śāntiṃ kṛtvā gurum abhivādayate:
After the ceremony for averting evil has been performed, the student respectfully salutes the teacher.
3.2.44
so 'sya vāgvisargaḥ
Thus he has to break the silence (enjoined upon him).
3.2.45
- anaḍvān kam̐so vāso vara iti dakṣiṇāh:
A bull, a brass vessel, a garment, an optional gift (of a cow): this is the sacrificial fee.
3.2.46
prathame vikalpaḥ;
The first time he may choose (either a bull or a brass vessel).
3.2.47
ācchādayed gurum ity eke.
Let him provide his teacher with clothes, according to some (teachers).
3.2.48
aindraḥ sthālīpākas: tasya juhuyād ṛcaṃ sāma yajāmaha ity etaya rcā, sadasas patim adbhutam iti vo 'bhābhyāṃ vā;
A mess of cooked food, sacred to Indra, (is prepared). Let him sacrifice of that (food) with this verse, 'To the Rik, to the Sâman we sacrifice' (Sâma-veda I, 369), or (with the verse), 'The lord of the seat, the wonderful' (ibid. I, 171), or with both (verses).
3.2.49
anupravacanīyeṣv evam.
This (he should do) at (all) the Anupravakanîya ceremonies.
3.2.50
sarvatrā 'cāriṣaṃ, tad aśakaṃ, tenā 'rātsam, upāgām iti mantraviśeṣaḥ.
The Mantra has to be altered everywhere (so that he has to say), 'I have kept (the vow),' 'I have been able,' 'Thereby I have prospered,' 'I have undergone.'
3.2.51
āgneye 'ja, aindre meṣo, gauḥ pāvamāne parvadakṣiṇāḥ
The fee to be given after the study of the Parvans is, a goat for the Agni-Parvan, a ram for the Indra-Parvan, a cow for the Pavamâna-Parvan.
3.2.52
- pratyetyā ''cāryaṃ sapariṣatkaṃ bhojayet
After (the student) has returned (from the forest), he should entertain his teacher and his retinue with food,
3.2.53
sabrahmacāriṇaś co 'pasametān.
And his fellow-students who have come together.
3.2.54
- jyeṣṭhasāmno mahānāmnikenai 'vā 'nugāpanakalpo vyākhyātaḥ.
The way to sing the Gyeshthasâmans has been explained by (the statements given with regard to) the Mahânâmnî-(vrata).
3.2.55
tatrai 'tāni nityavratāni bhavanti:
Here the following standing duties are to be observed:
3.2.56
na śūdrām upeyāt,
He should not have intercourse with a Sûdrâ woman.
3.2.57
na pakṣimām̐saṃ bhuñjīta,
He should not eat bird's flesh.
3.2.58
ekadhānyam ekadeśam ekavastraṃ ca varjayet,
He should avoid (constantly living on) the same grain, and in the same place, and wearing one garment.
3.2.59
uddhṛtābhir adbhir upaspṛśet;
He should perform the rite of 'touching water' with water drawn out (of a pond, &c.).
3.2.60
ādeśanāt prabhṛti na mṛṇmaye 'śnīyāt,
From (the time of) his being directed (to observe the duties of his Vrata) he should not eat from an earthen vessel,
3.2.61
na pibet,
Nor drink (from such a vessel),
3.2.62
- śravaṇād ity eke.
(Or rather) from (the time of) his being taught (the Gyeshthasâmans, after the whole preparatory time, or after one third of that time), according to some (teachers).
Translations (1)
- The Grihya-sûtras, Part II (SBE 30) — Hermann Oldenberg 1892, English
Linked texts (2)
- Raurukibrāhmaṇa (fragments) — Sanskrit
- Jaiminīyagṛhyasūtra — Sanskrit